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1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero纳尔逊曼德拉一位当代英雄,.单词盘点根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇1._（adj.）慷慨的；大方的2._(n.)法则；原则；原理3._(n.)舞台；阶段；时期4._(vt.&vi.)投票；选举(n.)投票；选票；表决,generous,principle,stage,vote,5._（vt.）进攻；攻击；抨击6._(vi.)逃脱；逃走；泄露7._(n.)意见；看法；主张8._(n.)质量；品质；性质_(n.)数量，量9._(adj.)积极的；活跃的_(adv.)积极地；活跃地 _(n.)活动10._(vt.)献身，专心于_(adj
2、.)忠实的；深爱的_(n.)关爱；献身，奉献；忠诚,attack,escape,opinion,quality,quantity,active,actively,activity,devote,devoted,devotion,11._（adj.）和平的；平静的；安宁的 _(adv.)_(n.)和平；平静；和睦12._(adj.)法律的；依照法律的_(反义词,adj.)非法的，违法的13._(n.)暴力；暴行_(adj.)暴力的，猛烈的14._(adj.)相等的；平等的_(n.)平等；相等 _(adv.)同样地；相等地；公平地,peaceful,peacefully,peace,legal,i
3、llegal,violence,violent,equal,equality,equally,15._(vt.)教育；训练_（adj.）受过教育的；有教养的 _(n.)教育 _(n.)教育工作者，教育家16._(vi.)请求；乞求_(n.)乞丐17._(n.)报酬；奖金（vt.）酬劳；奖赏 _(adj.)值得的；有益的；有回报的,educate,educated,education,educator,beg,beggar,reward,rewarding,【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空The old teacher _ all his life to _ his _ students a
4、nd he was admired for his _ to his _ cause.(devote;educate)All men are born _,so everyone hopes to be treated _ because _ is the basic demand.(equal),devoted,educating,devoted,devotion,education,equal,equally,equality,.短语回放1.失业_2.事实上_3.使充气，爆炸_4.在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中_5.愿意做某事_,out of work,as a matter of f
5、act,blow up,in trouble,be willing to do sth.,6.求助于；致力于_7.丧失勇气或信心_8.当权；上台_9.设立；建立_10.被判处（徒刑）_,turn to,lose heart,come to power,set up,be sentenced to,.句式扫描1._（这是的一段时期）one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.2._(近三十年目睹了)the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress.,this
6、was a time when,The last thirty years have seen,3.we have reached _（的阶段）we have almost no rights at all.4._（直到那时我们才决定）answer violence with violence.5.I felt bad _（第一次）I talked to a group.,a stage where,only then did we decide to,the first time,【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子only引导的倒装句仿写：只有用这种方法我们才能尽可能快地解决问题。Only i
7、n this way can we solve the problem as soon as possible.the first time 引导时间状语从句仿写：第一次听她演唱，我就被她美妙的嗓音打动了。I was touched by her beautiful voice the first time I listened to her singing.,1.devote vt.献身；专心于（1）devote oneself to献身，致力于，专心devote.to.把奉献给；把专用于（2）devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的be devoted to深爱，致力于（3）devotion
8、 n.关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚；献身,Her son，to whom she is so devoted，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small village.她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。His devotion to his wife and family is touching.他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。Im _ all my time and energy _ _ _ my son right now.目前我把所有的时间和精力都放在照顾儿子上。,devoting,to caring for,【
9、点津】在短语devote.to中to为介词，其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括：look forward to期盼；get down to 开始着手做；be/get/become/grow used(accustomed)to习惯于；lead to 导致；pay attention to 注意；object to反对。,2.equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的vt.等于；抵得上 n.同等的人；相等物be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任做某事A equals B in.A在方面比得上B/与B相匹敌without equal无与伦比,None of us can
10、equal her，either in beauty or as a dancer.不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。It is reasonable to demand equal pay for equal work.要求同工同酬是合理的。He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。Im not sure whether he _ _ _ the job.我不确定他是否能胜任这份工作。,is equal to,3.reward n.&vt.报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏（1）as a reward for作为（对某事的）报酬/奖赏in reward(for.)
11、作为（对的）报答，作为（对的）奖赏（2）reward sb.for sth./doing sth.为（做）某事而报答某人reward sb.with sth.用某物奖赏某人,You deserve a reward for being so helpful.你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。She got nothing _ _ _ her kindness.她的好心没有得到一点回报。,in reward for,【辨析】理解下列区别并选词
12、填空,奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似,意为“授予、颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.=award sth.to sb.,报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬,多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb.for(doing)sth.,Is this how you _ me for my help?She _ _ the best actress of 2011 for her perfect performance in the film.,rewarded,was awarded,4.in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中He foun
13、d himself really in trouble this time.他发现这一次他真的遇到麻烦了。,【拓展】ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦；自找苦吃have trouble(in)doing sth./with sth.在(做)某事方面有困难get into/out of trouble 陷入/摆脱困境make trouble惹事；捣乱take trouble to do sth.费力做某事；不辞辛苦地做某事,Please dont hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you _ _ _ your study.不论什么时
14、候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。They _ _ _ _ _ their father to live with them.他们费了很大的劲才说服父亲和他们住在一起。,have,trouble with,took great trouble to persuade,5.turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.当你遇到困难时请向警察求助。Their talk turned to the change that had taken place in the c
15、ity.他们的话题转到了城市发生的变化。,【拓展】补全下列“turn+adv./prep.”短语turn _出现；声音、光等调大、变强turn _(音量)调低；拒绝turn _转过身来turn _上交turn _结果是，证明是turn _翻车，翻阅，翻身,up,down,around,in,out,over,e to power(=come into power)上台；执政；当权When did Adolf Hitler come to power in Germany？阿道夫希特勒什么时候开始在德国当权的？,【拓展】翻译以下短语in power _take/seize/lose power
16、_have the power to do sth._within/beyond ones power _take/leave office _in office _,当权，执政(表状态),掌握/夺取/失去权力(政权),有权做某事,在能力范围之内/在能力,上台，就职/离职，卸任,当权，执政(表状态),范围之外,7.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.我第一次向一个（参观）小组谈论（罗本岛监狱的情况）时，心里觉得很不好受。句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”。,名词(短语)作连词，引导时间状语从句
17、的有：(1)the moment/the minute/the instant=as soon as 一就(2)every time 每次 each time每当next time下次时 any time任何时候last time上次时by the time到为止,Each time I see the old man in the park,he is absorbed in reading newspapers.每当我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报。_ _ _ I interviewed him,he looked a bit nervous.我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张
18、。,The first time,【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空,“第一次”，可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句。,“第一次”，介词短语，在句中只能用作状语，不具有连词功能。,I won a prize _ in my life that night._I saw him,I was amazed at his devotion to his career.,for the first time,The first time,1.vote vt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决vote for 投票赞成vote against 投票反对vote on 投票；表决vote to do sth.
