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1、新目标英语九年级下册Units1115知识点归纳Unit111.宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。 由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语构成 常由下面的一些连接词引导： 由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略 He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。 由if , whether 引导 表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等) I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。 由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义 Do you know what he wants to
2、buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？ 从句时态要与主句一致 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。 I dont know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wants to know if I have finished my homework她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时) H
3、e said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。 I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？2. get v. 得到、买、到达3. make a telephone call 打电话4. save money 省钱、存钱5. 问路常用的句子： Do you know where is ?
4、 Can you tell me how can I get to ?Could you tell me how to get to ？Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情Could you tell me how to get to the park?请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？中的how to get to the park是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句，可是相当于how I can get to the park（宾语从句）如：I dont know how to solve the pro
5、blem. =I dont know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开？6. 日常交际用语： take the elevator / escalator to the floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到楼 turn left / right = take a left / right 向左/ 右转 go past 经过 go straight 向前直走7. next to 旁边、紧接着 如：Lily
6、 is next to Ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边。8. between and 在和之间如: Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。9. decide to do 决定做 She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。 decide v. decision n. make a decision 做个决定10. Is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方？ 中的to hang out修饰前面名词place，不定式作定语.如：There are something t
7、o eat. 这有吃的东西。中的to eat修饰代词something，作定语.11. kind of +adj./ adv. 译为“有点、一点”如： She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。12. expensive 贵的 反义词 inexpensive 不贵的13. crowded 拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded 不拥挤的14. take a vacation = go on a vacation 去度假15.dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成. 如：He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas.他想要打扮成圣诞老人
8、。16. on the beach 在海滩上 的介词用 on17. politely adv. 有礼貌地 polite adj. 有礼貌的18. depend on sth / doing / 从句 根据、依靠、依赖、决定于 Living things depend on the sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性。 We cant depend on his answer. 我们不能根据他的回答。 That depends on how you did it. 那决定于你怎样做这件事。19. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 常用的结构有：prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer
9、 English. 我更喜欢英语。 prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。 prefer sth to sth.同相比更喜欢 I prefer dogs to cats与猫相比我更喜欢狗。 prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。20. o
10、n the other hand 另一方面21.把借给某人lend sb. sth. lend sth.to sb. 如：Lily lent me her book. = Lily lent her book to me .莉莉把她的书借给了我。22. such as23. Im sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。24. in a way 在某种程度说25. in order to do 为了做 表目的 如：He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他起早床，是为了赶上头班公共汽车。26. 等级/同级比较：asa
11、s ， not as/soasas + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as表示“和一样的”“和一样的” 如：He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。 否定式not as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as= not so + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as He doesnt work as / so hard as we. 他工作没有我们那样努力。27. hand in 上交Unit121. be supposed to do .应该 如We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。知识拓展表示应该的词有：should, ought
