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1、高考英语一轮复习课件,新 课 标 版,人 民 教 育 出 版 社,高考一轮总复习,专题四 阅读理解专题学案1 细节理解题题 型 概 括阅读理解考查的主要题型有：细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断和词义猜测。另外,近几年还出现了一些新的题型,如七选五、任务型阅读理解等。细节理解题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题。要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。一般包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、排列顺序题等。细节理解题主要设问的方式有：,第三编 高 考 专 题,(1)Which of the following statements is True(Not True)?(2
2、)Which of the questions has not been mentioned(or discussed)in the passage?(3)What is the reason that.?(4)What do we know about.?(5)How did the people know the couples problem?(6)Why was the bike so important to the couple?考点1 直接信息题考点精讲在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who,what,when,where,why和how等提问。考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词,然后以
3、此为线索,运用略读的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定最佳答案。,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rackeven if you are only away for a minute.Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety.Its fast,easy,and free.Registration permanently r
4、ecords your serial number,which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.2012天津卷A篇36.Registration of your bicycle may help you_.A.find your stolen bicycleB.get your serial numberC.receive free repair servicesD.settle conflicts with walkers剖析 直接信息题。根据文中“.which is useful in the possible r
5、ecovery of the bike stolen.”可知选A。,第三编 高 考 专 题,对应训练1.Barditch High School decided to have an All-School Reunion.Over 450 people came to the event.There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park.Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days.Ms.Mab
6、el Yates,the English teacher for over fifty years,was wheeled to the Park.2012天津卷B篇What activity was organized for the school reunion?_A.Sightseeing in the park.B.A picnic on the school playground.C.Telling stories about past events.D.Graduates reports in the old building.,C,高考一轮总复习,考点2 间接信息题考点精讲 此类
7、细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”等手法来迷惑考生。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。典例剖析 On occasion,I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers.My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes
8、and ideas.Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in,第三编 高 考 专 题,the classroom,I have a ruleno laptops,iPads,phones,etc.When students were told my rule in advance of the class,some of them were not happy.2011北京卷 Some of the students in the hi
9、story class were unhappy with _.A.the course materialB.others misuse of technologyC.discussion topicsD.the authors class regulations剖析 间接信息题。根据文章中的I have a ruleno laptops,iPads,phones,etc.some of them were not happy.可知答案为D项。在这里我们需要把“rule”以及后面的some of them were not happy进行转换。,高考一轮总复习,对应训练2.To us,the
10、most important decision youll make is to choose the school that really fits you bestnot the one that is the most competitive(有竞争力的)or has the best equipped rooms.The author thinks you should choose the college that is_.A.well equipped B.competitiveC.suitable D.famous考点3 数字计算题考点精讲数字计算题是在文章中直接表现出细节事实,
11、有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意,然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。,C,第三编 高 考 专 题,典例剖析.According to the Coalitions studies,of over two hundred million people living in the United States,up to three million are homelessand the number is still growing.2011辽宁卷D篇 How many peopl
12、e are homeless in the U.S.according to the Coalitions studies?_A.39%of the population.B.200 million people.C.About 3 million people.D.About one-fifth of the population.剖析 细节理解题。根据文中“.up to three million are homeless.”可知,文中信息与C项一致。,高考一轮总复习,对应训练3.Shakespeares Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeares
13、WorldOPENING TIMES:20 Mar.to 19 Oct.Mon to Sat:9:00 am to 5:00 pmSun:9:30 am to 5:00 pm20 Oct to 19 MarMon to Sat:9:30 am to 4:00 pmSun:10:00 am to 4:00 pmADMISSION:Adult 4.90Child 2.20Family 12.0(2 adults+up to 3 children),第三编 高 考 专 题,How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two
14、children?_ 2010宁夏海南卷A.$9.80.B.$12.00.C.$14.20.D.$16.40.考点4 排列顺序题考点精讲这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”,即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。典例剖析 The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮)and sends them to a compu
15、ter.The computer interpretsthe signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.,B,高考一轮总复习,The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.2011山东卷D篇 Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph
16、5?_A.scalp computer cap wheelchairB.computer cap scalp wheelchairC.scalp cap computer wheelchairD.cap computer scalp wheelchair剖析 细节理解题。根据文中This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮)and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.可知
