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1、Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气,1.英语动词有四种语气，陈述语气(indicative)，疑问语气(interrogative)，祈使语气(imperative)和虚拟语气(subjunctive)。2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,真实条件句（sentences of real conditions）If I have time I will come over to see you.虚拟条件句（sentences of unreal conditions）If you had arrived a little e
2、arlier,you would have seen her.,一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。,条件从句,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,过去时（were）,过去完成时,Would/could/should/might+V.（原）,Would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.过去时2.should+V.3.were to do,would/could/should/might+V.（原）,1、与现在相反If I had a map I would lend it to you.If I were you I would plant
3、some trees round the house.If it were not for若不是If it were not for your help,we would be in serious trouble.2、与将来相反If I were to do the job,I would do it in a different way.If you should have any difficulty in getting the medicine,you would ring this number.,3、与过去相反If I had known that you were coming
4、,I would have met you at the airport.If I had left sooner,I would have caught the bus.If it had not been for要不是If it had not been for Margaret,I would not have understood.,1.If I had HIV,I would know because I would feel sick.2.If I were you,I would give AIDS patient a hug.3.If I had taken your advi
5、ce,I wouldnt have made a mistake.4.If he had been there,it wouldnt have happened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5.If it should rain tomorrow,they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it,if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7.If we were to have three days off,we would enjoy a very happy li
6、fe.,与将来事实相反,错综时间条件句（conditional sentences of mixed time）If the weather had been more favorable,the crops would be growing still better now.If he had received 6 more votes,he would be our chairman now.,含蓄条件句（sentences of implied condition）But for my money that woman would have persecuted him.I was aw
7、ay that way,otherwise I would have attended the lecture.Would you mind shutting the window?,二：虚拟语气特殊句型：,Wish 的宾语从句,现在：过去：未来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时(遗憾味道),would/could/might+V.should,I wish I were a bird.（现在）I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.（将来）,2.Would rather/soon
8、er that,现在：过去：未来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone,too.,Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3.as if/though+Clause,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her ow
9、n son.It seems that it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,look seem taste smell 后as if 引导的从句用陈述语气It looks as if they are in a terrible hurry.It seems as if we shall have to walk.The meat tastes as if it has gone bad.The milk smells as if it is sour.,4.Its(about/h
10、igh)time+that-,should+V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.,5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,prop
11、ose 4.demand,require,request,desire askpropose desire maintain move decide deserve resolve recommend beg prefer urge arrange intend(打算)petition(恳求)这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom have a rest.,He insist
12、ed that I(should)be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.,They requested that we(should)send them to work there.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out.My dem
13、and is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,6.without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.Without your help,I would ha
14、ve failed.But for water,it would be impossible to live in the desert.,7.If only 要是就好了 与wish所引导的宾语从句是一样的 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!
15、,8.Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形important essential appropriate imperative vital proper natural possible eager better anxious keen(热切)admant(坚定不移)dreadful surprising strange It is imperative that you should not be seen here.It is vital to her health th
16、at she take this medicine.,It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.,9.某些简单句的固定句型：Heaven help him!God bless you!May you succeed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,That所引导的句子(表示愿望或沮丧情绪),Th
17、at I should be accused of murder!我竟然被控谋杀！That he should act so rudely toward you!,Would that 但愿,Would that he could have listened to his father.他要是能听了他父亲的话就好了！Would that we had seen her before she died.如果在她临终前我们去看她一面就好了！,To think 没想到,To think that I trusted him!没想到我竟然相信了他！To think he knew about it a
18、ll the time!没想到这事他一直都知道！,As it were插在句中，姑且这么说,He is,as it were,a walking dictionary.他可说是一部活字典。He is my best friend,my second self as it were.他是我最好的朋友，可以说是我第二个自己。,Would have thought会想到、会以为You would have thought they would do more to help us.你原本以为他们会更多地帮助我们的。If need be 如果必要If need be,I can do extra wo
19、rk at the weekend.,三：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。If the weather had been finer,the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice,you wouldnt be in the hospital.,2.假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。If
20、 I were you,I would give it up.Were I you,I would give it up.If it were not for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time,I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time,I would have run round
21、that lake again.If there should be a flood,what should we do?Should there be a flood,what should we do?,Suggest与insist 用法,Suggest建议、提出建议 用虚拟I suggest that we should hold a meeting tonight.Insist 坚持要、一定要 用虚拟A young pioneer insisted that I take this seat.Suggest暗示、表明 用陈述Her expression suggested that she was angry.Insist坚持说、坚持认为 用陈述The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.,
