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1、语法专项提升动词与动词短语,动词系动词(1)表示人或事物特征和状态的系动词，如smell，live，look，sound，feel，seem，appear等。The actor looked his part.那个演员看上去就像他演的角色。He appears a normal person.他看来是一个正常人。,(2)表示状态的变化，如go，grow，run，turn，become，wash，get，turn out，come等。His dream has come true.他的梦想成真了。The river went dry.河流干涸了。(3)表示某种状态的持续或延续，如rest，sta
2、nd，lie，keep，stay，continue，hold等。He stayed young.他依然年轻。He told me to keep calm under all circumstances.他告诉我在任何情况下都要保持镇静。,一些常用行为动词的用法比较(1)lay和lie,He lied to me that he had finished his work.他向我撒谎他已完成工作。She laid her baby on the bed.她把婴儿放置在床上。,(2)arise，rise和raise,The sun having set down，a mist arose.太阳落
3、山后起了雾。The river has risen by several metres.河水上涨了好几米。Its difficult raising a family on a small income.依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。,(3)hang的用法,He hung his clothes on the wall.他把衣服挂在墙上。A towel hung from the rail.栏杆上搭着条毛巾。The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged.杀人犯被绞死了，为死者报了仇。,(4)sit，set和seat,The old man of
4、ten sat by the fire on winter evenings.那位老人常在冬天的晚上坐在火炉旁。The waiter is setting the table.服务员在摆餐具。The hall can seat 3,000 audiences.这个大厅可容纳3,000名观众。注意：seat后面可跟反身代词，也可用于被动语态。The hostess had the chairs set before asking her guests to be seated.女主人把椅子放好，请客人们坐下。,动词短语1actact as 充当，担任act for代表，代理act out表演(指
5、用行动、动作表达)2addadd in算入，包括 add to增加，加到add up加起来，总计 add up to总计共达3agreeagree on就达成共识 agree to同意(建议等)agree with同意；与一致，适合于,4breakbreak away from脱离break down坏掉；出故障；垮掉break into闯入；破门而入break up打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止break out(战争)爆发break through逾越，突破；冲破break in破门而入break off打断；中断,5bringbring about导致，引起 bring down降
6、低；使倒下bring back把带回来；使忆起；使恢复bring forth结果，生产，产生 bring forward提出；提前bring on引起；使发展；提出(论点等)供讨论bring out使显出；使(意义等)明白表示出来bring up养育，培养；呕吐；提出,6callcall for需要；邀请 call on/at号召；访问call in召集；召来 call up召唤，召集；打电话call off取消7carrycarry off获胜；成功做成(困难之事)carry on继续，坚持 carry out执行carry through帮助渡过难关；完成，实现carry back使记起
7、carry away失去理智,8comecome about发生 come out结果是；出来；出版；开花come across偶遇 come to共计，达到，苏醒come true变为现实 come up走上前，被提出come up with提出come on(表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等)来；快；得了come along一起来 come into being形成；产生come into power上台；执政come to light为人所知,9cut cut down砍倒 cut in插嘴；突然插入cut up切碎 cut off隔绝；切断；中止10diedie of死于(疾病，情感，年老等)
8、die from死于(尤指死于意外事故或疾病、情感以外的原因)die away(风、声音)渐渐消失die down(风、雨等)逐渐平息die off相继死去 die out死光，灭绝,11getget about四处走动；传开get across传达get along(on)with进展；相处get away逃脱，设法离开 get down下来，记下get in收割；到达 get off出发；下班get together聚会 get through接通；通过get down to开始认真干 get over克服,12givegive up放弃 give in屈服give out用尽；分发 gi
9、ve away泄露；赠送；颁发give off发出 give back归还；使恢复13gogo against违背；对不利go ahead开始，进展，进行 go after/for追逐，追求go without勉强维持；凑合 go in for爱好；参加；从事go through通过；经历 go over复习；仔细审查go by过去；经过,14holdhold back隐瞒；控制(情感)hold out维持；抵抗；硬撑 hold up使耽搁hold on坚持；别挂(电话)hold together团结一致hold on to保留，抓住不放15keepkeep away(from)使远离 kee
10、p back扣除；隐瞒不讲keep off避开；不理睬 keep on继续keep out挡在外边keep up保持，不低落；持续；继续keep up with跟上,16looklook out当心 look on旁观look up向上看；查阅；形势好转look down upon看不起 look forward to盼望look through浏览；温习 look into调查；向内看look over检阅；逐一检查,17makemake good/full use of.充分利用make up编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足make up for补偿，弥补 make out辨认出make se