17、这种特殊的帽子接受来自头皮的指令,然后传达给计算机,最后把指令传给轮椅。故选C项。,第三编 高 考 专 题,对应训练4.Vladivostok Daily News,the first newspaper to report that the ship was fired upon,said more than 500 rounds were shot at the ships bow and stern.The Russian border guards watched the ship sink for nearly 24 hours,and made no response to the
18、 crewmens cries for help,the report said.Sixteen sailors from New Star boarded two lifeboats,Russian crewmen saved one lifeboat.While the other,carrying seven Chinese and an Indonesian,was swallowed by waves.,高考一轮总复习,Which is the right order of the ship sinking?_a.New Star overturned and started sin
19、king.b.One lifeboat was swallowed by waves.c.Russian warship fired upon New Star.d.Sailors boarded two life boats.A.acbd B.bacdC.cadb D.dcab,返回目录,继续,C,第三编 高 考 专 题,学案2 主旨大意题题 型 概 括主旨大意题主要测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解,在快速阅读中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主旨、标题或目的设题。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结
20、,属于高层次题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。主旨大意题常见的出题形式：,高考一轮总复习,The main idea/key point of this passage is that_.The passage is mainly about_.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?_The best title/headline for
21、this passage is_.Which of the following is the best title?_What would be the best title for the text?_The title that best expresses the idea of this passage is _.考点1 根据主题句,确定主旨大意考点精讲(1)主题句在开头。主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义、点明主题的作用,它可以使读者一,第三编 高 考 专 题,开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨,而支撑句常伴有 for example/i.e./that is/first/se
22、cond/finally/once/another time/for one thing等词。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文、科技文献等大都采用这种格式,即先总述,后分述的叙事方法。(2)主题句在结尾。用归纳法写的文章,其结构是表述细节的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而结尾,所以结尾的句子起着总结归纳,画龙点睛的作用,多伴有so/therefore/thus/in short/as a result/that is why等词。(3)主题句在段落中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。,
23、高考一轮总复习,(4)无主题句有些文章和段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题,这就要求考生在阅读过程中,根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意。典例剖析(1)In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly,believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad;that it sets one
24、 person against another;that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.2008重庆卷E篇,第三编 高 考 专 题,71.What does this passage mainly talk about?A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.Opinions about competition are different among people.C.Competition is harmful to personal quality developmen
25、t.D.Failures are necessary experience in competition.剖析 文中第一句便提出了中心论点。故选B项。(2)My few minutes with Mr.Galbreath changed my life.Now I try to treat everyone with respect,no matter who I think they are,and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.2010年重庆卷A篇59.What is the message mainly e
26、xpressed in the story?A.We should learn to be generous.B.It is honorable to help those in need.C.People in high positions are not like what we expect.D.We should avoid judging people by their appearances.,高考一轮总复习,剖析 主旨大意题。该文主题句在篇末。根据文章最后一句Now I try to treat everyone with respect,no matter who I thin
27、k they are,and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.可知,作者想要表达的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选D项。对应训练1.Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever,even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across
28、 the country.In fact,according to an official report on youth violence,“In our country today,the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment,but the terrible reality of,第三编 高 考 专 题,violence”.Given that this is the case,why arent students taugh
29、t to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems,drive cars,or stay physically fit?2012浙江卷C篇This article is mainly about_.A.the lives of school childrenB.the cause of arguments in schoolsC.how to analyze youth violenceD.how to deal with school conflicts2.On the Internet,we can rea
30、d news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can.We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet.Whats more,we can go to school on the net,read a lot of books and even,D,高考一轮总复习,teach ourselves foreign languages.We also enjoy music,w
31、atch ball matches on the net and play computer games.With the help of the net,we can do shopping even without leaving our homes.The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.Whats the main idea of the passage?_A.Keep away from the Internet.B.Surf the net.C.The Internet is
32、playing an important part in our daily life.D.We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.3.The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past.The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year,but generally takes place in November or,C,第三编 高 考 专 题,December.It is well attended by
