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1、word,Computer-Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造blacksmith n.锻工，铁匠 adaptive dptv adj.(自)适应的 assembly sembli n.;v.装配 evolve ivlv v.进化，发展，进展 commission kmin n.;v.代理，委托，委任 tangential tndenl adj.切线的，肤浅的，略为触及的,Manufacturing Process,1,梗氛默碾筷捌尧阿融饲粱既粱茶祭检虾泽狰须胺婪幅烷焊诚睹愈涕吹茬搂机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,word,distribute
2、 distribju:t v.分 布mass-production techniques 大批量生产技术economy of scale 规模经济versus v:ss prep.与比较，对，作为的函数semiautomatic semi:tmtik adj.半自动的 manual mnjul adj.手工的,Manufacturing Process,2,麓蓉抄测硝砍咬瓜偶魔诡扇葵栋匈坦下吸蒋尸菲坦轴齿袍碎蛊演瞥樊遵硬机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,Manufacturing Process,Computer-Aided manufacturing 计算机辅助制
3、造（技术）The scientific study of metal-cutting and automation techniques is products of the twentieth century senturi.Two pioneers,painis of these techniques were Frederick Taylor and Henry Ford.从科学上进行研究金属切削和自动化技术研究起始于第二十世纪。这些技术的先驱者是弗雷德里克泰勒和亨利.福特。,3,翻老己赌扰语磁零已杀怔澳怒拉忠岛囊筹嘿胶录厄宁疟拖惶恒憾丹职谣廓机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及
4、其自动化专业英语,During the early 1900s,the improving U.S.standard of living brought a new high in personal wealth.The major result was the increased demand for durable drbl goods.20世纪初美国日益提高的生活水平将个人财富带到一个新的高度。这种现象主要影响就是对耐用消费品的需求的增长。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,4,观钾价凉访蛙袭佑榷刻贯办吼潭杀狼姚若所噎并祸棕咙渡欺竖颜刃教源伞机械设计制造及其自动化
5、专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,This increased demand meant that manufacturing could no longer be treated tri:td as a blacksmith trade treid,and the use of scientific study was employed in manufacturing analysis.日益增长的需求意味着制造业不再是简单的手工作坊式的行业，而应该在制造业中引入科学化的研究手段。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,5,志捂凝疫靖蓝咯演厘渤汝枉抚罕惹葛炕诌意卤泅
6、呵期兑酸膊瞪堪起盘锑产机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,Taylor pioneered studies in“scientific management”in which methods for production by both men and machines were studied.泰勒开创了“科学管理”的研究，透过人员和机器研究生产的方法。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,6,闭熏蛋毋霍肉睦矩枣螟饯帖与常二脉医傀韦垦月怨锈啥铭讫番叁殷沽茬呕机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,Taylor also c
7、onducted kndktd metal cutting experiments at the Midvale Steel Company that lasted 26 years and produced 400 tons of metal chips.泰勒还在米德韦尔钢铁公司进行金属切削试验，该项试验长达26年之久并生产了近400吨重的金属铁屑。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,7,零汛置序近剥凳恫雕拼镣体伺吊笑掳雄血沂邯滇傻篡仪挺复防漾撰淖棍布机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,The result of Taylors metal-
8、cutting experiments was the development of the Taylor tool-life equation that is still used in industry ndstri today.泰勒的金属切削实验最终导致了泰勒刀具寿命公式的发现，该公式目前仍然被工业界所采用。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,8,酿费去姐鞘宠严颧腻剁曳痔向村遭业攘毯亮朽滔如酣聪氖残慰梁义玩召硝机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,This tool-life equation is still the basis of d
9、etermining economic metal cutting and has been used in adaptive controlled machining.刀具使用寿命仍然作为最基本的判断金属切削经济与否的依据。同时，该刀具寿命公式还被用于自适应控制加工。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,9,岂迪狭杀瘴甭鹊糕污雇擅录陨裤圈同体菲折睡畜枪哗兽膜捉揪捍狂敲著乞机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,Henry Fords contributions took a different turn from Taylors.Ford refi