11、nse有道理(意义)，讲得通make fun of取笑make up ones mind下定决心,18putput aside把放在一边 put away把收好put down扑灭，平息 put forward提出put off延期；推诿 put out扑灭；生产put up 挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿put up with忍受，容忍,19setset off出发；引爆 引起；激发 set out开始；动身set up建立set about doing.着手，开始set in开始，到来set aside留出set down下车；写下；放下,20taketake in吸引，欺骗 take
12、for误认为take up占据，从事，拿起take off起飞；脱下；休假；走红take after像 take along随身携带take charge负责，掌管 take on呈现，雇用take over接管；接任take.for granted想当然take pride in 以为豪 take away带走，拿走take out拿出,21turnturn down拒绝，调低 turn in上交turn out结果是；证明是 turn over移交，交给turn up出现；调高 turn off关掉turn on打开 turn away走开turn to求助于；翻到,1(2009年天津卷)
13、Dont worry if you dont understand everything.The teacher will_the main points at the end.Arecover BreviewCrequire Dremember,【解析】句意为：如果你不全懂，别担心。老师会在结束前回顾要点的。review回顾，再检查，观察，复习，检阅(军队)，评审(新书等)，写评论，写回忆录，【律】复审；recover：return to a normal state of health，mind or strength恢复(健康，精神，体力)，找回，重获(丢失物)；require需要，有赖
14、于，规定，要求；remember记得，想起，回忆。【答案】B,2(2009年全国卷)Encourage your children to try new things，but try not to_them too hard.Adraw BstrikeCrush Dpush【解析】句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新的东西，但尽量不要弄得太难。本题考查的是动词词义辨析。push推，挤，逼迫；draw画，拖，取出；strike罢工，袭击，打，折磨，发现，敲响；rush冲，仓促从事，突袭。【答案】D,3.(2009年福建卷)We are at your service.Dont_to turn to us
15、 if you have any further problems.Abeg BhesitateCdesire Dseek,【解析】句意为：我们愿意为你效劳。如果你还有什么问题尽管找我们。beg祈求；desire：wish for(sth.)，want希望得到(某物)，想要；seek to do sth.try to do sth.努力做某事。hesitate to do意为：be reluctant to do不情愿做。又如：Dont hesitate to tell us if you have a problem.你有问题就直截了当地告诉我们。【答案】B,4.(2009年浙江卷)The
16、good thing about children is that they_very easily to new environments.Aadapt BappealCattach Dapply【解析】句意为：作为孩子的好处是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to为固定短语，意为“适应”。【答案】A,5.(2009年浙江卷)Practising Chinese kung fu can not only_ones strength，but also develop ones character.Abring up Btake upCbuild up Dpull up【解析】句意为：练中国功夫
17、不仅可以增强体力，而且能够培养一个人的性格。build up ones strength为固定短语，意为“增强某人的力量”。bring up抚养，呕吐；take up从事，占据；pull up阻止，拔起。【答案】C,6(2009年安徽卷)Just as Professor Scotti often_it，success is ninetynine percent mental attitude.Agets BmakesCputs Dmeans【解析】句意为：正如Scotti教授所说的，成功是百分之九十九的内心的态度。as sb.puts it意为“正如某人所说的”。【答案】C,7(2009年天
18、津卷)Sorry，I have to_now.Its time for class.OK，Ill call back later.Ahang up Bbreak upCgive up Dhold up,【解析】句意为：对不起，现在我得挂断电话了。该上课了。好吧，等会儿我再打回去。hang up：end a telephone conversation by cutting the connection猛地挂断，中止(与某人的)电话交谈；break up：(of a gathering)disband，end(集会)结束，解散；(of a couple in a relationship)par
19、t company(恋爱或婚姻中的男女)分手；start laughing uncontrollably爆发大笑；give up放弃，认输，猜不出，交出，自首，泄露；hold up举起，支持，支撑，拦住，耽搁，抢劫。【答案】A,8(2009年安徽卷)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all_.Agiven away Bkept awayCtaken up Dused up【解析】句意为：我们想找一张七个人坐的桌子，但桌子全都有人了。give away出卖，赠送；keep away远离；take up占据；use up用光。【答案】
20、C,9.(2009年山东卷)Do you have enough to_all your daily expenses?Oh yes，enough and to spare.Acover BspendCfill Doffer,【解析】句意为：你有足够用以支付日常费用的钱吗？是的，足够并且还有节余。cover(指钱)够(某事物)用。如：10 pounds will cover our petrol for the journey.10英镑就足够支付我们旅行的汽油费。The firm barely covers(its)costs；it hasnt made a profit for years.
