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1、语法专项提升动词的时态和语态,时态一般现在时(1)可表示客观真理、科学事实。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。,(2)可用在由if，unless引导的条件状语从句，由even/if/though引导的让步状语从句，由when，before，until/till，as soon as，the moment引导的时间状语从句，由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever，whoever等引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。Ill go with yo
2、u as soon as I finish it.我一做完，就与你一同去。Whatever you say，I will not change my mind.无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。,一般过去时表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。Your phone number again？I didnt quite catch it.再重述一下你的电话号码好吗？我没记下来。Its 9568686.是9568686。,一般将来时(1)“will动词原形”表示事物的固有属性与必然趋势。Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。(2)“be going t
3、o动词原形”可表示根据迹象对未来进行推断。Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.看那乌云，要下雨了。,(3)“be about to动词原形”表示立即的将来，很少与时间状语连用。The train is about to start.火车就要开了。(4)位移动词如come，go，arrive等，其一般现在时表按时间表将要发生的事，现在进行时可表计划、安排要做的事。I arrive in Beijing at 300 pm.tomorrow.明天下午三点我会到达北京。He is coming.他将要来。They are leaving for T
4、ibet.他们将要去西藏。,(5)be to 动词原形表示计划，安排。When are you to leave for New York?你计划什么时候去纽约？表示指令，相当于should。You are to report it to the police.你应该把这事报告给警察。表示“打算，想要”。If we are to be there before ten，well have to go now.若我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。,现在/过去进行时(1)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。I first met Lisa three years ago，she was wor
5、king at a shop then.我第一次遇见莉莎是在3年前，那时她正在一家商店工作。Hey，look where you are going!嘿，看看你往哪儿走！Oh，Im terribly sorry.I wasnt noticing.噢！非常抱歉！我没注意。,(2)表示反复出现的或习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情感，常与always，continually，constantly连用。He is always thinking of others first.(表赞赏)他总是先为别人着想。He is always making the same mistake.(表厌烦)他总
6、是犯同样的错误。,(3)表示动作的未完性、暂时性。I dont really work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不是在此工作，我只是在帮忙，新秘书来了我就走。(暂时性)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.选手机供个人使用不是一件容易事因为技术变化太快。(“变化”尚未完成),(4)表示按计划、安排要做的事。Ive won a holiday
7、 for two days to Florida.I am taking my mum.我获得了一次去佛罗里达度两天假的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。(计划)(5)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。Is this raincoat yours？这是你的雨衣吗？No，mine is hanging there behind the door.不是，我的在门后挂着呢。,现在完成时(1)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.除非我亲眼看到，我是不会相信你
8、的。Please dont get off the bus until it has stopped.车未停，请不要下车。,(2)It/This is/will be the first(last，second，third.)time that.和It/This is the best(worst，most interesting)n.that.结构的从句要求用现在完成时。This is the first time that Ive heard her sing.这是我第一次听她唱歌。Its the best film Ive ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。,过去完成时(
9、1)Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had.done.when；No sooner had.done.than.中从句用一般过去时。Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.我刚到家，天就下起了倾盆大雨。No sooner had we started than the car got a flat tyre.我们刚出发，轮胎就爆了。,(2)表示愿望、打算类的词，如hope，expect，mean，intend，want，think等，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had meant to help you，b
10、ut I was too busy at the moment.我本打算帮助你，但当时我太忙了。,现在完成进行时(1)表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。Ive been waiting for an hour but she still hasnt come.我已等了一个小时，但她还没有来。(2)表示动作刚刚结束(有时指出结果)。My clothes are wet.Ive been walking in the rain.我的衣服湿了，我一直走在雨中。,(3)表示重复(指断断续续，而非一直不停)。She has been phoning Jim every ni
11、ght for the past two weeks.两个星期以来她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。,语态被动语态使用要点不及物动词不能用于被动语态如appear，rise，die，happen，belong to，break out，take place等。Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)Great changes have taken place in my hometown.(正)我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。,表示状态的动词不用于被动语态如lack，fit，mean，hold，have，cost，contain，becom
