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1、高考英语一轮复习课件,新 课 标 版,人 民 教 育 出 版 社,高考一轮总复习,语法学案11 主谓一致和特殊句式考点1 主谓一致考点精讲1 就近一致原则(1)由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。(2)由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。典例剖析The basketball coach,as well as his team,_ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstandin
2、g performance.2012陕西卷A.were B.was C.is D.are,第二编 语 法 知 识,剖析 题干中主语the basketball coach后加as well as his team,谓语动词单复数形式应与the basketball coach保持一致,故排除A项和D项。根据语境after the match for their outstanding performance可知谓语动词的时态应为一般过去时,故选择B项。注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/n
3、o more than/besides/rather than名词”置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。对应训练1._ neither you nor I fit for the work?你和我都不适合这份工作吗?2.Henry,rather than Jane and John,_ for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。,Are,is responsible,高考一轮总复习,考点精讲2 意义一致原则下列几种形式作主语时,句子谓语用单数形式。由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现。“no/each/every/many
4、 a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语。非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语时,句子谓语用复数形式。典例剖析The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家来自武汉。,第二编 语 法 知 识,Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。注意:what引导的主语从句,谓语动词一般用
5、单数形式,若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。对应训练3.To go to bed early and to rise early_ a good habit.早睡早起是一个好的习惯。4.Whatever was left_ taken away.无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。5.What they need_ books.他们需要的是书。,is,was,are,高考一轮总复习,6.Persuading him to join us_ really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实难。考点2 强调考点精讲1 强调句型强调句的基本句型是“it is/was被强调的部分+that
6、/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。(1)强调人时可用who,强调其他任何部分都用that。It is only children who/that make such stupid mistakes.只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt come to school yesterday.是因为她妈妈病了,她昨天才没来上学的。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前,特殊疑问句的结构是“特殊疑问词is/wasitthat+其他部分?”。,seems,第二编 语 法 知 识,W
7、as it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street?你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗?Who was it that told you such a thing?究竟是谁告诉你这件事的?Why was it that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday?究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会?I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited.我只是想知道到底是什么事情使他那么兴奋。(3)not.until.句式的强调句型是“it is/was not
8、until.that.”。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析Was it by cutting down staff_ she saved the firm?No,it was by improving work efficiency.2012上海卷A.when B.what C.how D.that剖析 判断一个句子是否是强调句时,可去掉句中的it is/was和that,如
9、果剩下的部分在结构和意义上完整,那就是强调句。本题干是强调句的一般疑问句,句中被强调的部分是状语by cutting down staff,去掉句中的it was和that后,原句变为She saved the firm by cutting down staff.故选。对应训练把画线部分变成强调句的被强调部分,第二编 语 法 知 识,7.These poisonous products can cause the symptoms of the flu,such as headache and aching muscles._8.She was injured in the accident
10、 because she was driving very fast._9.What present have you bought for your son?_考点精讲2 用助动词强调谓语如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词,我们在该动词前加助动词do,does或did。,It is these poisonous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu,such as headache and aching muscles.,It was because she was driving very fast tha
11、t she was injured in the accident.,What present is it that you have bought for your son?,高考一轮总复习,Many of the films are from the USA,but we do give awards to films from other countries.许多电影来自于美国,但我们的确也给其他国家的影片颁奖。He did come to see you last Sunday,but you were out.他上周日的确来看过你,但是你出去了。对应训练10.In my opinio
12、n,Mr.White_ good to his students in his class at present.He is very strict in their study.A.does does B.does did C.does do D.did do11.What did she want to know,Tom?She wondered_ we could complete the experiment.A.when was it B.it was when thatC.it was when D.when it was that,C,D,第二编 语 法 知 识,12.How l
13、ong is it_ we last spent the holiday in the country together?A.before B.when C.since D.that考点3 倒装考点精讲1 完全倒装(1)there be主语.,此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替There seems to be something wrong with the machine.好像机器出了点问题。(2)here/there/now/then/thus不及物动词名词There goes the bell.Lets go into th
14、e lecture hall.铃响了,我们进入演讲大厅吧。Be quick！Here comes the bus.快点！公共汽车来了。,C,高考一轮总复习,(3)out/in/up/down/away/off/back/over不及物动词名词Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出来。Away flew the birds.鸟儿飞走了。(4)介词短语(表地点)不及物动词主语At the foot of the mountain lies a village.山脚下有一个村庄。(5)表语系动词主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)Present at the