12、to ,be supposed to2. shake hands握手shake 本意是“摇动、震动”3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是“情态动词现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做如：She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。（没有去）4. be relaxed about sth.对某事随意、不严格如：They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。5.
13、pretty adv. 相当,很veryShe is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。 adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。6. make plans to do = plan to do. 打算做某事如：She has made plans to go to Beijing.=She has planed to go to Beijing.7. drop by 访问看望拜访串门We just dropped by our friends homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。8. on time 按时9.after all 毕竟终究如：Y
14、ou see I was right after all.你看，毕竟还是我对了。10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事如：Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。11. without 没有12. around the world = all over the world 全世界13. pick up 捡起挑选如：He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。14. start doing = start to do 开始做某事如He started reading.= He started to read. 他开
15、始读。15. point at 指向16. stick v. 剌截n. 棒，棍 chopstick 筷子是由chop(砍)stick(棒)合成，通常用复数形式：chopsticks17. go out of ones way to do 特意，专门做某事如：He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。18. make mistakes 犯错误（复数）make a mistake 犯错误（一个）19. be different from 与不同如：Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同
16、.20 et/be used to sth. 习惯于 get/be used to doing习惯于 be used to do 被用于做 be used for doing被用于做 used to do 过去常常做如：I wash clothes everyday. But Im used to it.我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。 The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。 The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。
17、She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。I finditdifficultto remember everything.形式宾语 真正宾语常见的形式宾语有：find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如： I think it hard to study English.22. cut up 切开切碎如：Lets cut up the water melon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。23. make a toast 敬酒24. crowd v.挤满 其形容词和过去式及过
18、去分词都是：crowded25. set n. 一套v. 设置26. cant stop doing 忍不住做某事I cant stop laughing. 我忍不住笑27. make faces做鬼脸28.face to face 面对面29. learnby oneself 自学如：I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。Unit 13-Unit15疑难点Unit13一、疑点难点破解1. You have to be careful.你得小心。 疑点：be careful“小心，当心”如：Be careful while crossing the road.过马
19、路要小心。难点：be careful后常跟of短语。与它同义的有look out。如：Arent you a bit too careful of your health？你对个人的健康难道不是有点过于小心了吗？ Look out！Theres danger ahead.当心！前面有危险。2. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you dont need at all.有时广告可能导致你买你根本不需要的东西。疑点：at times= sometime，是副词性短语，表示事物发生的频率。如：He is late for school at
20、times.他有时上学迟到。难点：1)对含有at times的短语进行提问时，用How soon.如：How soon does he go to school late？At times.2)句中lead意为“使得、导致”，常用于短语lead sb. to do sth.“导致某人做某事” 如：What leads you to think so？3.Soft lighting makes people look good，but it make food look bad.柔和的光线使人的脸色看上去很好看，但使食物看起来很难看。疑点：look good/bad意思为“外表的颜色看起来好看/
21、难看”如：The traffic accident made him look bad.难点：look fine/ well指看起来身体健康如：You look better today than yesterday.你今天看上去比昨天好多了。3. It makes me want to join a clean-up campaign.这让我想加入一次清扫大运动。疑点：注意join的用法：(1)join加入军队，政党，组织等，成为其中一员。如：The next year he joined the union.第二年他加入了工会。(2)join加入某人，并一起进行某项活动。如：She joi
22、ned her husband in his study.她与她的丈夫一块从事他的研究。难点：与join意思相近的短语take part in也表示“参加”，take an active part in积极参加。它侧重于参加某项活动或运动。 如：Do you take an active part in sports？你积极参加体育活动吗？4. For instance，they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.例如，他们能够帮你比较两种不同的产
