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1、现在完成时,The Present Perfect Tense,一 构成:,have/has+动词过去分词(pp),肯定 主语+have/has+pp否定 主语+have/has not+pp疑问 Have/Has+主语+pp+其他 Yes,主+have/has.No,主+havent/hasnt.,I have finished my homework.I have not finished my homework.Have you finished your homework?Yes,I have./No,I havent.She has been to Europe.She hasnt
2、been to Europe.Has she been to Europe?Yes,she has./No,she hasnt.,1.规则动词：与过去时变化相同。(1)一般+-ed work-worked-worked(2)以“e”结尾,+-d。live-lived-lived(3)“辅音字母+y”结尾，y 变 i,+-ed。cry-cried-cried(4)重读闭音节结尾(辅元辅)，双写后+-ed。drop-dropped-dropped 2、不规则动词，见不规则表（p120）,动词过去分词(pp)变化规则,二 含义及用法,1 表示过去发生的动作或事情，对现在的影响和产生的结果。,常用的关
3、键词,yet(否/疑),already 已经ever/never 曾经/从来不 just 刚刚before 以前recently,lately 最近in/during the past/last 5 years 过去五年by now,so far,up to now,till now 迄今 once,twice 一次all/in ones life 某人一生,（1）already,肯定句:“己经”,一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”,Have you had breakfast already？(表示强调),Ive already had breakfast.(更常见)=Ive had
4、 breakfast already.,注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg.Shes already eighty years old.It was already very late.,(2)yet,否定句:句末“还(没)”,疑问句:句末“己经”,Have you had breakfast yet?,I havent had breakfast yet.,注意：当在肯定句中含already或just，变否定时，在句末加yet。,I havent seen the film yet.,Mother has just cleaned
5、 the house.,Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.,I have already seen the film.,(3)ever,肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”,Ive ever been to Beijing.Have you ever been to Beijing?,(4)never,否定句:句中“从来没有”Ive never been to Beijing.,注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,将ever变never,He has ever made meal.,Have they ever travelled by train?No,never.
6、,He has never made meal.,带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”,(5)just,用于句中,表示“刚刚”Ive just had breakfast.What have they just done?,(6)before,用于句末,表示“以前”Ive seen it before.Has she ridden a bike before?,A:_ your brother _ a new watch?(buy)B:Not yet.,Key words,Has bought,yet,A:_ you ever _ to the park?(be)B:Y
7、es,I have.,Key words,Have been,yet,ever,I _ never _ of anything like that.(hear),Key words,have heard,yet,ever,never,Tom _ in the factory since he left school ten years ago.(work),Key words,has worked,yet,ever,never,since,A:How long _ you _ in this school?(teach)B:For 6 years.,Key words,have taught,
8、yet,ever,never,since,for,I _ just _ the desk,you can take it to your classroom.(mend),Key words,have mended,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,_ you _ the Forbidden City(紫禁城)before?(visit),Key words,Have visited,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,He _ already _ a job.(find),Key words,has found,yet,ever
9、,never,since,for,just,before,already,We _ only _ the first five questions so far.(discuss),Key words,have discussed,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,They _over 20,000 fruit trees up to now.(plant),Key words,have planted,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now
10、,Great changes _ in Beijing in the past 10 years.(take place),Key words,have taken place,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,He _ a lot of good things in his life.(do),Key words,has done,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in t
11、he past 10 years,in his life,I _ her lately.(not see),Key words,havent seen,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,I _ him recently.(not hear from),Key words,havent heard from,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now
12、,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,recently,He _ in this city ever since then.(live),Key words,has lived,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,recently,ever since then,He _ in this high school till now.(teach),Key words,has taught
13、,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,recently,ever since then,till now,2.表示一个从过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。注意：动词延续性,（1）for+,I have been here for 5 weeks.Hes studied English for 3 years.She has worked for 10 hours.,一段时间,（2）
14、since+,(过去的)时间点,I have been here since 2000.He has worked as a lawyer since 5 years ago?Theyve lived in CQ since they married in 2000.,注1)：since 也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。I have been here(ever)since then.,注2)：对for或since引导的时间状语提问用how long,I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you
15、 lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注3)：短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用，也不能用于how long问句中。（误）I have left for 5 years.,(正)I have been away for 5 years.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,短暂性(短动词)动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性(长动词)动词.,leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-b
16、uy-borrow-finish-,join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-,be away(from),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,Please point out any mistakes and correct,She has bought the computer for two years.,had,
