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1、Contents第一章 名词1. 名词的数2. 名词的格第二章 代词1. 人称代词2. 物主代词第三章 冠词 与 数词1. 冠词2. 数词第四章 一般现在时态第五章 现在进行时态第六章 句型1 述句2 疑问句3 祈使句4 There be 句型与have has第七章 总结考试第一章 名词 （Noun）名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。 一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如 a piece of bread (一片
2、面包)， 变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数， 如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。*名词复数的构成法则1. 一般情况下在词尾加s. 词尾读音shop - shops (商店) 在清辅音后读 s bag - bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读 z window - windows (窗户) 在元音后读 z 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。class - classes (班级) 词尾读音 iz box - boxes (盒子) match - matches (比赛)brush - brushes (刷子)3. 以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的词， 变
3、y为 i 加es. story - stories (故事) 词尾读音 iz 4. 以“元音字母 +y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s key - keys 词尾读音 z monkey - monkeys5.以 “o” 结尾的名词， 复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加 “es” tomato - tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音 z potato - potatoes (土豆) zoo - zoos (动物园) photo - photos (照片)*（以 “o”结尾，复数加 “es”）口诀： 黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato
4、)，头顶一个大芒果（mango）。6. 以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves. leaf - leaves (树叶) 词尾读音 vz knife - knives ( 小刀) *（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe 变ves的单词）口诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加 “s”的单词）口诀：长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例： roof
5、- roofs ( 屋顶)7. 不规则名词复数的变化man - men (男人) tooth -teeth (牙齿)child - children (儿童) mouse - mice(老鼠)foot - feet (脚) woman - women (女人)8. 名词单复数形式一样 sheep - sheep (绵羊) deer - deer （鹿） English - English（英国人） Chinese - Chinese （中国人）*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法
6、 1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如: This is Toms desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mikes book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如:the teachers reading room 教师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s 。如： the childrens palace 少年宫 mens room 男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s前面加一撇，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇
7、。名词练习题写出下列名词的复数形式puter _ computers _ 2.apple _ apples _ 3.city _cities_4.house _houses_ 5.sheep _ sheep _ 6.watch _watches_7.tomato _ tomatoes 8.child _children_ 9.tooth _teeth_10.foot _feet_ 11.wife wives 12.potato _ potatoes13.play _plays_ 14.day _days_ 15.glass _ glasses _16.radio _ radios _ 17.z
8、oo _zoos_ 18. life _lives_19. story _ stories 20.leaf _leaves_ 21. baby _babies_22.dress _ dresses _ 23.butterfly _ butterflies_ 24. deer _ deer _25.class _ classes _ 26.brush _ brushes _ 27.key _ keys _28. English _ English _ 29.mouse _mice_ 30. man _men_二、汉译英1Tom的足球 _Toms football 2. 老师们的自行车 the t
9、eachers bikes3学生们的课桌 the students desks 4.哥哥的文具盒 brothers box5姑姑的卡片 aunts cards 6.猴子们的香蕉 the monkeys bananas7蚂蚁们的早餐 the ants breakfast 8.妈妈的包 mothersbag9姐姐的连衣裙 sistersdress 10女孩们的苹果 thegirlsapples三、把下列句子翻译成英文1这些 是Peter 的篮球吗？ _ ArethesePetersbasketballs? _2这个是老师的钢笔吗？ _Is this teachers pen?3有一些书在Sam的课
10、桌上。_There are some books on the Sams desk._4有一些孩子们在教室里。_There are some children in the classrom. _四、改错 （圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）1.There are some butterflys on the table. _butterflies_2.This is Alice dress. _Alices_3.I like tomato very much. _tomatoes_五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown._These dogs are brown._2.
11、There is a book and a pen on the table._There are some books and pens on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._Those women are teachers._能力测试卷 （名词）将下列名词变成复数形式。1.plane planes tree lessonmonth apple shirt2. box boxes bus brush watch class fox3.knife knives life leaf Wife thief4.day days boy monkeybaby
12、 babies country story5.photo photos radio piano tomato tomatoes hero6. child children tooth teeth man men Sheep sheep English English Chinese Chinese二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ ”1The house is my brother. _ The house is my brothers.2. He has visited many country. _ He has visited many countries.3. They are En
13、glishs. _ They are English.4. This is Tom red bike. _ This is Toms red bike.三、选择填空1There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman2.The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth3. _ are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here.
