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1、,过去完成时,中兴中学 郑巍,一、概念过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，也可能是早已完成或结束，即“过去的过去”；也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻。二、结构“had+动词的过去分词”,过去完成时,二、用法,表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完 成的动作或存在的状态。句中常用by,before,when,until等词引导时间状语。它是以过去某一时间为起点，所以过去完成 时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过 去”。只有和过去某时间或某动作相比较时 才能用到它。例:Most of the guests had left when he arrived a
2、t the party.当他到达晚会时，他发现大多数客人已经 离开了。,2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生 的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去，常与for,since等词连用。例：When Jack arrived,Mary had been away for almost an hour.当杰克到时，玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。,【实战演练】,用所给词的适当形式填空。1.WhenIgottherethebus_(go).2.BythetimeIgottoclass,theteacher _(start)teaching.3.We_(learn)over1,000words by
3、the endoflastterm.4.I_(clean)theroombeforehe arrivedhere.,had gone,had started,had learnt,had cleaned,by the time 的用法,by the time 意为“到时候(为止)”，是一个介词短语，在句中常起到连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去式，那么主句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。,例：By the time you came back,I had finished this book.你回来时我已经把这
4、本书看完了。（从句谓语动词came back 为一般过去 时，所以主句动作用过去完成时had finished,表示过去的过去。）,2.如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时或现在完成时，那么主句中的谓语动词常用将来完成时，表示“截止到将来的某一时刻为止，主句动作将已完成。”例：By the time I get home,they will have left.我到家时他们将已经离开。By the time I graduate next year,I will have lived here for five years.到明年毕 业时，我将已经在这待了五年了。,1.Tim went into
5、the bathroom.Mary got up._2.The coee became cold.I put cream in the coee._,Make sentences using by the time or before.,By the time Mary got up,Tim had already gone into the bathroom.,Before I put cream in the coffee,the coffee had become cold.,3.The teacher collected the math homework.I got to schoo
6、l._ 4.I completed the work for my boss.The workday ended._,By the time I got to school,the teacher had collected the math homework.,I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.,5.The movie started.I arrived at the cinema._ 6.My mother finished making the apple pie.I got home from m
7、y language course._,The movie had started before I arrived at the cinema.,By the time I got home from my language course,my mother had finished making the apple pie.,Exercises,1.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he _ it for a very long time.(2013辽宁)A.has had B.had had C.has D.had 2.Th
8、e twins,who _ their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.(2014安徽)A.will finish B.finish C.have finished D.had finished,I.Multiple choice.,1.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he _ it for a very long time.(2013辽宁)A.has had B.had had C.has D.had 2.The twins,who _ the
9、ir homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.(2014安徽)A.will finish B.finish C.have finished D.had finished,I.Multiple choice.,1.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he _ it for a very long time.(2013辽宁)A.has had B.had had C.has D.had 2.The twins,who _ their homework,were
10、allowed to play badminton on the playground.(2014安徽)A.will finish B.finish C.have finished D.had finished,I.Multiple choice.,1.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he _ it for a very long time.(2013辽宁)A.has had B.had had C.has D.had 2.The twins,who _ their homework,were allowed to play b
11、adminton on the playground.(2014安徽)A.will finish B.finish C.have finished D.had finished,I.Multiple choice.,1.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he _ it for a very long time.(2013辽宁)A.has had B.had had C.has D.had 2.The twins,who _ their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the p
12、layground.(2014安徽)A.will finish B.finish C.have finished D.had finished,I.Multiple choice.,II.Translation.,我们到剧场时戏已经开演了。六月底为止他们已经治疗了三万个病人。我醒来时雨已经停了。,The play had already started when we got to the theatre.,By the end of June they had treated 30000 patients.,When I woke up it had already stopped raining.,3.Jennyhadalreadycleanedtheroomwhen Icalledher.(改为否定句)Jennyhadnt cleaned theroomwhenI calledher.4.Hehadleftbeforeshecouldsayaword.(改为一般疑问句)Had heleft beforeshecouldsay aword?,Thank You!,