23、品，以至于你能买到你真正需要的那个。疑点：for instance相当于for example 意思为“例如”如：He likes all kinds of sports， for instance he likes playing soccer very much.难点：句中的compare意为“比较，对照”，可以构成短语compare.with.把与相比，compare.to.把比作If we compare French schools with British schools，we will find manydifferences.如果我们把法国的学校与英国的学校相比，会发现许多不同
24、之处。如：The poet compares the woman he loves to a rose.这位诗人把他所钟情的女人比作玫瑰花。5. If you think flowers are too feminine a gift for a man to receive，you can consider giving a plant instead.如果你认为鲜花对一位男士来说太女性化而不好接受，你可以考虑送一种植物。疑点：consider doing sth. 考虑做某事如：Im considering changing my job.我正在考虑换工作。难点：consider还可以加t
25、hat从句，表示“考虑到”；还可以组成短语consider sb. +n/adj， 表示“把看作/认为”如：If you consider that shes only been studying English for six months，she speaks it well. 如果考虑到她学英语才六个月，那么她讲英语讲得的确不错了。Do you consider her suitable for the job？你认为她做这工作合适吗？二、重点讲解1. Rainy days make me sad.雨天使人沮丧。 make的用法(1)make+n.make food 做饭make a p
26、lane做飞机make the bed 铺床 make money 赚钱 make sb./sth.+adj.使某人(感到)，使处于某种状态(2)make的宾语之后可跟名词、形容词、分词来充当宾语的补足语1)名词作make的宾语补足语The party made her a good teacher.党把她培养成为一名好教师.2)形容词作make的宾语补足语如：Soccer makes me crazy.足球使我疯狂。The soft music makes Tina sleepy.轻柔的音乐使Tina快睡着了。Waiting for her made me angry.我很生气一直等着她。可
27、用到的形容词有：happy，pleased，surprised，angry，annoyed，sad，upset，unhappy，worried，anxious，excited，relaxed，stressed out，tense，calm，scared，comfortable，sick3)分词作make的宾语补足语如I made myself understood by all the students.You must make yourself respected.(3). make sb./sth.+do使某人做某事(不能带不定式符号to) 如：Wars make the peace g
28、o away.战争使和平远离。 注意：当make用于被动语态时，必须带不定式符号to. 如：We were made to work all night.我们被迫日夜工作。(4). make it习惯用语，及时赶到，到达目的地 如：I just made it to my class.(Unit 9)我恰好赶到班级。(arrived in time)(5). make of /from./out of make of 原材料制成成品后，原材料未经任何化学变化，仍保持原有性质. 如：The chair is made of wood.make from当原材料制成成品后，经过了化学变化，失去了原
29、有性质.(6).make up of 常用于被动结构：be made up of相当于consist of(由组成)make up from 由.所制造。如：A car is made up of many different parts.She wore a necklace made up from gold coins.她戴着一串由金币制成的项链2.but dont really tell you anything about the quality of the product.但没有真 正告诉你有关产品质量的任何问题。tell sb. about sth.“告诉某人有关某事”，tel
30、l sb. sth.“告诉某人某事”。如：The granny told us about a thief breaking into her house.Tell me where you live.告诉我你住在哪儿。？3. They also have to know how to make money.他们还必须知道如何赚钱。(1)know how to do 其中的不定式带有疑问词。know what to do 知道做什么。这一句式可以改为复合句，上句也可为：They also have to know how they can make money.又如：Please tell m
31、e when we should leave. =Please tell me when to leave.请告诉我什么时候离开。(2)make money/earn money挣钱 如：His father makes /earns a lot of money as a pilot.他父亲当飞机驾驶员挣钱很多。4. However，some advertising can be confusing or misleading.然而，一些广告会混淆或误导你。(1)confuse v.使迷惑；confusing adj令人迷惑的；confusedadj.迷惑的，糊涂的 如：Waking up
32、in strange surroundings confused her.她醒来时看到一片陌生的环境，这把她搞糊涂了。 The instructions are very confusing and I cant understand them.这些指示莫名其妙，我没有办法理解He gets confused easily.他很容易被弄糊涂。(2)mislead v.使某人想错/做错，误导；misleading adj.令人受误导的如：a misleading description/advertisement误导人的描述(广告)5. Be sure to follow your hosts
33、suggestions.务必要遵从主人的暗示或提议。(1)be sure to别忘了，记住如：Be sure to turn everything off before you go to bed.别忘了睡觉之前关上各样东西。(2)be sure to do一定会的，必定会发生的如：Its sure to rain.必定会下雨。(3)be sure of 对有把握。如：Hes sure of living to ninety.他对活到90岁很有信心。三、语法展示宾语补足语1.宾语补足语和宾语一起称为复合宾语，可作宾语补足语的有：名词，代词，形容词，副词，分词，不定式，介词短语，名词从句。如：(
34、1)We call him Jim.我们叫他吉姆。(2)Whom do you think of me？ 你以为我是谁？(3)Please keep the room clean.请保持室内清洁。(4)He found her out.他发现她出去了。(5)She found the book interesting.她认为这本书很有意思。(6)Youd better have your shoes mended.你还是请人把鞋补一补吧。(7)Make yourselves at home.不要受拘束。(8)We made him what he is.是我们使他成为现在这样。2.宾语补足语的