12、e，last，possess，consist of，look like等。The book costs 10 yuan.这本书花了10元钱。Whats become of her？她怎么了？,主动形式表被动的几种情况(1)某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。The flower smells sweet.花闻起来很香。The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起来非常可口。,(2)在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，这些词后常有副词修饰。常用的这类动词有sell，re
13、ad，write，wear，wash，open，clean，cook，keep，cut，fill，blow，measure，lock，run，record，begin，shut等。This type of recorder sells well.这种型号的录音机销路很好。He doesnt photograph well.他不太上相。This kind of shirt cleans easily.这种衬衫容易洗干净。,(3)动名词主动形式表示被动意义通常是事物(也可以是人)作want，need,require，deserve等动词的主语时，表示事物(或人)客观上“需要”，用动名词一般式的主动
14、形式作宾语表示被动意义。若动名词是不及物的，后面还应有相应的介词。The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。这种用法还可把动名词改为动词不定式的被动形式来表被动。The children need to be looked after.,(4)在作表语的某些形容词(easy，difficult，light，heavy，fit，good，safe，comfortable，dangerous，pleasant等)后作状语用的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。She is easy to approach.她平易近人。The rock is hard to brea
15、k.这块岩石很难打碎。,不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不用to，但在被动语态中要带to。I saw her pass by the window.我看见她从窗边经过。She was seen to pass by the window.她被看见从窗边经过。,get(got)过去分词也可构成被动语态get常同marry，beat，break，damage，tear，strike，hurt，paint，invite，repair，dress等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态。John and Jane got marrie
16、d last month.上个月，约翰和简结婚了。They got caught in the storm.他们碰上暴风雨了。,1.(2009年安徽卷)Daniels family_their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.Aare enjoying Bare to enjoyCwill enjoy Dwill be enjoying【解析】句意为：丹尼尔一家人下个星期的这个时候肯定正在黄山度假。根据this time next week判断，选用将来进行时will be doing。【答案】D,2.(2009年辽宁卷)My parents
17、have promised to come to see me before I_for Africa.Ahave left BleaveCleft Dwill leave【解析】句意为：我父母已经答应在我去非洲之前来看我。不定式to come to see me表示的是将来动作，before引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时。【答案】B,3(2009年上海卷)During the period of recent terrorist activities，people_not to touch any unattended bag.Ahad always been warnedBwere al
18、ways being warnedCare always warningDalways warned【解析】句意为：在最近恐怖活动期间，人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包。be always doing sth.总是做某事，表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。人们是“被警告”，要用被动语态。【答案】B,4(2009年山东卷)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities_rising steadily since 1997.Ais BareChas been Dhave been【解析】句意为：在中国上大学的外国留学生
19、的数量自1997年以来稳步上升。“the number ofn.”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。【答案】C,5.(2009年江苏卷)Ann is in hospital.Oh，really？I_know.I_go and visit her.Adidnt；am going to Bdont；wouldCdont；will Ddidnt；will【解析】句意为：Ann在住院。哦，真的吗？我还不知道呢。我要去看望她。这里讲的I didnt know指的是在对方还没告知Ann在住院这件事之前，我不知道，所以用一般过去时；第二个空用will指的是事
20、先未经计划或安排的“意愿，打算”。【答案】D,6.(2009年江苏卷)Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry._.AIts repaired BIt has been repairedCIts being repaired DIt had been repaired【解析】句意为：嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗？真抱歉，电脑正在修理。该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修，需用现在进行时的被动语态。【答案】C,7(2009年浙江卷)What do you think of the movie?It
21、s fantastic.The only pity is that I_the beginning of it.Amissed Bhad missedCmiss Dwould miss【解析】句意为：你觉得这部电影怎么样？太棒了。唯一可惜的是，我错过了开头部分。错过开头部分对于现在而言是发生在过去的事情，故选A。【答案】A,8.(2009年全国卷)His sister left home in 1998，and_since.Ahad not been heard of Bhas not been heard ofChad not heard of Dhas not heard of【解析】句意
22、为：他妹妹在1998年离开家，从那以后就没了音讯。根据句意，指的是过去离开以后，到现在一直没音讯，故用现在完成时；hear of与his sister在本句中为被动关系，故用被动语态，所以选B。【答案】B,9.(2009年福建卷)According to the literary review，Shakespeare_his characters live through their language in his plays.Awill make Bhad madeCwas making Dmakes【解析】句意为：这篇文学评论说，莎士比亚使他剧中的人物通过语言鲜活起来。本句考查时态，当介绍
23、一种理论时，常用一般现在时。【答案】D,10(2009年辽宁卷)Excuse me，Marcia，a reporter from Vanity Fair_all day.Could you speak to her now?Aphones Bhas phonedChas been phoning Dphoned,【解析】句意为：打扰了，Marcia，一名Vanity Fair的记者打了一整天的电话。你现在可以接她的电话吗？根据句意和时间状语all day可知，此句需用现在完成进行时表示说话人的一种情感，如：不满，抱怨，责备等。注意，现在完成时表示到目前为止动作可能已经结束，侧重对现在产生的影响
