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1、必修一 Unit 1 FriendshipI Vocabularysurvey n./v. 调查，测验 make/conduct a survey“调查”近义词： research/search/investigate-investigation, look into“测试”近义词： quiz, exam, testadd vi./vt.add to 增添Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.addto 往添加She added some salt to the soup.add up (together) 合计Add
2、up these figures and you will see which is the right answer.add up to 加起来总和是It is reported that the number of visitors to the exhibition adds up to 15,000 every day.add that1. The visiting Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having added B
3、. to add C. adding D. added2. His whole income _ no more than 1000 yuan per month. A. added up to B. added to C. is added up D. addedupsetv. 使不安，搅乱，弄翻adj. 心烦意乱的（不用于名词前），（胃等）不舒服，（计划等）搅乱的，主语为不安因素The bad news upset him.近义词：uncomfortable, bother, annoyignore vt. 忽视，对不予理睬ignorance n. 无知 ignorant adj. 无知的
4、be ignorant of/about sb./sth. 对某人/某物不知道be in ignorance of sth 不知道某事近义词：neglectignore和be ignorantignore装作不知道，故意不理睬；be ignorant不知道，没意识到He ignores the doctors advice and goes on smoking.I was ignorant (of the fact) that the boss should be so strict.have got to=have to 1. have got to的否定为havent go to，hav
5、e to的否定为dont have to 2. 表一次性动作，两种可互换；表习惯性动作，尤其句中有always, often, sometimes等频率副词时，则应运用have to , 而不运用have got to，3. I usually have to get up at 6:00am.4. have to 可用于过去时和完成时结构中，且前面可加情态动词或助动词， have got to则不可。They didnt have to worry about money.习题：1Thats very kind of you. I wish _ give you so much troubl
6、e.A. havent to B. dont have got to C. mustnt D. didnt have to2. I usually _ get up before 5:00 am, to prepare breakfast for my family.A. need B. have to C. have got to D. havent to3. If you cant finish the work before Friday, you may _ work on the weekend.A. must B. have to C. have got to D. havent
7、tocalm adj. 平静的，沉着的近义词：still quiet(quite) silent(adj.)- silence(n.)calmdown 使平静下来concernvt. 担忧，涉及 n. 担心，关注，关系As far as be concerned就而言As far as I am concerned, the water is too cold.be concerned with与有关 He was very concerned with her.We are not concerned with that matterbe concerned for/about/over关心
8、She is concerned about your safety.as concerns=concerning关于concern oneself with/in 从事，参与concern oneself about/for因为担忧（关心）某人练习：1. As we all know, parents are concerned _ their childrens study, because it is concerned _their future.A. for; about B. about; for C. about; with D. with; about 2. _ English
9、 is concerned, he is first in our class.A. As B. As soon as C. As far as D. Now that3. The meeting was concerned _ reforms and everyone present was concerned _ their own interests.A. with; for B. with; with C. for; about D. about; withloose 松的反义词：tight紧的； firm坚定的，稳固的；stable稳定的； steady平稳的形近词辨析：lose 遗
10、失，沉溺于，使迷路be lost in埋头于，迷失在之中 lose ones way迷路go through经历, 检查，通过近义词：experience经历，体验； 扩展：live through度过，经受过 live on, 以为生；live with忍受，与同居get through通过，到达，接通电话 look through浏览，温习，从中显露 关于go的短语：go over温习，复习； go into走进；go off爆炸；go out出去，熄灭；go ahead继续向前走；go against违背；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go
11、down下降，下沉；go for为而去；go in进入；go on（时间）过去，继续，持续，发生；go round绕路； go together一起去；go up上升，攀登；go without没有1. The police _ the building hoping to catch the thief.A. looked for B. searched for C. found out D. went through2. A terrible noise _ the house and then we felt it shaking. A. went through B. went int
12、o C. looked into D. held intoGerman注意复数为Germansset down记下，放下(put down)，登记，解释认为，下车(get off)set out动身出发，着手做set off动身出发，引爆set up创办、树立、搭起；（found, build, construct, establish）set an example to sb=(set sb an example) 为某人树立了榜样；set forward提出，拨快（钟表）set sb free 释放，放走；set sail 扬帆起航；set about doing 着手，开始(做)练习：1
13、. She _ the VCD player on the table and went out.A. set out B. set up C. set down D. set on2. Students should form the habit of _ everything important in class. Which of the following cant be put in the blank? A. putting down B. taking down C. setting down D. tearing down3. I have _ everything that
14、happened, as I remember it. A. set down B. set up C. set out D. set offon purpose故意with the purpose of doing sth目的是for the purpose of与 with the purpose of辨析for the purpose of目的能否实现不知道； with the purpose of暗示目的能实现近义词辨析：aim ：从本义“靶子”引申而来，侧重比较具体而明确的目标，但常指短期目标。goal ：指经过考虑和选择，需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。purpose ：