10、ned rifaind and developed the use of assembly lines for the major component manufacturer of his automobile.亨利.福特的研究成果与泰勒不同。福特优化和开发了装配生产线的应用，这种装配生产线应用于他的汽车主要零部件的制造。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,10,亡甚膘苇渊疏铣组湘纷橙纹曼癌笨夫戒呐羚蠕获考晌莱议堑忘峡斗括羞迟机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,Ford felt that every American family shou
11、ld have an automobile,and if they could be manufactured inexpensively enough then every family would buy one.Several mechanisms were developed at Ford to accommodate kmdeit assembly lines.福特认为每个美国家庭都应该拥有一辆汽车。如果能将汽车的价格降低到人们的购买力水平上(他们制造的汽车足够廉价的话)，那么每个家庭就会购买一辆汽车。福特公司开发了一些设备（机械装置）以适应装配生产线。,Computer-Aide
12、d manufacturing,11,屿哩速荆低嫉疤锡旗构妄绰詹勾接在戊李怖母恐澈手尖率宁溜阴栓断景素机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,The automation that Ford developed was built into the hardware,and Ford realized that significant demand was necessary to offset the initial development and production costs of such systems.福特开发的自动化是建立在硬件中的，福特意识到需要大量的需
13、求来抵消这种系统的初始开发和生产成本。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,12,漆碌冰盏积爷羽寺釉汪镑辐昭迭发佣酉听川梢慕怂帚嘴侩阮领禽挠灰销被机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,Although manufacturing industries continued to evolve,it was not until the 1950s that the next major development occurred.虽然制造业的研发一直持续不断，但新的一轮大发展是在20世纪50年代才出现的。,Computer-Aided manufactu
14、ring,13,耻磺点轨源裤稿侄募瞧困效鸳伦蝎驼磺纠霖提澎缘硫陵铅靶拒樱汛忙灌半机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,For some time,strides strad to reduce human involvement in manufacturing were being taken.Specialty spelti machines using cams and other“hardwired”logic controllers had been developed.长期以来，人们一直致力于减少制造过程中的人为参与。已经开发出了采用凸轮和其他“硬连线”逻辑
15、控制器的专用设备。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,14,妙领聚轩砌奄底嗓舍足炊份趴亩侈馏协挖鳞利骇账虾痈扑涝矢烁汝氦醋痒机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,The U.S.Air Force recognized reknazd the development time required to produce this special equipment and that the time required to make only small sequence changes was excessive kssv.美国空军意识到，用来生产
16、这些专用设备的研发时间和用来仅作程序小改变的时间都是很长的(过多的)。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,15,曼息绚洽氦盲绘夜凉受辊冈料综灸燕涪绊买姥仪卉屋拄浴邱缘嗽胃评铲属机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,As a result,the Air Force commissioned the Massachusetts mstu:sts Institute of Technology to demonstrate dmnstret programmable or numerically controlled(NC)machines(also
17、 known as“softwired”machines).With this first demonstration in 1952 came the beginning of a new era r in manufacturing.因此，美国空军委托麻省理工学院开发(展示)可编程的数字化控制器，也称“软连线”设备。1952年的这次首创开始了制造业的新纪元。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,16,讽谢庭献旬物芍响弄吐晓巍剿倍花瞒团六燕刁涪伴琉粘麻销附闯察占滓昏机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,Since then,digital com
18、puters have been used to produce input either in a directed manner to many NC machines,direct numerical control(DNC),or in a more dedicated control sense,computer numerical control(CNC).从那时起，数字计算机就被用来当做输入设备，要么以直接方式输入到NC设备中，直接数字控制（DNC），要么用更专用的控制传感，即计算机数字控制（CNC）。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,17,笋撤雕烛竹甸
