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1、主语从句和表语从句,连词that（不可省略）,whether；连接代词who,whom,whose,whoever,what，whatever和which；连接副词when,where,how和why。,主语从句和表语从句,注意：,1.要使用陈述语序2.that 不可省略3.根据意思选择恰当的连接词。4.主语从句做主语，表语从句做表语，位 于系动词后。,主语从句,1)由what等代词引起的主语从句：What the teacher said today was quite right.老师今天说的话是十分正确的。,2)由连词that引起的主语从句：That they are badly in
2、need of help is quite clear.他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。,3)由连接代词或连接副词以及whether引起的主语从句。Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。,4)whatever,whoever也可引导主语从句。Whatever was said here must be kept secret.这里说的话都应当保密。Whoever makes mistakes must correct them
3、.凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。,注意:有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用 it 作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。例如:It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾。,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)It is+adj./n.+从句 It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是 It is possible that.很可能 It is unlikely that.不可能 2)It+不及物动词+从句 It seems/appears that.似乎 It happened that.碰巧,3)It+
4、be+过去分词+从句 It is said that.据说 It is known to all that.众所周知 It is reported that.据报道 It is believed that.据信;人们相信 It is suggested that.有人建议,1._ you dont like him is none of my business.2._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.3._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not know
5、n yet.4._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,填空。,1.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how,解析:what 引导主语从句,在从句中做do
6、的宾语,Exercise,2._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That,答案是C。“2000年奥林匹克运动会是否在北京举行还不知道。”whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if不能。,4._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.高考真题 A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who,答案是C。“谁最后离开房间应关灯。”whoever意为“无论谁”,
7、引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。若选A或B,anyone或the person 后应用who,使其成为由who引导的定语从句,修饰anyone 或person.注：这些词还可引导副词性从句。,表语从句,表语,Lyne is an excellent student.林是一个出色的学生。,表语,主语,连系动词,.Definition（定义）表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。,Eg.（例子）The person stood in front of you just now i
8、s my headmaster.刚才站在你前面的那个人是我的校长。I didnt know that it was you at that time.当时我不知道那是你。The door remained closed.门仍然关着。Marys daily job is cleaning the house.玛丽的日常工作就是打扫这间房子。,名词充当表语,代词充当表语,动词过去分词充当表语,动词-ing形式充当表语,The house is not only large but also beautiful.这所房子不仅大而且漂亮。When I went to your house,you we
9、re out.当我到你家的时候，你不在家。No one was in the dorm,when she arrived.当她到达的时候，宿舍里没有人。My job is to teach you English.我的工作是教你们英语。The reason why he came late was that his clock didnt work.他迟到的原因是他的闹钟坏了。,介词短语充当表语,副词充当表语,形容词充当表语,不定式充当表语,从句充当表语,.Position(位置)表语常位于系动词（be等词）之后，与主语共同构成主-系-表结构(Subject-Predicative struc
10、ture)的句子。,.Linking Verbs(连系动词)除动词be以外，还有一些后面可接表语的特殊连系动词，如：look,smell,taste,sound,feel,fall,come,go（变成）,become,grow（渐渐地变化）,turn(变成，一般用于颜色),appear,seem,get,keep,remain,stay等。,.Notes1.上面提到的动词，不总是用作连系动词。2.代词充当表语时，通常用代词的宾格形式。3.选择时，区分该用动词过去分词、动词-ing形式还是动词的不定式充当表语：主语是动作的发出者，并且动作在持续进行时，用动词-ing形式；主语是承受者时，用动词
11、过去分词；而当动作是主语要执行的多用不定式。Eg.She remained there for a good hour,which surprised everyone.令所有人吃惊的是，她一直在那站了很长时间。A.to stand B.stand C.stood D.standing,D,.The Predicative Clause(表语从句)由一个句子充当句子的表语,这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释，是主语的内容具体化。相当于一个名词。,可以充当表语从句引导词的有：从属连词:that,whether(是否)引导从句。注：if不能引导表语从句。E
12、g.The trouble is that he has never done the work before.麻烦在于他以前从未做过这样的工作。The question is whether we should ask them for help.问题在于我们是否应当向他们求助。,2.连接代词:who,whom,whose,which,what等引导从句。Eg.Guilin is not what it used to be.桂林已不再是从前的样子。What she wants to know is which dress she should buy.她想知道的是该买哪条裙子。,3.连接副
13、词：when,where,why,how 引导从句时，它们本身有词义，既起连接从句的作用，又在从句中充当状语成分，修饰谓语动词。Eg.That is where Lu Xun used to live.那里是鲁迅曾经居住的地方。That is why he didnt pass the exam.那是他没有通过考试的原因。,4.用because，as，as if/as though 引导，如：Eg.It looks as if it were going to rain.看起来要下雨了。Its just because he doesnt know her.这是仅仅因为他不认识她。Things
14、 are not always as they seem to be.事物并不总是如其表象。He looks as though hes tired.他好像累了。,5.表语从句两大要素：除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。除that,whether 外的所有引导词都必须在从句中充当相应的成分。,Exercises1.Who is knocking at the door？Its _.A.I B.this C.me D.my 2.He is an old man who looks _.A.health B.friendly C.friend D.pleasantly3.They got s
15、o _ at the good news that they burst into cheers.A.excite B.exciting C.excitedly D.excited,C,B,D,4.It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _the readers.interested;interest interesting;be interested interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest 5.Go and get your coat.Its _ you left it.where there B.there where C.there D.where 6.He walked up to the bed,in front of which _two strange cases.was B.were C.are D.had been 7.1.The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that B.if C.when D.whether,D,D,B,D,
