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1、,16种英语时态,时态的种类,一般时态 强调动作本身。具有叙述性。进行时态 强调动作的过程。具有描绘性、生动性。完成时态 强调动作的结果。具有逻辑推导性。完成进行时态 强调动作的连贯不断和结果。具有原因和过程的描述性。,时态,所有时态都是通过动词变化表现出来的,1,一般现在时,一般现在时,主语+动词原形（若主语时第三人称单数，动词原形一般加-s或-es),一般现在时,一般现在时结构：,一般现在时,主语+动词原形（若主语时第三人称单数，动词原形一般加-s或-es)表示经常性、习惯性动作，常与表示频度的副词连用，如always，often，seldom等 He always eats an app
2、le in the morning.他常常在早上吃一个苹果。A)表示主语的状态、特征、能力、品质等The book consists of fix chapters.这本书包含五个章节。She is a student.她是一个学生。C)表示客观事实和普遍真理The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。,一般现在时,D)表示按计划安排好的，或将要发生的动作，句子常有一个表示时间的状语。常用的动词有：come,return,begin,start,leave,go,arrive等The next train leaves at 3:00 oclock this
3、afternoon.下一趟火车将于今天下午三点发车。The show begins in half an hour.半小时后演出开始。E)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时（主将从现）。I will go to bed when he comes back.等他回来了我就去睡觉。If you dont stop the yelling,I will leave right now.如果你还继续大吼大叫的话，我现在就走。,一般现在时,E)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时（主将从现）。一、主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。如：When I grow up
4、,Ill be a nurse and look after patients.二、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。如：Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake.,从句一般现在时,主句一般将来时,一般现在时,E)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时（主将从现）。三、if表示条件，即假设条件成立，if引导的句子是条件状语从句，用一般现在时态；主句则用一般将来时态。如：If you do it,you will be happy.Youll be happy if you do it.,从句一般现在时,主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时,
5、主句一般将来时,一般现在时,When he comes back,I will tell him the news.If he comes back,I will tell him the news.They will never let you know until it happens.I will see your father as soon as I get there.,一般现在时,My father to read newspaper after supper every day.likeB.is likesC.likes D.dont like2.John and Tom bo
6、oks at night.doesnt readB.readsC.reading D.dont read3.Whats the weather like in your country?It sometimes.rainsB.rainingC.rainD.are raining4.They the office in time every morning.reach toB.arrived C.went D.get to5.Youd better at home and your homework.A.to stay;do B.stay;do C.to stay;to do D.stay;to
7、 do,C,D,A,D,B,一般现在时,6.We shall go to Shanghai on business before you back next week.will come B.came C.would come D.come7.He sits down and a rest.having B.have C.to have D.has8.I see her the room this morning.to enter B.entered C.enter D.enters9.-WhatwillBilldoifhe_inthetest?-Hewilltryagain.A.failB.
8、failsC.willfailD.isfailing,D,B,C,D,一般现在时,10.Frank_toseehisgrandmaifhe_freetomorrow.A.willcome;willbeB.comes;isC.willcome;isD.comes;willbe11.IfMary_nextSunday,wewillgoboatingtogether.A.willcomeB.comesC.shallcomeD.shouldcome12.Thestudentswillplanttreesifit_ _tomorrow.A.didntrainB.hasntrainedC.wontrain
9、D.doesntrain13.We_ _homeifthereisnobus.-Oh,whatapity!A.willwalkB.havewalkedC.walkedD.walk,C,A,D,B,2,一般过去时,一般过去时,一、规则变化1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed,如：workworked playplayed wantwanted askasked2、以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d,如：livelived movemoved tastetasted3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改成i,加ed,如：studystudies trytried copycopied carry