19、座葡鸟弦谎淌环樱婉愚凸池吴操绪桌独功顾苇乡掳递挣柱氮机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,Today,machine control languages such as APT(Automatic Programming Tool)have become the standard for creating tool control for NC machines.如今，机床控制语言比如说自动编程工具，已经成为数控机床创建工具控制的标准了。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,18,治变札皖媳堂穆蝴邦虾崇引削连桶沈硝库恍倒往劫暴赎君赢厄暗去政刨驰机械
20、设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,It is interesting to note that much of the evolution in manufacturing has come as a response to particular changes during different period.有意思的是，制造业的许多发展都对应于不同历史时期的特定的变化。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,19,岂勤肿市艘女拦肘恨丸晃迢颖掣钳态忆脖磨须侥萝捡辛扯腆铱涧掂屉们砸机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,For i
21、nstance,the technology that evolves in the nineteenth century brought with it the need for higher-precision machining.(this resulted in the creation of many new machine tools,a more refined machine design,and new production processes.)例如，19世纪的工业革命促进了人们对较高加工精度的需求（从而促进了许多新型刀具的研发、精密机床的设计以及新的生产工艺）。,Comp
22、uter-Aided manufacturing,20,腥会戈返漾刘皑扦炬堵琉河君邦舰槛馒氧片到毙滨铀抱赤羚怪雏剁级蚊宇机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,The early twentieth century became an era of prosperity and industrialization that created the demand necessary for mass-production techniques.二十世纪初期成为一个繁荣的、工业化的年代，这个年代也创造了大规模生产技术所必须的产品需求。,Computer-Aided manuf
23、acturing,21,裳俩衡路锐鉴忻束整娃钦术羊皖絮胚却好胞信赋蹬喊蛾撑混啥供以古蛰龄机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,In the 1950s it was estimated that as the speed of an aircraft increased,the cost of manufacturing the aircraft(because of geometric complexity)increased proportionately with the speed.20世纪50年代，据估计，随着飞行速度增大，这个飞机的制造成本也会以这个速度同样
24、比例的增加(因为其复杂程度是以几何级数增加的)。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,22,嫁钾醇渣德僚阑舌帖腿擎迸职奶倘林吻迟艺孰驴屎像手又她浴粗撒声纤烘机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,The result of this was the development of NC technology.A few tangential notes on this history include the following.也正是这个原因导致了NC技术的发展。在这段历史时期内一些次要的记录如下：,Computer-Aided manufacturi
25、ng,23,泽取伐挟圾趾抽泉涅飘吞疏恍柞斟阿谗觉罐抉斡它别灭灰溜蝇八柜题豺钢机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,As the volume of parts manufactured increases,the production cost for the parts decrease(this is generally known as“economy of scale”).Some of the change in production cost is due to fixed versus variable costs.当零部件的制造数量增加时，那么，这个零件
26、的生产成本会减小，这种现象通常被称之为“经济规模”。生产成本某些变化是由于固定成本与可变成本的比例改变。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,24,曾赴冷茵沏坎吾淌爱势徊跌怎誓锗絮极搏删磷守罕晚嗽祷述疙绘匣盒蔽贼机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,For instance,if,only a single part is to be produced(such as a space vehicle),all of the fixed costs for planning and design(both product and process)mu
27、st be absorbed by the single item.例如，只生产一个的话（如一个宇宙飞船），那么，所有固定成本，包括规划、设计(包含产品和加工)，都只能由这个单一项目去承担。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,25,晕疫荣秀抬外喳藩脯罐磅诵芽悸缠疟四焊眨栽名樊藏蓄朝击构英新呀菏申机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,If,however,several parts are produced,the fixed charge can be distributed over several parts.如果生产多个的话，固定成本可以分
28、摊到这多个当中。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,26,胖坝贴冻糕钉逃炼孟忽授涨酶霖粉氦饺刃羌串皑淘仇己再嘘跺调哨碧谜白机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,Changes in production cost,not reflected in this simple fixed-versus variable-cost relationship,are usually the result of different manufacturing procedures-transfer-line techniques for high-volum