17、Please point out any mistakes and correct,How long have you come to the United States？,been in,Please point out any mistakes and correct,Ann has gone to China since three months ago.,been in,Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have got to Paris for one week.,been in,Please point out any mist
18、akes and correct,My brother has joined the army for five years.,been in,been a soldier,Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have left Shanghai for 3 days.,been away for 3 days.,Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago.,kept,Please point out any
19、 mistakes and correct,The film has begun for 10 minutes.,been on,Please point out any mistakes and correct,The concert has finished for half an hour.,been over,Please point out any mistakes and correct,His dog has died for two years.,been dead,Please point out any mistakes and correct,She has marrie
20、d for six years.,been married,eg.a.He has borrowed my English book for two days.(False)b.He has kept my English book for two days.(true)a.I have bought the new dress since last month.(false)b.I have had the new dress since last month.(true)a.They have left for half an hour.You should come earlier.(f
21、alse)b.They have been away for half an hour.You should come earlier.(true),a.How long has the film begin?(false)b.How long has the film been on?(true)a.He is an unlucky boy.His mother has died for several years.(false)b.He is an unlucky boy.His mother has been dead for several years.(true)a.He has j
22、oined the League since he came to the school.(false)b.He has been a league member since he came to the school.(true),注：非延续性动词用于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成，它不能跟段时间。但它的否定式可以跟段时间状语连用.,Tom has left Beijing.He has borrowed a pen from me.Tom hasnt left Beijing since he came to this city in 2004.They havent bought any
23、new house since they moved to Shanghai.She hasnt bought any new clothes for a year.,三,have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；(去了未回来)have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语；(去了已回来),have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留了一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。(状态)(曾经在，现在还在那里),Exercises,Tom 在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack 去过上海两次了,
24、-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.,I have been in Beijing for 5 years.,Jack has been to Shanghai twice.,can you distinguish?,has gone to,have gone to,have been to,been to,been in,has been,四 特殊句型1.It is/has been+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+has passed+since+句子(一般过去时),e.g.It is
25、 five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.,这本书我借了一个月了。,I borrowed this book a month ago.(一般过去时),It is/has been a month since I borrowed the book.(句型1 its/been+时间 since+一般过去),I have kept the book for a month./since a month ago.(现在完成时),A month has passed since
26、I borrowed the book.(句型2 时间+passed since+一般过去时),2.被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句(that 引导)中，一般用现在完成时态。,This is the most delicious food(that)Ive ever eaten.这是我所吃过的最美味的食物。She is the most beautiful girl(that)Ive ever seen.她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘,3.It is the first/second time+现在完成时This is+the最高级+名词+that+现在完成时,This is the firs
27、t time(that)Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。It is the first time that I have seen such a beautiful girlIt was the third time that the boy has been late.This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。,典型例题(1)-Do you know our town at all?-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have been C.came
28、 D.am coming(2)-Have you _ been to our town before?-No,its the first time I _ here.A.even,come B.even,have comeC.ever,come D.ever,have come,Correcting,1.I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2.My bother has joined the army since he was 18.3.Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.4.The film has be
29、en on since I have come to the cinema.5.When has Mr.Li caught a bad cold?,have kept,has been in/been a member of the army,since 5 years ago/for 5 years,came,did,catch,6.Ten years have passed since they got married.7.Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have gon
30、e to Chunhua Middle School twice.,has,has been in,did,open,been to,五 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时:强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果，与现在有关。一般过去时:仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。,他已学英语五年了。,He has studied English for five years.,他曾学过五年英语。,He studied English for five years.,（说明他还会继续学下去）,（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）,Ive lived here for t
31、en years.我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)I lived here for ten years.我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)He has bought a house.他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)He bought a house ten years ago.他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚),一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。,遇到yesterday,Last year,in May,in+过去某一年，two days ago,the other day,just now等就用一般过去时(表过去的时间),当有 so far,in/during/over the past/last few days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时(不能与确定的时间),
