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1、历年考研英一阅读理解真题 历年考研英一阅读理解真题1Text 1In the 20XX film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the yea
2、rs from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Clines three-year indictment of “
3、fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,HM, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels enco
4、urage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they dont advertise that and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry
5、long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For HM to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive
6、amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 bi
7、llion garments a year about 64 items per person and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 20XX has made all of her own clothes and beautifully. But as Cline is th
8、e first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example cant be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment including HM, with its green Conscious Collection line Cline believes lasting change can only be e
9、ffected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for herA poor bargaining skill.B insens
10、itivity to fashion.C obsession with high fashion.D lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers toA combat unnecessary waste.B shut out the feverish fashion world.C resist the influence of advertisements.D shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictme
11、nt” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning toA accusation.B enthusiasm.C indifference.D tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?A Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.C People are more interested in unaf
12、fordable garments.D Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.B Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D Exposure of a mass-market secret.历年考研英一阅读理解真题2Text 1Among the annoying challe
13、nges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, wi
14、th the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt t
15、o be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automa
16、tion should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be
17、 rethinking education and job training. Curriculums from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robo
18、ts. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading bu
19、siness dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new co
20、mpanies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This w
21、ould boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that ar
22、e coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?A Leading politicians.BLow-wage laborers.CRobot owners.DMiddle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the authors view?A Worries about automatio
23、n are in fact groundless.BOptimists opinions on new tech find little support.CIssues arising from automation need to be tackledDNegative consequences of new tech can be avoided23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis onA creative potential.Bjob-hunting skills.Cindividual needs.
24、Dcooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed atA encouraging the development of automation.Bincreasing the return on capital investment.Ceasing the hostility between rich and poor.Dpreventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem withA o
25、pposing views on it.Bpossible solutions to it.Cits alarming impacts.Dits major variations.历年考研英一阅读理解真题3TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have for
26、ced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against mona
27、rchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embody a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, th
28、e Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a no
29、n-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty
30、and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Pr
31、inces and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to su
32、rvive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle
33、 and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarch
34、ys worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of SpainAeased his relationship with his rivals.Bused to enjoy high public support.Cwas unpopular among European royals.Dended his reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostlyAto give voter
35、s more public figures to look up to.Bto achieve a balance between tradition and reality.Cowing to their undoubted and respectable status.Ddue to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?A The role of the nobility in modern democra
36、cies.B Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.C The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.D The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals have most to fear because CharlesAtakes a tough line on political issues.Bfails to change his lifestyle as advised.Ctakes
37、 republicans as his potential allies.Dfails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?ACarlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedBCharles, Anxious to Succeed to the ThroneCCharles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsDCarlos, a Lesson for All European Monar
38、chs21.Dended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies历年考研英一阅读理解真题4Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Al
39、an Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 20XX. For the most part， the response has been favorable， to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini， a sober-sided classical-music critic.O
40、ne of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise， however， is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini， who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times， calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the
41、 next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez， that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part， I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure， he performs
42、 an impressive variety of interesting compositions， but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall， or anywhere else， to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf， or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgo
43、ers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time， attention， and money of the art-loving public， classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses， dance troupes， theater companies， and museums， but also with the recorded perfo
44、rmances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap， available everywhere， and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover， they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of
45、 such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted： Alex Ross， a class
46、ical-music critic， has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different， more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succe
47、ed， they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of liv