19、倡议/建议做某事vote that.提议/建议,Did you vote for or against her?你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？There was once a time when women had no rights to vote.曾经有一段时间妇女没有选举权。We will listen to the arguments on both sides and then _ _ it.我们将先听听双方的论点，然后再表决。,vote,on,【点津】表示“投票赞成”要用vote for,表示“投票反对”用vote against,类似的用法还有：be for/against;fig
20、ht for/against;struggle for/against等。,2.escape vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；泄露（1）escape from 逃跑；逃脱；从逃走escape+n./doing sth.逃脱(做)某事escape ones attention/notice不受某人注意，被某人忽视（2）narrow escape死里逃生,It might have escaped your notice，but Im very busy at the moment.也许你没注意到，可我此刻忙得不可开交。He had a narrow escape.他九死一生。She managed t
21、o _ _ the burning car.她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。He was lucky to _ _ _ _.他逃脱惩罚真是幸运。,escape from,escape punishment/being punished,【熟词生义】根据语境选择最佳汉语意思Her name escaped me.A.逃走B.被（人）遗忘C.泄露答案：B,3.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a
22、 stage where we have almost no rights at all.近三十年来，通过大量的法律来阻止我们的权利和进步，致使今天我们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。,see的主语是the last thirty years，在此处表示在某段时间发生的情况，意为“发生；经历；目睹；经受”，意在以拟人手法增添语言色彩。英语中有类似用法的词还有find，witness等，可用表示时间或地点的名词作主语。,Rome witnessed many great historic events.在罗马城发生了许多伟大历史事件。Dusk saw a little boy crying in t
23、he street.傍晚一个小男孩在街上哭泣。在过去20年里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(翻译句子)My hometown has witnessed/seen/found great changes in the past 20 years.,(1)lose heart和lose ones heart to的区分(2)先行词是case,position,stage,situation等词时，定语从句关系词的使用(3)principle与其他词汇的词义辨析,1.I refuse to lie about itits against all my _.A.emotions B.principles
24、 C.regulations D.opinions【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意：我绝不为此事撒谎这有违我的（做人）原则。A项：情绪；B项：原则；C项：规章制度；D项：意见，观点。,2.The CCTV Spring Festival Gala is a big stage _ many new actors or actresses are to become famous.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhich【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：中央电视台春节联欢晚会是很多新演员们成名的大舞台。分析题干可以看出，stage是一个地点，而在定语从句中充当地点状语的引导词只有where，
25、故选A。,3.She said that we shouldnt _ in time of difficulties and that we should be hopeful.A.lose heart B.lose heartsC.lose our hearts D.lose the heart【解析】选A。句意：她说我们在困难的时候不应该丧失信心，应该满怀希望。lose heart丧失信心，泄气；lose ones heart to（sb./sth.)爱上，倾心于。,巧用复现及文化常识破解完形一、利用复现关系解题复现是语篇行文必须使用的一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同（近）义词、反义词、同
26、源词、概括词等形式重复某一信息。复现包括原词复现、同（近）义复现、反义复现和解释型复现等。从历年高考完形填空试题来看，在各种复现关系中，主要以原词复现为主，而原词复现又以动词、名词、形容词为主。,【真题连连看】2011江苏At first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his50,and how he really wanted that apple.The more he51like this,the more unhappy he became.50.A.wishesB
27、.beliefsC.effortsD.goals51.A.thoughtB.imaginedC.triedD.claimed,【步步精析】50.选C。考查名词。男孩一直在努力尝试摘树上的苹果。51.选A。考查动词。此题属于原词复现。根据前一句的thinking about及本句的like this，可知此空选A。,二、利用文化背景和生活常识解题完形填空题选文是独立的语篇，材料都选自原汁原味的英美文章，因此此类文章会反映英语国家的历史文化、风土人情、民俗、节日、生活习惯等方面的信息。同时，完形填空也会涉及人物的社会关系、职位、安全、学习及生活方面的常识。高中生已掌握了一定的文化背景知识和生活常识
28、，具备一定的价值判断能力。考生做题时，若能积极地调用自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会,大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。,【真题连连看】2010重庆Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book.When my36,Sam，was born,my heart was filled with joy.36.A.sonB.nephewC.brotherD.grandson,【步步精析】36.选D。考查名词。根据下文中as I myself,his grandfather可知我是他的爷爷（grandfather），他当然是我的grandson（孙子）了，这是生活常识。,