15、 meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授,史密斯教授,还有许多其他客人。,第二编 语 法 知 识,(6)suchbe主语Such are the facts；no one can deny them.这些就是事实,没有人可以否认。典例剖析Such a great event_ that it attracted governments and people from across the world to Shanghai.A.was World Expo 2010B.World
16、 Expo 2010 wasC.had World Expo 2010 beenD.World Expo 2010 had been剖析 在such.that.结构中,当such置于句首时,句子要倒装,由此可以排除B、D两项；根据从句谓语动词的时态可知,A项正确。,高考一轮总复习,对应训练句型转换13.Two large portraits hang on the wall.=On the wall_.14.The plane flew away.=_.考点精讲2 部分倒装(1)so/neither/nor助动词/情态动词/系动词主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物)If Joes
17、wife doesnt go to the party,neither will he.如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会,他也不去。She has been to New York.So have I.她去过纽约,我也去过。注意：so表示“是的,确实”时,主谓语不倒装。,hang two large portraits,Away flew the plane.,第二编 语 法 知 识,It is too hot.So it is.天太热了。是啊,的确很热。(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时当not,never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,no
18、,nowhere,not only,not until,at no time,by no means,in no way等词或短语位于句首时。Not a single song did she sing at yesterdays party.在昨天的晚会上她一首歌也没有唱。At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.在任何情况下中国决不会第一个使用核武器。,高考一轮总复习,(3)在so/such.that.句型中,若so/such.提到句首时In such a hurry did he leave the offi
19、ce that he forgot to lock the door.他离开办公室时太匆忙了,结果忘了关门。(4)当“only状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.只有在我朋友来了之后,电脑才修好。(5)表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他时,句子要倒装。Much as I like it,Ill not buy it.尽管我很喜欢它,但我不会买。Pretty as she is,she is not proud.尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。,第二编 语 法 知 识,Try
20、as he would,he might fail again.尽管他还会试,但可能还会失败。(6)hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.等引导两个分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变。Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。The computer was used in teaching.As a result,not only was teachers energy saved,but students became mor
21、e interested in the lessons.2009全国卷电脑被应用于教学中,结果,不仅节省了老师的精力,学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(7)在省略if的虚拟条件句中(当条件从句中有were,had,should时),高考一轮总复习,Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.要是早复习了功课,你有可能就通过考试了。Should it not rain,we would go for a picnic tomorrow.要是明天不下雨,我们就可以去野餐了。典例剖析Only with the grea
22、test of luck_ to escape from the rising flood waters.2012上海卷A.managed she B.she managedC.did she manage D.she did manage剖析“only+状语”置于句首时,句子(主句)要部分倒装,故答案为C项。,第二编 语 法 知 识,对应训练15.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_ with each other.A.they had quarreled B.they have quarreledC.ha
23、ve they quarreled D.had they quarreled16.In no time_ smoke coming out of the house.A.did we see B.we sawC.are we seeing D.we see17.On no condition_ you are a Chinese,Dad told me before I went abroad.you should forget B.forget youC.shouldnt you forget D.should you forget,C,A,D,高考一轮总复习,考点4 省略考点精讲1 状语从
24、句中的省略在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语有be动词,而主语又与主句主语一致或主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。Unless(I am)invited,I wont go to the party.除非被邀请,否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。When(you are)working,you must pay attention.上班时,你必须全神贯注。Get up early tomorrow;if not(if you dont get up early),you w
25、ill miss the first bus.明天早点起床,如果不的话,你会错过早班车。,第二编 语 法 知 识,典例剖析Film has a much shorter history,especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.2012新课标全国卷A.having compared to B.comparing toC.compare to D.compared to剖析 compare与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词,故答案为D。分词作状语时,可以根据题意在其前加上when,if等连词。本句实际上是when it i
26、s compared to such art forms as music and painting的省略。对应训练将下列句子中省略的部分补全,高考一轮总复习,18.He was determined to carry out the plan,whatever the cost._19.When split,an atom can release energy._20.They were scolded whenever late for school._考点精讲2 答语中的省略Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分
27、别等于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。Do you think it will rain?I hope not(that it will not rain).你认为会下雨吗?我希望不下。,He was determined to carry out the plan,whatever the cost（was).,When(it is)split,an atom can release energy.,They were scolded whenever（they were)late for school.,第二编 语 法 知 识,Do you believe our team will win?
