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1、-范文最新推荐- he Banking Crisis franklin delano roosevelt: first fireside chatthe banking crisismy friends:i want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the united states about banking - to talk with the comparatively few who understand the mechanics of banking, but more particularly with the overw
2、helming majority of you who use banks for the making of deposits and the drawing of checks.i want to tell you what has been done in the last few days, and why it was done, and what the next steps are going to be. i recognize that the many proclamations from state capitols and from washington, the le
3、gislation, the treasury regulations, and so forth, couched for the most part in banking and legal terms, out to be explained for the benefit of the average citizen. i owe this, in particular, because of the fortitude and the good temper with which everybody has accepted the inconvenience and hardshi
4、ps of the banking holiday. and i know that when you understand what we in washington have been about, i shall continue to have your cooperation as fully as i have had your sympathy and your help during the past week.first of all, let me state the simple fact that when you deposit money in a bank, th
5、e bank does not put the money into a safe deposit vault. it invests your money in many different forms of credit - in bonds, in commercial paper, in mortgages and in many other kinds of loans. in other words, the bank puts your money to work to keep the wheels of industry and of agriculture turning
6、around. a comparatively small part of the money that you put into the bank is kept in currency - an amount which in normal times is wholly sufficient to cover the cash needs of the average citizen. in other words, the total amount of all the currency in the country is only a comparatively small prop
7、ortion of the total deposits in all the banks of the country.what, then, happened during the last few days of february and the first few days of march? because of undermined confidence on the part of the public, there was a general rush by a large portion of our population to turn bank deposits into
8、 currency or gold - a rush so great that the soundest banks couldn't get enough currency to meet the demand. the reason for this was that on the spur of the moment it was, of course, impossible to sell perfectly sound assets of a bank and convert them into cash, except at panic prices far below
9、their real value. by the afternoon of march third, a week ago last friday, scarcely a bank in the country was open to do business. proclamations closing them, in whole or in part, had been issued by the governors in almost all the states. it was then that i issued the proclamation providing for the
10、national bank holiday, and this was the first step in the government¡¯s reconstruction of our financial and economic fabric.the second step, last thursday, was the legislation promptly and patriotically passed by the congress confirming my proclamation and broadening my powers so that it
11、became possible in view of the requirement of time to extend the holiday and lift the ban of that holiday gradually in the days to come. this law also gave authority to develop a program of rehabilitation of our banking facilities. and i want to tell our citizens in every part of the nation that the
12、 national congress - republicans and democrats alike - showed by this action a devotion to public welfare and a realization of the emergency and the necessity for speed that it is difficult to match in all our history.the third stage has been the series of regulations permitting the banks to continu
13、e their functions to take care of the distribution of food and household necessities and the payment of payrolls.this bank holiday, while resulting in many cases in great inconvenience, is affording us the opportunity to supply the currency necessary to meet the situation. remember that no sound ban
14、k is a dollar worse off than it was when it closed its doors last week. neither is any bank which may turn out not to be in a position for immediate opening. the new law allows the twelve federal reserve banks to issue additional currency on good assets and thus the banks that reopen will be able to
15、 meet every legitimate call. the new currency is being sent out by the bureau of engraving and printing in large volume to every part of the country. it is sound currency because it is backed by actual, good assets.another question you will ask is this: why are all the banks not to be reopened at th
16、e same time? the answer is simple and i know you will understand it: your government does not intend that the history of the past few years shall be repeated. we do not want and will not have another epidemic of bank failures.as a result, we start tomorrow, monday, with the opening of banks in the t