15、普通用词，既指以坚决、审慎的行动去达到的目的，又指心中渴望要实际的目标。end ：指心目中怀着的某种目的，强调结果而非过程。较正式用词。target ：指射击的靶，军事攻击目标。引申指被攻击、批评或潮笑的目标。object ：强调个人或需求而决定的目标、目的。objective与object基本同义，但语义更广泛，指具体或很快能达到的目的，也可指军事目标。书面用词。近义短语：by design故意地反义短语：by chance, by accident,偶然地in order to与so as to的区别1. 都意为“为了”，in order to 一般用in order that加从句来替换
16、，可放句首；so as to 一般用so that加从句来替换，不可放在句首。He got up earlier in order to get to school on time. He got up earlier in order that he could get to school on time. He got up earlier so as to get to school on time. He got up earlier so that he could get to school on time. 2. 当这两个短语后的不定式动词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时，“in o
17、rder to，so as to +不定式”可以简化为“不定式to” In order to/To get to school on time, he got up earlier.3. in order to作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。习题：1. In order to make our city green, _A. it is necessary to have planted more treesB. many trees need to plantC. our city need more treesD. we must plant more trees2. _
18、 late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm clock.A. So as to sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having sleptthunder n. 雷；vi.打雷相关天气词汇：cloudy多云的，frost 霜，hail 冰雹，mist 雾，fog浓雾，shower 暴雨，storm, tempest暴风雨，lightning闪电，hurricane飓风，typhoon台风 ，breeze 微风，dew露水，humidity 潮湿，freeze冰冻entire adj.整体的, entirely ad
19、v. 整体地近义词：total，whole，allpower 能力，能量 powerful, powerfully, powerless, powerlesslyhave the power to do sth. / of doing sth. 近义词：energy(n.) 能量energetic(adj.)精力充沛的，积极的, privilege特权， right权力face to face面对面地；face-to-face adj.扩展：facial面部的；racial种族的 face (vt.) 面对 heart to heart坦诚地 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地
20、back to back背对背地 hand in hand手拉手地 arm in arm臂挽臂地 side by side并肩地 step by step逐步地相关短语：face up 面朝上 face down 正面朝下 face the truth 面对现实 face up to 大胆面向 face with 面对. no longer/ notany longer不再no more/notany more不再no longer / not. any longer修饰表示状态的持续动词(如wait, live, work等)。Dont wait any longerno more / no
21、t. any more通常修饰表示具体动作的瞬间动词(如go, stand, visit等)。We couldnt stand it any more.练习：1. Will you give this message to Mr White, please? Sorry, I cant. He _ . A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer work here C. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer settle ( vt. ) 安居，停留，( vt. )
22、 解决，安排近义词：solve重在得到答案；resolve重在解决问题；work outsuffer遭受，忍受，经历 suffering(n.)suffer，suffer from/with 遭受，患病suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等，但suffer from后接伤痛、疾病等引起的痛苦 suffer the result /heavy losses /injury/pain/defeat suffer from headache/illness/cold and hunger/a bad stomach 练习：1. _ such heavy pollution already, it ma
23、y now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Sufferedloneliness (n.)孤单，寂寞alone, lonely辨析1）alone可作副词或形容词；而lonely只能作形容词，在句中充当定语或表语。She watches TV when she is alone.For years Mary lived alone in New York.When his wife died, he was very lonely. 2）alone表示“（身体上的）
24、独自，孤单”；而lonely表示“（感情上的）孤单寂寞”，有时指“本人的意愿并非如此”，含有不愉快的意思。I am alone but I am not lonelyrecover(v.) 恢复，重新获得 recovery(n.)近义词：get over/come over相关短语：recover from形近词：discover发现，uncover发现，揭露；cover覆盖，包含 get/be tired of对厌烦tired, wore out, exhausted词义辨析tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣exhausted表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳
25、累过度而精疲力竭。The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.wore out这个词不太正式，多用于口语。get along (on) with 与相处，进展1 多用于进行时2 其后可用well, badly, nicely等修饰语He gets along/on well with his classmates.How are you getting on with your studies?disagree不同意 disagreement(n.) agree同意 agreement(n.)相关短语：agree with同意，与一致；(气候，食
26、物)适合. agree to赞成(提议、安排、计划等agree on对取得一致意见reach an agreement达成一致join in参加，加入join, join in, take part in, attend的辨析join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员，宾语通常为the army/party/team/clubI will never forget the day when I joined the Party.take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份作用，in后要加宾语We should take an active p
27、art in school activities.join in通常指参加某种活动，如竞赛，娱乐，游戏等，也可不加宾语Would you join me in a walk? attend多指参加会议，方式，婚礼，葬礼，典礼及上课，上学，听报告等。attend ones lecture/wedding练习：1. Were going to play basketball. Would you like to _ ?A. join B. join in C. attend D. take part in2. -Why didnt you _ my wedding yesterday?- I wa
28、s going to, but I had an unexpected guest at the very moment.A. join B. join in C. take part in D. attendII Warming Up1. not.until和untilluntil一般不放在句首，后面跟时间词连，not until可放句首，但主句要用倒装 He came back until midnight. Not until midnight did he came back home2. get sth doneget sb to do使某人做某事，相当于have/make sb.
