小升初英语数词专项.doc

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1、数词一、定义:表示数目或顺序。二、分类:分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词;表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。三、基数词的构成:1)1-12的基数词是独立的单词,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。2)13-19的基数词以-teen结尾。如: fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13thirteen, 15fifteen, 18eighteen。3)20-90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如: sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,20

2、twenty, 30thirty, 40forty, 50fifty, 80eighty。4)十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号-,如:28-twenty-eight,96-ninety-six。5)百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148one hundred and forty-eight 406four hundred and six6)hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,several, some, many也不能在它们的后面加-s。如:six hundred,eight million。如果表示

3、不确定数目时,用hundreds of /thousands of /millions of /billions of +名词复数,前面不能再加数字。7)1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用几十个千(thousand)表示几万,几百个千(thousand)表示几十万。如:2,510two thousand five hundred and ten84,296eighty-four thousand two hundred and nine

4、ty-six274,350two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。四、序数词的构成:1)序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成,如: fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时,有特别之处。Onefirst, twosecond, threethird, fivefifth, nineninth, twelvetwelfth2)以_ty 结尾的单词,要先变y为i, 在加-eth.。如:thirtythirtieth, fiftyfiftieth3)以one, two, three 等结尾的

5、多位数词,要将个位数变成序数词。如: twenty-onetwenty-first, one hundred and oneone hundred and first基数词变序数词的口诀: 一、二、三,单独记;八去t,九除e,五、十二中f变ve,再加词尾-th;整十基数变序数,先把y尾改ie;要是遇到两位数,十位基数个位序。注意:序数词前常用定冠词the或形容词性物主代词,有时还可以用不定冠词 a/an 则表示 又一 的意思。(没有具体范围的限制)如: Septemberis the ninth of a year. 九月是一年的第九个月。 Jan,1st is my twelfth birt

6、hday. 一月一日是我的十二岁的生日。Mr. Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。五、数词的应用1)时刻的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。 “几点钟”用基数词加oclock。oclock 可省略。如:5点钟-five(oclock) “几点过几分”,30分钟用介词past。如:7:15fifteen/ a quarter past seven7:30half past seven“差几分几点”,30分钟,用介词to。如:7:40twenty to eight 7:45fifte

7、en / a quarter to eight 。日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。如:7:05seven o five 7:15seven fifteen。2)年月日的表示:年份用基数词,如:1999年nineteen ninety-nine 1900年nineteen hundred2000年two thousand 1905年nineteen o five;年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1998年6月8日 写作:June 8,1998;读作:June the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June, ninetee

8、n ninety-eight。3)世纪、年代表示法,如:(在)90年代 (in) the nineties(在)19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century(在)18世纪30年代 (in) the 1730s或in the 1730s4)编号的表示:基数词放到名词的后边,该名词一般要大写;序数词放到名词的前面,加定冠词。 Lesson 1/ the first lesson第一课 Row 3/ the third row 第三排Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽车。表示住所时不用No如:Room 302读作:room three o two 302房间。如果编号

9、的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page 457 第457页。电话号码,用基数词,如:3855633-three eight double five six double three。班级,年级,如: Class One,Grade Six 六年级一班5)分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母则加s。如:13 one third 23two thirds 12 a / one half 14one fourth或a/ one quarter34 three fourths或three quarters6)表示有小数的词用基数词,如:5.5 five point five 12

10、.135 twelve point one three five7)表示百分数,如:5:five percent 0.8 zero point eight percent注意:分数、百分数与主谓一致当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: EightypercentofthestudentsinourschoolcomefromHenan. 我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。 ThreefourthsofthestudentsinmyclassareinterestedinEnglish. 我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣

11、。 Twothirdsofthewaterontheearthisseawater. 地球上三分之二的水是海水。8)其他用法,如: 基数词单数名词形容词构成合成形容词。如:a five-year-old boy 一个五岁的男孩 an 800-metre-long bridge 一座800米长的桥girls 400-metre relay race 女子400米接力 具体数词metre(s)kilometre(s)kilo(s)long high tall deep away等。如:The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long长江长6300公里。 表

12、示“几十岁”用基数词的复数形式,如:in his thirties 在他三十几岁时 倍数的表达:一倍用once,两倍用 twice,两倍以上用基数词times。如:five times 5倍补充:倍数的表示法: 1.表示“几倍大小(长短;数量)”,由“倍数+thesize(length,amount width age height.)+of ”结构组成。如: Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon. 地球的大小是月亮的四十九倍。2.表示“比大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词(副词)比较级+than+被比较部分”结构组成。如: Thisboxisthreet