10、carried 4、重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加ed,如：stopstopped,一般过去时,一、不规则变化1.三种形式一致,一般过去时,一、不规则变化1.三种形式一致,一般过去时,2.在动词原形后加一个辅音字母-d,-t 或-ed 构成过去式或过去分词,一般过去时,3.把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词,一般过去时,4.原形aughtaught,一般过去时,5.原形lt/pt/ft,一般过去时,6.变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。iau,一般过去时,6.其它,一般过去时,主语+动词的过去式A)表示过去某个时
11、间发生的动作或情况 I was a student.我曾经是学生。B)表示过去习惯性动作，特别是由would/used to do表达的句型 I used to help my mom with house work after school.我过去常在放学后帮母亲做家务。On Sunday,he would get up early and go fishing.星期天，他常常早起，然后去钓鱼。,一般过去时,否定式：主语+did not(didnt)/was not(wasnt)/were not(werent)/+动词原形I got up at 6 oclock yesterday.I d
12、idnt get up at 6 oclock yesterday.They were in Japan last month.They werent in Japan last month.,一般过去时,一般疑问式：Did+主语+动词原形+其他 Was/Were+主语+其他Did you go shopping yesterday?Yes,I did./No,I didnt.Was she 15 years old last year?Yes,she was./No,she wasnt.,一般过去时,特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他Wh
13、ere did you go shopping yesterday?At the shopping mall.When and where were you born.I was born in March,at the hospital.,一般过去时,用于一般过去时的时间状语1.与ago连用,a momenttwo minutesthree hoursfive daysone weeksix monthsfour years,ago,一般过去时,用于一般过去时的时间状语2.其他,just nowin the old daysin those daysin 1980the other daya
14、t that timeonce upon a time,一般过去时,1.Assoonashe_,he_tohisfamily.A.arrived;writesB.arrived,written;C.arrived;wroteD.arrives;write2.Shesaidherbrother_inBeijing.He_toJapanonbusinesslastweek.A.wasnt,went B.hasnt,went C.wasnt,go D.isnt,went3.YesterdayI_inbedalldaybecauseIhadafever.A.layB.lieC.laidD.lied4.
15、They_tiredsotheystopped_arest.A.are,haveB.were,haveC.were,tohaveD.are,having5.He_tothestationthismorningandwas_forthetrain.A.hurry,intimeB.hurries,ontimeC.hurried,intimeD.hurried,attime,C,D,C,C,C,3,一般将来时,一般将来时,A)表示将来会发生的动作，基本结构是will/shall do+动词原形 We shall call you.我们会给你打电话的。注意：shall与will的区别,shall,wi
16、ll,shall常用于第一人称,否定式：shall not=shant,will常用于第二、三人称，但在口语中各种人称都可以用will,否定式：will not=wont,一般将来时,B)表示主观打算做某事或客观上即将发生某事，可用be going to+动词原形：“打算去，要”He is going to meet the manager at the airport.他要去机场接经理。C)表示按规定、计划将要发生的动作。“be+to do”：“将会做”Your complaint is to be attended right now.我们马上处理您的投诉。,一般现在时,D)表示“即将、正
17、要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事(不能与表示将来的时间状语连用)You have to tell her this is a prank.She is about to call the police.你得告诉她这是个恶作剧，她要打电话报警了。E)表示在不久的将来要做某事：be+现在分词（仅限位移词）Wait a minute.Im coming.等一会儿，我马上就来。He is leaving school in one years time.他一年后就要毕业了。,一般现在时,F)祈使句+and/or+陈述句，and/or后面的句子应用一般将来时，而其前面的
18、祈使句部分表示条件。表示顺承关系时，用and；表示转折关系时，用or。Give me one more hour,and Ill get the work finished.Close the window,or youll catch a cold.,一般现在时,“There be”句型的一般将来时肯定句：There will be+名词+其他成份注意：无论后面加单数名词或复数形式，be都必须用原形。There will be only one country.There will be three people.否定句：在will后面加not，There will not be+名词+其他
19、成份 There wont be only one country.一般疑问句：把will提到there之前 Will there be only one country?Yes,there will./No,there wont.,一般现在时,“There be”句型的一般将来时肯定句：There is/are going to be+名词+其他成份There is going to be a sports meeting at our school next week.否定句：There isnt/arent going to be+名词+其他成份 There is not going t
20、o be a test tomorrow.一般疑问句：把 is 提到 there 之前 Is there a sports meeting at our school next week?Yes,there is./No,there isnt.,一般现在时,1.The train at 11 oclock.going to arrive B.will be arriving C.is going to D.is arriving2.your brother a magazine from the library?Are;going to borrowB.Is;going to borrowC.