28、I guess so.你相信我们队会赢吗?我猜会赢。考点精讲3 不定式的省略单独使用不定式符号to,用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,to常在be afraid,glad,happy,want,prefer,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love等后边。Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.你愿意加入做游戏吗?我很高兴加入。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.我请他去看电影,但他不想去。,高考一轮总复习,注意：如果不定式中含有be,have,have been
29、,通常保留be,have和have been。Are you a sailor?你是海员吗?No,but I used to be.不,但我过去是。1.The city government is planning to build a factory to deal with the industry waste,but when and where to build it_.A.havent been decided B.arent decidedC.hadnt been decided D.hasnt been decided,D,第二编 语 法 知 识,2.Buying clothes
30、_ a hard job because the clothes a person likes_ not very often fit him or her.A.are；do B.is；does C.are；does D.is；do3.The exercises are extremely difficult,but half of the class _ them ahead of time.A.has already finished B.will finishC.have already finished D.finishes4.More than one high official_
31、by the police since the mayor was shot dead.A.has been questioned B.have been questionedC.was questioned D.were questioned5.The construction of the two new railway lines_ by now.A.has been completed B.have been completedC.has completed D.have completed,D,C,A,A,高考一轮总复习,6.Nowadays,a large number of wo
32、men,especially those who come from the countryside,_ in the clothing industry.A.is working B.works C.work D.worked7._ your brother or you to blame for the broken TV set?A.Be B.Are C.Is D.Were8._ made Daisy wild with joy?Her success in the A level exam this year.A.How was it that B.When was it thatC.
33、Why was it that D.What was it that9.After the whistle rang,the coach appeared in the field.Behind him_ the team wearing black and white suits.A.had B.walked C.was followed D.led,C,C,D,B,第二编 语 法 知 识,10.When people cut down big trees,new trees should be planted._,they will have no trees to cut down in
34、 the future.A.If not B.If so C.If no so D.If dont11.They landed safely on the island in the Pacific.Everything went on better than_.A.expected B.expecting C.expectation D.to expect12.Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _ having a holiday abroad.2012辽宁卷A.he had considered B.had he cons
35、ideredC.he considered D.did he consider13.Only after Mary read her composition the second time _ the spelling mistake.2012天津卷A.did she notice B.she noticedC.does she notice D.she has noticed,A,A,D,A,高考一轮总复习,14.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic_ Zheng He had sailed to E
36、ast Africa.2012重庆卷A.when B.that C.after D.since15.It was not until I came here_ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.2012湖南卷A.who B.that C.where D.before16.I dont know about you,but Im sick and tired of this weather.2012山东卷 _.I cant stand all this rain.A.I dont care B.Its hard to sayC.So am I D.I hope not,B,B,C,第二编 语 法 知 识,17.Hot_ the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.2012陕西卷A.although B.as C.while D.however,返回目录,继续,B,