24、或结果。【答案】C,1(2010届浙江嘉兴一中摸底测验)Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?Terry？Never！She_tents and fresh air!Ahas hated BhatedCwill hate Dhates【解析】结合题意可知此处应用一般现在时表示她的习惯，她讨厌帐篷和新鲜的空气。【答案】D,2(2010届安徽芜湖一中一模)Got your driving license?No.I_too busy to have enough practice，so I didnt take the driving t
25、est last week.Awas BamChave been Dhad been【解析】考查时态。根据句中so I didnt take the driving test last week可知说话人过去一直很忙而没有进行足够的练习，以至于没有参加上周的驾照考试。发生在过去的动作“take”之前，因此应该用过去完成时。【答案】D,3(2010届成都玉林中学月考)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he_from the university next year.Awill graduate Bwill have
26、graduatedCgraduates Dis to graduate【解析】考查时态。by the time引导的是时间状语从句，而本句的主句是将来时，所以从句用一般现在时表示将来。【答案】C,4(2010届甘肃天水一中段考)I_in London for many years，but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.Alived Bhave livedChad lived Dwas living【解析】“我在伦敦生活了很多年”只是对过去的一般叙述，过去的动作并没有对现在造成影响，故用一般过去时。【答案】
27、A,5(2010届苏州调研)Whats your opinion about my suggestion?Sorry，I_.Would you please say it again?Ahadnt listened Bwouldnt listenCwasnt listening Ddidnt listen【解析】考查时态。从本题的语境来看，说话人刚才没有在听对方的建议，因此，使用过去进行时，表示“听”的动作刚才没有在发生。【答案】C,6(2010届合肥检测)Although many measures_，the worlds economy is still going down.Awere
28、taken Bhave been takenCwill be taken Dare taken【解析】考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，所以用现在完成时；take与measures之间构成动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。【答案】B,7.(2010届福建检测)Since the beginning of the vacation，I_across the country，and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains.Ahad traveled Bwill travelChave been traveling Dwas traveling【解析】考
29、查动词的时态。该题的时间状语为since过去的时间点，结合后面的“my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains”可以看出这里应该用现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去。【答案】C,8(2010年东城检测)Right now the government is trying to control the number of people who_by H1N1 flu.Ahave been affected Bhave affectedCare affected Daffect【解析】考查动词的时态语态。句意为：政府正在试图控制感染H1N1流
30、感的人的数量。人们被感染流感，用sb.be affected by sth.结构，这里说的是现在的一般情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。【答案】C,9(2010年长春第一次调研)I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.Impossible.She_the Internet with me in my home then.Asurfed Bhad surfedCwould surf Dwas surfing【解析】考查时态。根据对话内容可知，昨天晚上九点时Lucy正在和我一起上网，因此用过去进行时。【答案
31、】D,10(2010年上海春招)The employees_that they should renew their contracts within a week.Aadvise Bhave advisedCare advised Dhad been advised【解析】考查动词的语态。语意：(公司)建议员工在一周内续签合同。根据语意，The employees与advise为动宾关系，所以应该用被动结构，故选C项。【答案】C,11(2010届抚顺一中第一次同步考试)With the help of high technologh，more and more new substances_
32、in the past years.Adiscovered Bhave discoveredChad been discovered Dhave been discovered【解析】考查时态和语态。由句中的时间状语in the past years可知，这里应用现在完成时；句子的主语new substances与discover之间为动宾关系，故选D项。【答案】D,12(2010届成都联考)Look！Everything here is under construction.Whats the pretty small house that_for?Ais being built Bhas
33、been builtCis built Dis building【解析】考查时态和语态。语意表明从句中用现在进行时，名词house是动词build的承受者，所以谓语用现在进行时的被动语态。第二句语意为：正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是用来做什么的？【答案】A,13(2010届江西高安中学月考)Did you have any trouble finding your way in Shanghai?Yes，I tried to find my way to the airport but_.Ahas been lost Bget lostClost Dgot lost【解析】前面的问句以及trie
34、d暗示时态应为一般过去时，因此选got lost。【答案】D,14(2010届皖南八校联考)Weve been told the good news，but when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation_yet.Aare not discussed Bhave not been discussedCis not being discussed Dhas not been discussed【解析】后一分句的主语为when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation，表示的是一件事，谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除A、B两项。根据句末的yet可知应该用完成时，即这件事还没有被讨论。【答案】D,15(2010年西安质量检测)We havent moved into the new office buildingit_right now.Ais decorating Bhas been decoratedCis being decorated Dhas been decorating【解析】考查动词时态、语态。根据题干中前面一句话的时态及后一句话中的时间状语right now可知，应用现在进行时；又依据语意可知，房子正在(被)装修，因此选C。【答案】C,