33、tourists,but even better attended by locals.During the opening ceremonies,after the official greetings from the government leaders,people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands,and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations
34、display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship.One following another,groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs.On
35、their knees in the sand,a group of women in long dark dresses,高考一轮总复习,dance with their hair:their long,dark,shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.2008江苏卷C篇This passage mainly tells readers_.A.what happens on the opening day of the Sahara FestivalB.how people ce
36、lebrate during the three-day Sahara FestivalC.what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara FestivalD.how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival,A,第三编 高 考 专 题,考点2 文章标题题考点精讲 标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组,短小明了,涵盖性强。做这类题目时,要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息,是某
37、一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们解题时要反复推敲,把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。典例剖析Too much TV-watching can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree,new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.2010辽宁卷C篇,高考一轮总复习,67.What would be the best title
38、 for this text?A.Computers or TelevisionB.Effects of Television on ChildrenC.Studies on TV and College EducationD.Television and Childrens Learning Habits剖析 主旨大意题。该文主题句在篇首。通读全文可知,文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影响。文章第一段第一句话是主题句,所以B项作为标题是最佳的。对应训练4.If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his
39、September 28 birthday with a big cake,there would be a lot of candles.Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.,第三编 高 考 专 题,.But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper und
40、erstanding of China.In the past two decades,the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently,the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language and culture.The main courses of Chines
41、e culture usually included Chinese art,history and philosophy(哲学).Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the,高考一轮总复习,drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.Students in the United States,at the same time,are racing to learn Chines
42、e.So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more t
43、han ever,and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker,he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West,even if his birthday is.2012辽宁卷C篇,第三编 高 考 专 题,What is the best title for the passage?_A.Forgotten Wisdom in AmericaB.Huge Fans of
44、the Chinese LanguageC.Chinese Culture for WesternersD.Old Thinker with a Big Future,返回目录,继续,D,高考一轮总复习,学案3 推理判断题题 型 概 括推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,作出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。做这类题时,考生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时,问句中都含有infer,imply,indicate
45、,suggest(推断,暗指)等词。推理判断题的常见提问形式：,第三编 高 考 专 题,(1)It can be inferred from the text that_.(2)From the text we know that_.(3)The story implies that_.(4)The writers attitude toward.is_.(5)The paragraph following the passage will most probably be_.(6)We may conclude from the passage that_.(7)The tone of th
46、e passage is_.考点1 细节推断题考点精讲要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析Peters died in 1984,and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.2012山东卷C篇71.What can we learn about Amos Peters?
47、_A.He is remembered for his love of animals.B.He donated$1,000 to build the bridge.C.He was a member of the City Council.D.He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.剖析 推理判断题。根据.a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the proje
48、ct.可以推断,Peters因为爱动物,倡导修建这座桥而被人们记住,故选A项。,第三编 高 考 专 题,考点2 因果推断题考点精讲要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。典例剖析.Although our situation was very bad,its difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at whats happening elsewhere.I watched a news report about floods in Northern India and th
49、ought,“We didnt have a straw hut(茅草房)that was swept away,and our house is still standing.Were lucky.”.2009四川卷B篇,高考一轮总复习,47.Why does the author say that they were lucky in the third paragraph?_A.Because her situation was not serious.B.Because many other places were flooded.C.Because she had been to N
50、orthern India.D.Because some others suffered even more.剖析 推理判断题。作者提到I watched a news report about floods in Northern India and thought,“We didnt have a straw hut(茅草房)that was swept away,and our house is still standing.Were lucky.”,从这两句话可以推断出作者说他们是幸运的原因了,故选D项。,第三编 高 考 专 题,考点3 人物性格、态度及观点判断题考点精讲 此题型考查考
