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1、现在完成时及其考点,头陂中学：李小明,现在完成时歌诀 完成时，很简单，have,has 再加done.I,you,we,they 用have，其他has把身现;否定not 加其后，疑问句里提向前。For与since把时间带，不用“现完”那才怪。强调完成有不同，yet，already添句中。yet否定，疑问现，already表示“已做完”。never，ever表经历，用在过去分词前，never本身表否定，ever“曾经”句意全,一、现在完成时的结构：,（助动词）have/has+过去分词,二、现在完成时的用法：.“完成法”：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,特征词：alr
2、eady、never、ever、just、yet、before、once，twice，three times，several times等。,.“未完成法”：表示动作或状态从过去已经开始，持续到现在并有可能延续到将来特征词：指一段时间时间状语：for一段时间；过去点时间 2008Since 时间段+ago five years ago 过去时间状语从句 up to present,up to now,up till now,so far,recently,lately,还有表一段的时间in the past few days/weeks/months/years(up to)these few
3、 days/weeks/months/years this morning/week/month/year all ones life,in/during the past/last 5 years,总结：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类：现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last+一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间
4、或时刻开始持续到现在的。现在完成时时常与“for+时间段或since+过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。,四、正确运用三种结构“have/has been to+地方”曾经到过某地方“have/has gone to+地点”去了某地已走远“have/has been in+地方”现在仍在某地方句的特点：句中常出现这些词：ever never once twice three times.I have ever been to America.He
5、 has been to shuanghai twice.,“have/has gone to+地点”去了某地已走远句的特点：句中的主语一定是第三人称，不可能是第一、二人称。而且会在前面一句有问句：如：Where s sb?They have gone to Beijing“have/has been in+地方”现在仍在某地方句的特点：句中的主语从某时起一直到现在还在这个地方。其后常带表示一段时间的状语。常用会有:for 与since I have been in this school for five years.,非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词、短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这
6、种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago;at 5 oclock;例:He died 5 years ago否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years.I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.,四、非延续性动词与现在完成时 1.现在完成时未完成用法只能用延续性动词。如果是非延续性动词，肯定句且句中有表示一段时间的状语(f
7、or,since)，需将非延续性动词变成延续性动词。My grandma has died.(a month)My grandma has been dead for a month.,2.非延续性动词转成延续性动词，有以下几种：用相应的延续性动词，如borrow-keep put on-wear buy-havecatch a cold have a cold marry be marriedget to know know break be brokenI bought a new computer a year ago.I have had a new computer for a ye
8、ar.He borrowed this book from her last week.He has kept this book since last week.,转换成“be+名词/介词”。如join the party-be a party memberjoin the army-be a soldier/be in the armygo to school-be a student/be at schoolHe joined the army 5 years ago.He has been a a soldier since 5 years ago.He has been in the
9、 army for 5 years.She went to school when she was four.She has been a student since she was four.,.转换成“be+形容词或副词”。如 open-be open close-be closed begin-be on finish/end-be over go/leave-be away move-be out of put on-be on die-be dead fall asleep-be asleep losebe lost come/arrivebe here/in come/get ba
10、ckbe backThe movie has been on for 30 minutes.The girl left school last week.The girl has been away from school since last week.,Exercises,His father has died.(for 2 years)The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)The twins have joined the army.(since they are 18years old)My teacher has just left N
11、anjing.(for 3 days),His father has been dead for 2 years.,The football match has been on since 9:00.,The twins have been soldiers/been in the army since they are 18years old.,My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days,1.这本书我借了一个月了。,I borrowed this book a month ago.,It is/has been a month since
12、 I borrowed the book.,I have kept the book for a month./since a month ago.,A month has passed since I borrowed the book.,四、中考考点：,考点一：考查基本概念 例如：Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _whats happened to him.knew.have known.must know.will know,简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影
13、响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。,重点句型:It is/has been+段时间+since从句 段时间+has passed+since从句他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years/since two years ago It is/has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died.,考点二：考查时间状语 例1.He has _ been to Shang
14、hai,has he?.already.never.ever.still 例2.Have you met Mr Li _？.just.ago.before.a moment ago 例3.The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.is writing.was writing.wrote.has written,例4.Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.has changed;well.changed;good.has changed;better.cha
15、nged;better 例5.Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.was;studying.will;study.has;studied.are;studying 例6.We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.know.had known.have known.knew 例7.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.will see.have seen.saw.see,考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别 例1.These farmers have
16、been to the United States.Really?When _ there?.will they go.did they go.do they go.have they gone 例2._ you _ your homework yet?Yes.I _ it a moment ago.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finished.Have;done;have finished.will;do;finish,简析：二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时
17、表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday,last week,a moment ago等）连用。故例、的正确答案皆为B。,B,B,考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法 例1.His father _ the Party since 1978.joined.has joined.was in.has been in 例2.Do you know him well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.were.have been.have become.have made 例3.How long have you _ he
18、re?About two e.arrived,例4.Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.has begun.had begun.has been on.began 例5.His uncle died two years ago.（改变句子，句意不变）His uncle has _ _ _ for two years 例6.Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _.例7.It _ ten years since he
19、left the army.is.has.will.was,D,B,A,C,been dead,joined ago,A,考点五：考查词组have/has been in/to与have/has gone to的区别 例1.Miss Green isnt in the office.she_ to the library.has gone.went.will go.has been 例2.My parents _ Shandong for ten years.have been in.have been to.have gone to.have been,简析：“have/has gone t
20、o+地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in+地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to+地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。,A,A,-Will you go shopping with me now?-Sorry,I cant.I _ my shirts.A wash B have washed C washed D am washing,How long have you _ the magazine?About a week.A found
21、 B borrowed C received D had_ you _ the film Harry Potter 5?Not yet.I will see it this SundayA Did,see B Are,seeingC Have,seen D Do,see,How is Ann?I _ her for a long time.A dont see B wont see C didnt see D havent seen(2008 河北)Hasnt Betty come yet?No,and I _ for her for nearly 2 hours.A wait B waite
22、d C have waited D had waited,Is Mr Baker at home?Sorry,he isnt in.He _ Dalian for vacation.A has gone to B went to C is going to D goes toMr Zhang is a teacher of rich experience.He _ English for 20 years.A has taught B will teach C teaches D taught,-How many times have you _ to Xian?-Three times.A
23、been B went C gone D goI wont forget my teacher because she _ so kind to me since I came to this school.A has been B will be C was D is,-I will return the book to Mary,but I cant find her anywhere.-she _ the teachers office.You can find her there.A has left B was away from C has gone to D has been t
24、o You have _ my dictionary for two weeks.Sorry,I will give it back to you right now.A lent B borrowed C kept,-_ you _ out the problem,Sam?-Not yet,but I am going to.A Did,work B Are,working C Have,worked D Will,work-What are you going to do this Saturday?-I _ yet.A haven decided B wont decide C am n
25、ot decided D didnt decide,How long _ the film _ when you got there?A has begun B had begun C has been on D had been onMr Green _ Beijing since three years ago.A has come to B went to C had lived in D has been in,当堂巩固,He _ our school for two weeks.(2008 青海）A left B has left C has been away from-My fa
26、ther _Shanghai with my(2008 常州)grandparents.-Really?_ will they come back?A has been to,How soon B has gone to,How soon C has been to,How long D has gone to,How long,当堂巩固,She _ that same song so many times.Im getting sick of it!(2008杭州)A sings B sang C will sing D has sung-Mike,you _ the magazine since last week.Can you return it now?-Sure.(2008 泉州）A borrowed B have borrowed C have kept,See you next time!,