13、imesbiggerthanthatone. 这个箱子比那个箱子大三倍。(这个箱子是那个箱子的四倍。)一、写出下列单词的序数词和基数词。1. 把下列基数词改为序数词。(1) one(2) five(3) eight(4) twelve(5) thirty(6) sixteen(7) twenty-two (8) ninety-nine2、把下列序数词改为基数词。(1) third (2) seventh(3) sixth (4) second(5) fiftieth (6) sixty-fourth二、用英语或中文表达下列年、月、日。1. 2008年8月8日2. Apr, 3rd, 19783

14、. 1898年9月5日4. 1997年6月30日5. Feb, 1st, 1976四、根据算式完成句子。1. 16+20=Whats and ?Its . 265+25=?Whats and ?Its . 3. 356=?Whats minus ?Its . 4. 79=?Whats times ?Its . 5. 813=?Whats divided by ?Its . 五、根据实际情况用适当的数词填空。(填英文)1. There are letters in English alphabet(字母表).2. There are days in a week. 3. There are ho

15、urs in a day.4. There are days in a year.5. Thursday is the day of the week.6. There are days in January.7. There are months in a year.8. is Christmas Day.9. There are seasons in a year.10. There are days in February 2008.六、根据所给汉语补全句子。(6分)1. There are (五十辆公共汽车)in the bus station.2. (第九个女孩)is Sarah.

16、3. How many giraffes can you see?I can see (四只).4. My mother is (三十六岁).5. Im in (六年级四班).6. Susan was (第一个)to stand up.七、单项选择。( )1. There are months in a year.A. twelfth B. twelve C. twelveth D. tewlves( )2. Please turn to . Lets read the text aloud. A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page

17、 second.( )3. Jenny was born .A. on July 10, 1990B. in July 10, 1990C. in 1990, July 10D. on 1990, July 10( )4. people visited our school this morning.A. Hundreds ofB. Severn hundreds.C. Hundred of D. Three hundreds of( )5. My uncle will come here to-morrow morning.A. at tenth B. at ten C. on ten D.

18、 till tenth( )6. Whats the time?It s . A. half past sixB. sixth oclockC. sixthD. the sixth( )7. I think that the century(世纪)left us many memories(记忆).A. twentyB. twelveC. twentiethD. twenties( )8. Whats five and two?Its .A. sevenB. seventhC. the seventhD. the seven( )9. December is the month of the

19、year.A. twelveB. twelfthC. twelvethD. the twelfth( )10. What day is today?Its . A. time to go B. SaturdayC. June 4thD. Sunny( )11. Autumn is season in a year.A. the fourthB. the thirdC. a thirdD. the threeth( )12. He began to work there .A. on his fiftyB. at ages of fifty.C. when he fiftyD. in his f

20、ifties( )13. Now let me haveA the third tryB. a third tryC. third tryD. this third try( )14. Today is A. the first of MayB. May firstC. the first MayD. One May( )15. of the students are girls in our class.A. Two-threeB. Two-threesC. Two-thirdsD. Second-three八用所给词的适当形式填空1Today we will learn the _(twe

21、lve)lesson.2I sit in the _(two)row in the class.3Its August _(twenty-one)today.4We have _(45)sheep on the farm.5I think the _(eight)lesson is difficult.九用英语写出适当的数词或数词词组1There are _ days in a week.2There are usually _ or _ days in one month except _,and there are usually _ or _ days in one year.3New

22、Years Day is the _ of each year.4Thursday is the _ day of a week.5_ is our National Day.6The _ month of the year is February.7There are _ seconds in a minute.8December _ is Christmas in America.9August is the _ month of a year.十对画线部分提问 1.Jim goes to Tsing Hua University at 8:00 every day. _ 2.The sw

23、eater is fifty yuan. _ 3.It is two hundred metres from here. _ 4.My telephone number is 1535346436. _ 5.There are 800 students in our school. _ 6.She has worked in Jinan for five years. _ 7.Jackson was born in May,1970. _ 8.Today is March 7. _ 9.Its half past twelve now. _ 10.There are six pieces of paper on the desk. _世上没有一件工作不辛苦,没有一处人事不复杂。不要随意发脾气,谁都不欠你的

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