21、Will;borrowsD,Are;going to3.Who we swimming with tomorrow afternoon?A.will;goB.do;goC.will;goingD.shall;go4.If it tomorrow,well go roller-skating.A.isnt rainB.wont rain C.doesnt rainD.rains,D,C,C,D,将来进行时,2,现在进行时,现在进行时,A)表示说话时正在进行的动作 They are having lunch.他们在吃饭。B)表示现阶段正在进行的动作 We are looking for a new
22、 house.我们现在在找新房子。C)与always一起，表示强调，往往掺杂着个人情绪，如赞扬、批评、厌烦等 Oh,I hate that kid!He is always crying.The boy is always asking silly questions.,3,现在完成时,现在完成时,A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成 I have just finished my homework.我刚刚才写完作业。B)表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语 常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间。I have learned pian
23、o since I was six.我六岁时就开始学钢琴。I have learned piano for three years.我学了三年钢琴了。,一般现在时,C)表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。John has broken his right arm.约翰摔断了右臂。D)在this is the first/second/third time that句型里要求用完成时 This is the second time that I have seen her.这是我第二次见到她。,一般现在时,注意事项：现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完
24、成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。He worked in New York for 3 years.他曾经在纽约工作了3年。（这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在纽约了。）He has worked in New York for 3 years.他已经在纽约工作了3年。（表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在纽约工作。）,4,现在完成进行时,现在完成进行时,表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来It has been raining since last
25、Monday.上周一开始就一直下雨。She is so tired.She has been working all night.她太累了，工作了一整晚。,一般现在时,注意事项：A)现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作 I have read the book.我读过这本书。I have been reading the book.我一直在读这本书。B)现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩 I have waited for two hours.我等了两小时。（陈述事实）I have been waiting for two
26、hours.我已经等了两个小时了。（抱怨）,6,过去完成时,过去完成时,表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态，即：表示过去的过去I had already finished my homework when you called me.在你打电话给我之前，我就已经做完作业了。I had met Mr.Tang before Halloween.在万圣节之前，我就已经见过唐先生了。,7,过去进行时,过去进行时,A)表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作 I was taking a nap an hour ago.一小时前我在午睡。B)如果when,while引导的从
27、句是一般过去时，主句常用过去进行时 I was shopping when you called me yesterday afternoon.昨天下午你打电话给我的时候我正在逛街。,8,过去完成进行时,过去完成进行时,过去完成进行时指的是从过去某一时间开始，到过去某一时间仍在进行的动作，结构是had been doingMy daughter had been writing diary everyday before I came home last week.上周我回家之前，我的女儿每天都写日记。,10,将来进行时,将来进行时,强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情Tell me
28、when you are ready.Ill be waiting downstairs.你准备好了就告诉我，我会在楼下等你。At 11:00,tomorrow night,he will be sleeping.We can sneak in his house then.明晚11点的时候，他会在睡觉。那时，我们就能溜进他的房子了。,11,将来完成时,将来完成时,表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态The conference will have lasted a full week by the ti
29、me it ends.会议结束的时候应该已经开了一周了。I will have corrected all your homework before next Monday.在下周一之前，我应该已经批改完了你们所有人的课下作业。By the end of next month,they will have been married for 30 years.下个月末，他们结婚的时间将会满30年。,12,将来完成进行时,将来完成进行时,表示动作从某一时间开始（过去或现在）一直延续到将来某一时间，是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。这个时态常和表示将来某一时间的状语连用，主要结构是shall have
30、been doing和will have been doingI shall have been working in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。,13,过去将来时,过去将来时,表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事I thought you would leave Changsha this afternoon.我还以为你今天下午离开长沙呢。I asked him if he would come to our party.我问过他是否要来参加我们的聚会。In 2010,man
31、y people believed 2012 would be the end of the world.在2010年，很多人相信2012将是世界末日。,14,过去将来进行时,过去将来进行时,过去将来进行时表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，结构是should be doing,would be doingHe asked me what I would be doing six oclock tomorrow.他问我次日六点将正在做什么。,15,过去将来完成时,过去将来完成时,过去将来完成时表示从过去观点看，将来某时某动作已完成，主要结构是should have
32、done,would have doneHe said he would have done with my camera by the end of next month.他说到下月底就不用我的照相机了。I guessed that Mother would have made some sandwiches by the time we got back.我猜我们回来时妈妈已经做好一些三明治了。,16,过去将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去将来的某一时间。动作是否继续下去，由上下文决定。这个时态用得相对比较少，结构一般是should have been doing,would have been doingI heard by the end of June you would have been working here for 10 years.我听说到了六月底，你就在这里工作了10年了。,完,