21、该公司几乎入不敷出，已经多年没有盈利了。spend花费；fill填充；offer主动提供。【答案】A,10(2009年山东卷)Amy joined a painting group but didnt seem to_，so she left.Ashow off Bgo upCfit in Dcome over【解析】句意为：艾米参加了绘画小组，但好像不适应，所以离开了。show off炫耀；go up上升，上涨，增长；fit in融入(群体)，相协调；come over过来。【答案】C,1(2010届南昌二中期中测试)She_her younger sister in appearance
22、but not in character.Alooks BcomparesCequals Dresembles【解析】句意为：她的长相像她的妹妹，但是性格不同。resemble表示“相似，像”。如果选择A项，需要在后面加上like。【答案】D,2.(2009年济南模拟)Last Sunday a few of us arranged to meet in town，but Jenny didnt_.Aturn up Bgive upCmake up Dtake up【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turn up意思是“出现；露面”，符合题意。句意为：上周日我们几个约好了在镇上见面，可是Jenny没有
23、露面。【答案】A,2(2010届襄樊五中期中测试)Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to_a scientific theory.Aconfirm BclaimCconclude Dcalculate【解析】考查动词辨析。confirm证实；claim声称，断言；conclude得出结论；calculate计算，估计。依语意：由观察和实验得出的证据通常被用来证实科学理论，可知A项正确。【答案】A,3(2010届湖北黄石二中月考)The little boy was so careless with h
24、is spelling that he often_letters from words.Aleft out Bleft behindCleft off Dlet alone【解析】考查动词短语辨析。leave out遗漏；leave behind留下，遗留；leave off停止，中断；let alone更不用说。依据前面提及的careless可知，这里应该是将单词的字母遗漏了。【答案】A,4(2010届河北辛集中学调研考试)I think Jack will_a good monitor，so Id like to vote for him.Aturn BchangeCmake Delec
25、t【解析】考查动词辨析。此处make表示“成为”。假如选择A项，应该去掉句中的不定冠词a。【答案】C,5(2010届河北正定中学月考)All my pockets have been_but I cant find my keys.Agot through Bgiven outCgone through Dgone down【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我找遍了所有的口袋，但是没有发现钥匙。此处的go through表示“仔细检查；搜查”。get through表示“通过；到达”，give out表示“分发”，go down表示“下降”，都不符合语意。【答案】C,6(2010届孝感高中期中
26、测试)Teaching pronunciation class to a mixed group of learners can_a teacher with many challenging problems.Aprovide BproduceCpresent Doffer【解析】provide，present，offer都有“提供”的意思。provide意思是“供给(某物)”；present则表示“呈现(某种状况)，使经历”；offer构成offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的结构。【答案】C,7(2010年长春第一次调研)Is your husband good
27、at cleaning up the room?Not very，but when it_cooking，he is much better than I am.Atalks about Brefers toCcomes to Ddeals with【解析】考查动词短语。“When it comes to.”是常用句式，意思是“当谈及某事的时候”。【答案】C,8(2010年福建四地六校第三次联考)Even if the treatment_，theres still no magic pill for patients in the late stage of AIDS.Adoes Buses
28、Cworks Dhelps【解析】考查动词辨析。work“起作用，生效”，符合语意：尽管治疗起作用了，对于晚期的艾滋病患者来说还是没有什么特效药。【答案】C,9(2010年潍坊检测)The government has agreed to pay the firms extra sums to_for their financial losses.Amake up Bbring upCfill up Dlook up【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：政府已同意付给这些公司额外的款项来弥补他们的经济损失。make up弥补；bring up抚养；fill up(使)充满；look up查找。【答
29、案】A,10(2010年潍坊检测)Faced with a problem，you have to_it first，and then try to find a solution.Aresemble BsubstituteCconcentrate Danalyze【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：面对问题，你必须先分析，然后尽力找出解决办法。resemble看起来像；substitute代替；concentrate集中(注意力)；analyze分析。【答案】D,11(2010年皖南八校第二次联考)How much did the guy_you to fix your 3G mobile pho
30、ne?I dont remember，but it was quite a lot.Acost BspendCcharge Dtake【解析】考查动词辨析。charge在此作动词用，是“索价”的意思。charge sb.some money to do sth.为做某事向某人索价。【答案】C,12(2010届江西师大附中临川一中联考)No one could_the failure of the experiment as everything went smoothly at first.Agive an account for Baccount forCtake account of Dt
31、ake into account【解析】考查动词短语辨析。give an account for叙述，说明；account for解释，说明的原因；take account of和take into account的意思均为“考虑到，顾及”。account for符合语意。【答案】B,13(2010届江西师大附中临川一中联考)If we take a plane，well of course have arrived in London by the next weekend.Dont be too sure.We should_the weather factor.What shall we
32、 do if it is foggy?Alook for Ballow forCprepare for Duse for【解析】考查动词短语辨析。look for寻找；allow for考虑到；prepare for为作准备；use for用做。allow for符合语意。【答案】B,14(2010年成都第一次诊断)By playing with the native boys and girls，one can_a lot of their language.Apick up Bset upCbuild up Dput up【解析】考查动词短语辨析。pick up(偶然)获得，捡起，用车搭载人，染上(坏习惯)等。句意为：与本土的孩子们玩可以顺便学会他们的语言。【答案】A,15(2010年成都第一次诊断)We were supposed to move into our new classroom building at the beginning of this month，but things didnt_as planned.Awork out Bcarry outCmove out Dget out【解析】考查动词短语辨析。work out成功地发展，计算。根据语意“按说我们在这个月初就会搬进新教学楼，但事情并不像计划的那样顺利”可知选A。【答案】A,