14、A. Johns B. John 5. Can you give me _?A. some papers B. a piece of paper6.There are _ on the floor.A. some box B. some boxes四、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This sheep is white._These sheep are white._2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._There are some desks and chairs in the room._3.That man is a doctor._Thos
15、e men are doctors. _第二章 代词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表： 数人称主格宾格单数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou第三人称hesheithimherit复数第一人称Weus第二人称youyou第三人称theythem主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I cant write with it.这支钢笔不
16、好，我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。1） 单数代词：you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I2） 复数代词：we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主
17、代词和名词性物主代词。 人称类别 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名词性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?Its hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat*关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，my your his her its our their 不放过。形容词性是基础，除了我的“mine”外，其他词尾“s”
18、性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“*自己”。数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesI can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f四、指示代词This (这个)- these (这些) 指近处的事物That (那个)- these (那些) 指远处的事物例，This is a book. 这是本
19、书。 These are some books. 这些是书。 That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。代词练习题根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of _mine_. ( I )2. This is _her_ ( she ) ruler. _Mine_ ( I ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _him_ ( he )4. This is _my_ ( I ) book. This book is _mine
20、_ ( I ).5. These pens are _ours_ ( we ).二、填写下列表格。人称代词我我们你，你们他她它他们主 格IweyouHeSheItThey宾 格meusyouHimherItThem形容词性物主代词myOuryourHisHerItsTheir名词性物主代词mineOursyoursHisHersItsTheirs反身代词myselfourselvesYourself/yourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves三、改写下列句子Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine.1. That is
21、 her ruler. _That ruler is hers._2. These are their footballs. _These footballs are theirs._3. This is my backpack . _This backpack is mine.4. Those are your boxes. _Those boxes are yours.四、把下列句子改写成复数。1. This is a butterfly. _These are butterflives._2. That is a bus. _Those are buses.3. It is a mous
22、e. _Their are mice._五、改错。1.This is mine lamp. _ This is my lamp._2.These are ours books._ These are our books._3. That are their teacher. _ That is their teacher. _4.The house is my brother. _ The house is my brothers. _5. He has visited many country. _ He has visited many countries._6. They are Chi
23、neses. _ They are Chinese._7. This is Tom red bike. _ This is Toms red bike._能力测试卷 （代词）帮下面的好朋友团圆 （连线） I 她its 我们her 他（她，它）们we 我they 你的their 他（她，它）们your 她的she 它的二、填空1Shes a teacher . This is _her_ bag.2. Hes a driver. This is _his_ taxi.3. I am a boy . _My_ name is Peter.4. -Whats _your_ name? - My na
24、me is Tony.5. Its my puppy. _Its_ name is Mimi.三、选择( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _. A. him B. he C. his D. she( ) 2. _ book is it ? Its _. A. Whoseher B. Whose hers C. Whohers D. Whom her( ) 3. He is a friend of _.A. our B. us C. my D. mine四、改错1. I, you and he are all teachers. You, he and I are
25、all teachers.2. This is mine teddy bear. This is my teddy bear.3. These are ours bags.These are our bags. 4. These is their teachers.These are their teachers.第三章 数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。1 最基本的基数词如下表所示：1101119201001 one11 eleven2 two12 twelve20 twenty3 three13 thirteen30 thi
26、rty4 four14 fourteen40 forty5 five15 fifteen50 fifty6 six16 sixteen60 sixty7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten100 one hundred*基数词的写法 ：2199的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and
27、。例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight2序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例， four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例， one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelv
28、e - twelfth3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例， twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth4） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty one - twenty- first thirty-five -thirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, si
29、xth）一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third）八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e；要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词 冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。She is a tea
30、cher. Thats an orange. 2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。This is a bus. The bus is big.3. 不用冠词的情况：1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如， Chinese, English, Jim等。2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如， at home 在家 go to school 去上学*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提
31、和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。1) at _/_home 2) go to_/_ bed 3) go to _/_school 4) catch _a_ bad cold 5) have _a_ good time 6) _a_red apple 7)_an_ English book 8) _
32、a_ spoon 9)_an_ orange 10) _a_melon 11) _an_ eraser二、选择填空1.There is _ “m” in the word “primary”A. an B.a C.the D./2.This is _ orange bike .A.a B.an C.the D/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper .A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world
33、.A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening .A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit .A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come .A.The B.a
34、C.the D./9.Do you see _ book on _ table ?A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine .A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm .A.a B.an C.the D./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 .A
35、./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser .A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 四、用代词填空:1._ , _ and _ are all
36、 good friends .A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ .A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we 3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ ?A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.
37、their , yourself 4. “What are you doing ?” “I am looking at _ in the mirror ?”A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music .A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she 能力测试卷（冠词和数词）写出相邻的数词1. nineteen twenty twenty-one 2. four five six 3. eleven twelve thirteen 4.
38、 fifty-seven fifty-eight fifty-nine 5. eighty-nine ninety ninety-one 6. sixty-nine seventy seventy-one 7. thirty-seven thirty-eight thirty-nine 8. ninety-nine one hundred one hundred one 9. nine hundred and ninety-nine one thousand one thousand and one one 10. zero one two 二、选择正确答案1.There are days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2.There are students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty sixC. eight hundred