29、do sth.You should get your friends to help you.get sth done使某事发生She got her coat washedget sb.doing使某人持续做某事He got the car running all the time.3. borrowfrom从借进 lendto把借出4while walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. while walking the dog=while you were walking the d
30、ogwhile或when引导的时间状语从句，主从句前后主语一致时，从句主语和be动词可省5 pay for, take, cost, takespend的主语必须是人：(1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。I spent two hours on this maths problem. (2) spend timemoney (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。They spent two years (in) building this bridge. (3) spend money for sth. 花钱买。His money
31、was spent for books. cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”，sth. costs (sb.) money/time,某物/做某事花了某人多少钱/时间A new computer costs a lot of money. 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 take的用法：It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。It took them three years to build this road. pay的基本用法是：(1) pay for为付款(2) pay (sb.) for 为付款给某人
32、I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.(3) pay sb money to do sth 付款让某人做某事(4) pay money back 还钱Ill pay it back next week.(5) pay off ones money还清钱。 6cheat (vt)欺骗; (n.)骗子相关短语：cheat sb (out) of sth从某人那里骗取某物A general builder was prosecuted for cheating an old man out of $2000.（NCE-3-53）c
33、heat sb into doing sth骗某人做某事The salesman cheated me into buying a fake. cheat,deceive,trick,fool辨析cheat：指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中欺骗人。deceive：指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。trick：指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。fool：指把别人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗别人。III Reading1. laugh at sb嘲笑某人 burst intolaughter2. What will he look like?What
34、 will he be like?How will he look?3. wonder (vt.) 想知道，对有怀疑1) 后接疑问词等引导的宾语从句I wonder why James is always late for school.2）Its a wonder that 意为“奇怪的是”。Its a wonder that she is still alive. 3）Its no wonder that 意为“难怪”。如： Its no wonder that they wont come. 4be crazy about 对做某事十分疯狂be crazy to do sth 疯狂做某事
35、be crazy for sth渴望某物be crazy for sb迷恋某人be crazy with因而发疯5. do with和deal with1) do with常与what连用，且不用于被动语态。2) deal with常与how连用，还可作“与交易”讲，不可用于被动语态。She knows well how to deal with children.6. It is(was) the first time that sb. have/had done with7Its no pleasure looking through these any longer8make no di
36、fference没有影响，不起作用 indifferent不重要的，中立的； indifference不重视，漠不关心9have trouble(difficulty, problem) with sth/ in doing sth单元练习巩固1. He _ the babysitter 600 yuan _ looking after his child. A. paid; off B. charged; for C. took; for D. paid; for2. The old man, who _ the World War II, is Peters grandfather. A.
37、 go through B. go out C. come out D. went through3. Students should _ everything important that their teachers give in class. A. set up B. set out C, set aside D. set down4. He _ my presence at the meeting, which made me sad. A. ignored B. was ignorant of C. noticed D. found5. As far as I am _, it i
38、s of no importance whether he will go or not. A. cheated B. concerned C. persuaded D. taught6. What he had said about the incident and done with it _ our trouble. A. added up to B. added to C. added up D. were added to7. Its Sunday today. Im glad I _ go to school. A. havent to B. dont have got to C.
39、 havent got to D. wont have got to8. He was disappointed that his plan did not _. A. go on B. go off C. go through D. go out9. The old lady is _ talking about her _ in the old days. A. often; suffering B. often; sufferings C. always; suffering D. always; sufferings10. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