17、welve federal reserve bank cities - those banks, which on first examination by the treasury, have already been found to be all right. that will be followed on tuesday by the resumption of all other functions by banks already found to be sound in cities where there are recognized clearing houses. tha
18、t means about two hundred and fifty cities of the united states. in other words, we are moving as fast as the mechanics of the situation will allow us.on wednesday and succeeding days, banks in smaller places all through the country will resume business, subject, of course, to the government's p
19、hysical ability to complete its survey it is necessary that the reopening of banks be extended over a period in order to permit the banks to make applications for the necessary loans, to obtain currency needed to meet their requirements, and to enable the government to make common sense checkups.ple
20、ase let me make it clear to you that if your bank does not open the first day you are by no means justified in believing that it will not open. a bank that opens on one of the subsequent days is in exactly the same status as the bank that opens tomorrow.i know that many people are worrying about sta
21、te banks that are not members of the federal reserve system. there is no occasion for that worry. these banks can and will receive assistance from member banks and from the reconstruction finance corporation. and, of course, they are under the immediate control of the state banking authorities. thes
22、e state banks are following the same course as the national banks except that they get their licenses to resume business from the state authorities, and these authorities have been asked by the secretary of the treasury to permit their good banks to open up on the same schedule as the national banks
23、. and so i am confident that the state banking departments will be as careful as the national government in the policy relating to the opening of banks and will follow the same broad theory.it is possible that when the banks resume a very few people who have not recovered from their fear may again b
24、egin withdrawals. let me make it clear to you that the banks will take care of all needs, except, of course, the hysterical demands of hoarders, and it is my belief that hoarding during the past week has become an exceedingly unfashionable pastime in every part of our nation. it needs no prophet to
25、tell you that when the people find that they can get their money - that they can get it when they want it for all legitimate purposes - the phantom of fear will soon be laid. people will again be glad to have their money where it will be safely taken care of and where they can use it conveniently at
26、 any time. i can assure you, my friends, that it is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than it is to keep it under the mattress.the success of our whole national program depends, of course, on the cooperation of the public - on its intelligent support and its use of a reliable system.rememb
27、er that the essential accomplishment of the new legislation is that it makes it possible for banks more readily to convert their assets into cash than was the case before. more liberal provision has been made for banks to borrow on these assets at the reserve banks and more liberal provision has als
28、o been made for issuing currency on the security of these good assets. this currency is not fiat currency. it is issued only on adequate security, and every good bank has an abundance of such security.one more point before i close. there will be, of course, some banks unable to reopen without being
29、reorganized. the new law allows the government to assist in making these reorganizations quickly and effectively and even allows the government to subscribe to at least a part of any new capital that may be required.i hope you can see, my friends, from this essential recital of what your government
30、is doing that there is nothing complex, nothing radical in the process.we have had a bad banking situation. some of our bankers had shown themselves either incompetent or dishonest in their handling of the people¡¯s funds. they had used the money entrusted to them in speculations and unwi
31、se loans. this was, of course, not true in the vast majority of our banks, but it was true in enough of them to shock the people of the united states, for a time, into a sense of insecurity and to put them into a frame of mind where they did not differentiate, but seemed to assume that the acts of a
32、 comparative few had tainted them all. and so it became the government¡¯s job to straighten out this situation and do it as quickly as possible. and that job is being performed.i do not promise you that every bank will be reopened or that individual losses will not be suffered, but there