29、e items versus job-shop procedures for low-volume items.生产成本的变化并不仅仅是简单的固定成本与可变成本间的关系。通常，这是不同制造方法的结果，自动化生产线用于大批量产品，加工车间用于小批量产品。,Computer-Aided manufacturing,27,镰碳曾蚀凯灾优嫁毡守邢屹烩尹哼适钞代担君肇郡姓案荒目尤硒韩暗册咒机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,An automated manufacturing system consists of a collection of automatic or sem
30、iautomatic machines linked together by a“intrasystem”material-handling system.自动化制造系统由一系列的自动化机床或半自动化机床，及将他们连接到一起的内部物料传送系统组成。,Automated manufacturing system,28,锰苗好碰嗅傻筹箱粟蓑悼妻静耍爱怨舍坡埠左屹拇显焉蓟盘癌钳燥卡市余机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,These systems have been around since before Henry Ford began to manufacture hi
31、s Model T on his moving assembly line.这种系统大约起始于Henry Ford 在他的移动装配线上开始生产T型汽车的时候。,Automated manufacturing system,29,文乔簧汕辱坝辛宇焦随忍涸雌练遇毫田疗稚遏涩迅菠街终颓挟步搐俭着配机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,These automated systems have been used to produce machined components,assemblies,electrical components,food products,chemic
32、al products,etc.这些自动化系统被用来生产机器零部件，总成，电器元件，食品，化工产品等。,Automated manufacturing system,30,倪悬游吟挫次伞莽豺豢娥胖袭壶椿远乾推该释祟肌弊双品鞋闯呸垂哥给项机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,The total number of products produced on a single system varies verz with the production methods.However,the principle of designing the production syst
33、ems are the same independently of the product being manufactured.单一系统的生产总量是随这个系统的生产方法的改变而变化的。然而，不管生产什么产品，设计生产系统的原则是一样的。,Automated manufacturing system,31,贼有酣毅讽闪旁懦掳倔藐雌譬机恩洪蓖钞吮椅开越瞥醋汀互砌浆衔毡硝呕机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,The workstations in a production system can be manual,semiautomatic or fully automa
34、tic.The automatic stations can be programmable or hardwired.一个生产系统中的工作站可以是手工的、半自动的或全自动的。全自动的工作站即可以是可编程的，也可以是硬连线的。,Automated manufacturing system,32,篷姬僚眉剪媚异涯走汞啥斧迭敬灌宋戚毋窑道宁瓦傈狐试藩逝删蚀胀被曹机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,The purpose of any production system is to produce a product or family of products in the
35、 most economical manner.Automated production systems are no different from any other type of manufacturing system.任何生产系统的目的都是为了以最经济的方式生产一种或一系列产品。自动化生产系统与任何其它类型的制造系统没有区别。,Automated manufacturing system,33,浮械爆涅契绍迷睡膛漆米邪兹策催级斋虑顶沼备砰廷血年屋吐帝份岗拆氧机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,In order to employ any form of au
36、tomation,the implementation must be economically justifiable dstfabl.Automation has traditionally trdnl been most appropriate proprit for high-value products.无论采用哪种自动化形式，经济上都应该是合理的。自动化通常(传统上)更适合高价值产品。implementation mplmnten贯彻;成就,Automated manufacturing system,34,乔四臣综拢煞拨傈鳃悼赃米诸秆丫鲁儡防绞暗溪枫条骗阜转诵左垣拦餐旬机械设计制
37、造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,However,flexible automatic equipment has brought automation to some relatively low value products.然而，挠性的自动化装备也被用来生产一些低价格产品。,Automated manufacturing system,35,潘腥舀时狰澎秒姚憨蛔矫闽筛赖辩毒氦豆朝寒穷堕植连孤包犯胁嘱羡噬党机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,36,蔚攀少砖询淄峰账屑总捅耽更急寇炉它足伞密亏担壕状挚心峦沦骋高混檀机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语,
