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1、Direct speech,直接引语和间接引语,&indirect speech,that引导的宾语从句Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,He said,“I am a senior student.”,He said that he was a senior student.,He said to me,“I am learning English now.”,He said to me that he was learning English then.,whether/if 引导的宾语从句John asked Mary if t
2、hat was her umbrella.,2.“Have you been to the USA?”Jim asked Tom.He asked me,“Do you play chess?”She asked,“Did you go home?”,Jim asked Tom whether/if he had been to the USA.,He asked me if/whether I played chess.,She asked me if I had gone home.,“Is this room yours or his?”He asked me whether this
3、room was mine or his.引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时,通常用whether或if引导,而引述选择疑问句时,通常只用whether引导。,wh-词引导的宾语从句John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,1.“Whose book is it?”he asked.,He asked whose book it was.,“Whose book are you reading?”Jim asked her.,Jim asked her whose book she was reading.,He asked,“Where
4、 are you going?”He asked(us)where we were going.She asked,“Who is here?”She asked(me)who was there.He asked,“Which school are you in?”He asked(me)which school I was in.,He said,“Where have you been?”He asked me where I had been.He asked,“How are you gettingalong?”He asked us how we were getting alon
5、g.,不定式The officer ordered him not to leave his post.,He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.”,He told/ordered/asked the boys not to make so much noise.,that/what/how引导的宾语从句He said that he was very happy.He said how happy he was.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化,注意以下几个方面,从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and
6、women are equal under the law.,一般现在时“I know it,”he said.,一般过去时He said that he knew it.,现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,”she said.,过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all.,现在完成时“I have seen her before,”said he.,过去完成时He said he had seen her before.,一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,”he said.,过去完成时
7、He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,过去完成时“Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?”Jack asked.,过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,一般将来时He said:“We shall start tomorrow.”,过去将来时He said they would start the next day.,由直接引语转变为间
8、接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化,thatthosethenbeforethat day(the)next day,in two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforecometakethere,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:,1.不变的真理 The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”The teacher told the students that water fre
9、ezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2.历史事件：The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,3.部分情态动词,如must,ought to,used to,had better等：She said to me:“You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.,1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told
10、 me that _ worried _.A.he lookstoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat day,Exercises,2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow,3.Mr Black said,
11、“I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week,4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he sh
12、ouldtomorrow D.he would the next day,5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat,6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago
13、B.what he had heardthe week before C.what he had herd a week ago D.if he heardthe week ago,7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he wouldthe next time D.he willnext time,8.Jack said to her,“Where do yo
14、u spend your holidays?”Jack asked her where _ holidays.A.she spent her B.you spend your C.she spend her D.you spent your,9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left there D.havent I left here,10.The teacher asked her,“|Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did rise,