33、will be no losses that possibly could be avoided; and there would have been more and greater losses had we continued to drift. i can even promise you salvation for some, at least, of the sorely presses banks. we shall be engaged not merely in reopening sound banks but in the creation of more sound b
34、anks through reorganization.it has been wonderful to me to catch the note of confidence from all over the country. i can never be sufficiently grateful to the people for the loyal support that they have given me in their acceptance of the judgment that has dictated our course, even though all our pr
35、ocesses may not have seemed clear to them.after all, there is an element in the readjustment of our financial system more important than currency, more important than gold, and that is the confidence of the people themselves. confidence and courage are the essentials of success in carrying out our p
36、lan. you people must have faith; you must not be stampeded by rumors or guesses. let us unite in banishing fear. we have provided the machinery to restore our financial system, and it is up to you to support and make it work.it is your problem, my friends, your problem no less than it is mine.togeth
37、er we cannot fail. ladies and gentlemen, good morning! im very glad to stand here and give you a short speech. mans life is a process of growing up, actually im standing here is a growth. if a persons life must constituted by various choices, then i grow up along with these choices. once i hope i ca
38、n study in a college in future, however thats passed, as you know i come here, now i wonder what the future holds for me. when i come to this school, i told to myself: this my near future, all starts here. following i will learn to become a man, a integrated man, who has a fine body, can take on imp
39、ortant task, has independent thought, an open mind, intensive thought, has the ability to judge right and wrong, has a perfect job. once my teacher said :” you are not sewing, you are stylist; never forget which you should lay out to people is your thought, not craft.” i will put my personality with
40、 my interest and ability into my study, during these process i will combine learning with doing. if i can achieve this “future”, i think that i really grow up. and i deeply believe kindred, good-fellowship and love will perfection and happy in the future. how to say future? maybe its a nice wish. le
41、ts make up our minds, stick to it and surely well enjoy our life. 中文大意：） 女士们，先生们，上午好。我很高兴在这里为大家作一个简短的讲话。 人的一生是一个成长的过程，事实上，我现在站在这里也是一次成长。如果一个人的一生必须面临不同的选择，那么我就是伴随着这些选择成长起来的。曾经我盼望将来能上大学，然而那已经过去了，现在我在这儿，只想知道我的未来会是什么样的。 当我来到这所学校，我告诉我自己：我不久的将来都从这里开始。接着我要学习如何做人，如何做一个正直的人，并且拥有一个健康的体魄，能承担重要的任务，能独立思考，思想开放，心思
42、缜密，有判断是非的能力，有一份不错的工作。 我的老师曾经告诉我说：“你不是在修补而是在创造；永远不要忘记你向人们所展示的是你的思想，而不是你的手艺。”我会将我的性格，兴趣爱好和能力一起融入到学习中去。在这过程中，我边学习边实践。如果我能实现这个“未来”，我就认为我真的成长了。并且我深信我的亲人，好朋友以及爱会使我的未来更完美，更幸福。 如何来解释未来呢? 也许那只是一个美好的愿望。让我们下定决心，坚持到底，那我们的人生一定能过得很精彩。 我有一个梦：有一天，这个国家将站起来，并实现他的信条的真正含义：我们将捍卫这些不言而喻的真理，即所有人生来平等。我有一个梦：有一天在乔治亚洲红色的山丘上，从前
43、的奴隶的子孙们能和奴隶主的子孙们像兄弟一样坐在同一张桌旁；我有一个梦我的四个孩子有一天将生活在这样一个国度，在那里，人们不以肤色，而是以品格来评价他们。当自由的钟声响起的时候，当我们让它从每一个村庄，每一个州，每一个城市响起的时候 ，我们将能够加速这一天的到来。那是，上帝所有的孩子，无论黑人白人还是犹太人，异教徒。天主教徒，还是新教徒，他们都能够手挽手歌唱那古老的黑人圣歌：“终于自由了，终于自由了，感谢上帝，我们终于自由了！”help：creed： n.信条brotherhood : n.手足情意， 兄弟关系 四i have nothing to offer but blood, toil,
44、tears and sweat. we have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. we have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. you ask, what is our aim? i can answer in one word, it is victory. victory at all costsvictory in spite of all terrorsvictory, however long and hard the road may be,
45、 for without victory there is no survival. let that be realized, no survival for the british empire, no survival for all that british empire has stood for , no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall more forward toward his goal. i take up my task in buoyancy and hope. i f
46、eel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. i feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, “come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.”我能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、泪水和汗水。我们所面临的将是一场极为残酷的考验，我们面临的将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。你若问我们的目标是什么？我可以用一个词来概括，那就是胜利。不惜一
47、切代价去夺取胜利，不畏惧一切恐怖去夺取胜利，不论前路再长再苦也要多去胜利，因为没有胜利纠无法生存！我们必须意识到，没有胜利就没有大英帝国，没有胜利就没有大英帝国所象征的一切，没有胜利就没有多少世纪以来强烈的要求和冲动：人类应当向自己的目标迈进。此刻，我的精神振奋，满怀信心地承当起自己的人物。我确信，只要我们大家联合，我们的事业就不会挫败。此时此刻千钧一发之际，我觉得我有权要求各方面的支持。我要呼吁：“来吧，让我们群策努力，并肩迈进！”help：grievous: adj. 令人忧伤的buoyancy: n. 浮性 浮力 轻快 entitled： adj. 有资格的 五.my fellow am
48、ericans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. my fellow citizens of the world, ask not what america will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of men. finally whether you are citizens of america, or citizens of the world, ask of us here, the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. with a good conscience of our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking his blessing and his help, but knowing