35、注意事项1)作宾语补足语的形容词应放在宾语后，若放在前则变成了定语。如：(1)We found the man honest.我们发现此人很诚实。(宾补)(2)We found the honest man.我们发现了这个诚实的人。(定语)2)在动词elect，choose，make之后用作补语的名词，若是表示“身份，职位”则不带冠词。如：They elected Li Lei monitor last week.上周他们选李雷当班长。3)有些动词后通常跟“to be+名词或形容词短语”作补语，但to be常省去。这些动词有：think，consider，believe，imagine，sup
36、pose，see，find，feel，etc.。如：He thinks himself (to be) a clever man. 他认为自己很聪明。4)复合宾语可变为宾语从句。如：We think her a nice woman.We think that she is a nice woman.我们认为她是个很好的人。5)动词let，make，have及感官动词后用不带to的不定式作补语，若变为被动语态，应将to加上。如：I saw tears come into her eyes.Tears were seen to come into her eyes.我看到她眼里含着泪。6)感官动
37、词后跟不带to的不定式或现在分词作补语，其区别在于不定式强调事实经过或动作已完成，而现在分词则强调当时情景或动作正在进行。请比较。如：I like to hear her sing.我喜欢听她唱歌。I heard her singing last night.昨晚我听到她在唱歌。Unit14一、疑点难点破解1. Have you turned off your radio？你关掉收音机了吗？疑点：turn off表示“切断、关上”之意，用于指切断电源、关上水管等。它的反义词是turn on。当关掉的东西是代词时，把代词放在中间。如：His mother told him to turn off
38、 TV and do his homework.他母亲叫他关掉电视去做作业。The tap is broken.If you want to save water，you must turn it off.难点：与此相关的短语还有turn up“开大声”，turn down“关小点声”。用法同turn off/on.如：It is too noisy. Please turn your radio down.I cant hear clearly. Would you please turn the tape up？2.In the past twelve months theyve had
39、three major concerts and made a hit CD.在过去的12个月里他们举行了3次大型演唱会，出了一盘火暴的CD。疑点：for/in the past/last twelve months/years/days/etc.常与现在完成时态连用。如(1)For the past few days he has been ill.几天来他一直生病。 (2)She has been ill for the last three days.这三个星期他在生病。 (3)In the past three years we have learned two thousand En
40、glish words.3年来我们学了2000个英语单词。难点：用于肯定句时，和以上短语连用的动词必须是延续性动作。如：He has had(而不是bought)the book for three years.他已经买这本书三年了。You have kept(不用borrow) the book for two weeks.你已经借这本书两个星期了。3. This program started in 1980 and so far has brought thousands of overseas Chinese students to China to look for their fa
41、miliesroots.这个项目是1980年开 始的，到目前为止已经帮助了几千名海外中国学生来中国寻根。疑点：so far意为“到目前为止”，相当于till now/up to now，可用于句首或句末，用作状语，表示范围、程度或距离，通常作为现在完成时的时间状语出现。 如：I have read many foreign stories so far.难点：so far as 意为“就而论”、“到程度”，表示程度、距离等。如：So far as I know，he has been to Beijing many times.据我所知，他已去过北京许多次了。4. Iagree with yo
42、u. 我同意你的看法。疑点agree with sb./sb.s idea/ sb.s view同意某人同意某人的观点、想法、主意。如：My mother doesnt agree with my father and me.我妈妈不同意我和爸爸的想法。难点：agree还有许多的用法(1)用于简短回答中“同意”或“赞成”。如：Chocolate is good for your health. Do you agree？ Yes，I agree./No，I dont agree.(2)agree to do sth同意去做某事。如：I agree to ask someone for help
43、.我同意向别人求助。(3)agree to sth赞成某个建议、安排等。如：He agreed to your suggestion.他赞成你的建议。(4)agree on sth. 在方面达成一致。如：We agree on a price for the car.我们就车价达成一致意见。(5)agree that+从句。如：Toms mother agree that he went on with his study.5.You have probably never heard of Amy Winterbourne.你大概从未听说过Amy Winterbourne.疑点：hear o
44、f/about听说，接名词、代词或动名词。如：I have never heard of the story before.难点：1)hear表示听说时，后面接宾语从句。如：I heard that his father died yesterday. 2)hear from=get/receive a letter from意为“收到的信”，“得到的消息”from后面加表示人的名词或代词如：How often do you hear from your father？你每隔多久收到你父亲的来信？6. The walls are made from old glass bottles that
45、 are glued together.墙是由胶合在一起的旧玻璃瓶做成的。疑点：be made from 意思是“由 制成”，但制成品不能看出原材料。如：Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头制成的。难点：be made还可以构成其他词组，注意区分。(1)be made of意为“由原材料制成”，主语为制成品，而且能看出原材料，of后面接表示原材料的名词如：This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉花做的。(2)be made in表示某一产品在某地生产或制造，in后面跟表示地点的名词。如：Trains are made in Zhuzhou.火车是株洲制造的。(3)be made by意为“由(谁)制造的”，by后面接动作的执行者。如：The desk was made by his brother.这张桌子是他弟弟做的。二、重点讲解1. Have you packed yet？你打包了吗？(1)这是一个现在完成时的句型，它是在两个时间上，一是过去，一是现在。它的动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响或结果，而这种影响和结果是说话人的兴趣所在，所以常常后面不用时间状语。Have/has+动词的过去分词，是它的基本结构。如：Someone has broken the door.有人把门打破了。(
