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1、英语命题设计大赛,-动词的现在完成时The Present perfect tense,温江二中 杨君华,设计意图,关注基础,注重能力,体现方法,着眼发展。,设计思路概念入手，整体建构，分步突破，逐步综合；融语法于情景中，融情景于生活中。,英语动词的八大时态,英语中的谓语动词和汉语有显著区别，那就是英语中的谓语动词在不同的时间范畴内其形式要改变，这种随着时间变化而变化的情况叫时态。“时”表示不同的时间范畴(过去，现在，将来)，“态”表示在这种时间下动词的形式。没有变化的动词叫动词原形，谓语动词的时态变化最基本最常用的有八种形式：动词的现在进行时，一般现在时，一般将来时，一般过去时，现在完成时，
2、过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。虽然时态有众多变化，但时间范畴基本有三大段：过去，现在，将来。过去发生的事，用动词的过去时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。现在正在发生的用动词的现在进行时。现在说将来要做的事情，用动词的一般将来时。,同学们，每种时态应围绕以下五点来学习与掌握。名称：该种时态的全称概念：什么叫动词的这种时态结构：动词以什么形式来表达这种时态句式：肯定句，问句，否定句等提示语：与这种时态连用的提示语，如时间提示语，其它提示语，上下文提示,动词的现在完成时的引入,名称：现在完成时,概念：1.过去发生的动作对现在造成影响。常与never/ever/just/al
3、ready/yet连用。2.从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。（如果强调动作的持续可用现在完成进行时）。for+时间段；since+起点(1990/yesterday/two hours ago/I came hereso far;these daysin the last/past years/months/days/hours;,I _(finish)the composition already.,He _(learn)English for three years.,We/You/They.,She.,have finished,has learned,结构：助动词have/has+动
4、词的过去分词句式：在have/has上变化。,用法一：表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。,She has gone.(她走了。)从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出“走”的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。,He speaks French so fluently.He learned it in Paris.He was there for two years.He has studied French.(他学过法语。)这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。,Look!The blackb
5、oard is so clean now.He has cleaned the blackboard.(他已经擦过黑板了。)这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。,这种用法常与already,just,yet,ever,never,before(句末)等连用.,I _(do)my homework already.He _(not finished)his homework yet._you ever _(be)to Haiwaii?We _ never _(see)such an exciting match before.Mother _ just _(clean)the house.Pl
6、ease dont come in.They _(practice)this dialogue twice.,have done,has not finished,Have,been,have,seen,has,cleaned,have practiced,注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.,I havent seen the film yet.,I have done my homework already.,I havent done my homework yet.,Mother
7、 has just cleaned the house.,Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.,I have seen the film already.,用法二：表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来,Mike borrowed the books two days ago.,Mike has kept the books for two days.,标志词：for+一段时间,since+过去的时间点,these years,so far,in the past/last years,We _(learn)English for three year
8、s/since two years ago/since 2000.Mr.Green _(be)in China these years.They _(write)15 songs so far.The population _(grow)more slowly in the past ten years.,have learned,has been,have written,has grown,leave be away from buyhave borrowkeep die be deadget up be upput on be on begin/startbe oncome/get ba
9、ckbe backgo to townbe in town losebe missing open be openclose be closed/not open catch a cold have a coldfall ill/asleep be ill/asleepget/receive a letter fromhave a letter from,延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳。,B、come to be here/therearrive in(at)/get to/reachbe here/therejoin the army-be in the army/be a soldierj
10、oin the League-be in the League/be a league member,一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别：,）现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。例如：,We havent seen him since last year.(我们自从去年以来一直未见到他（现在还未见到）,We didnt see him last year.我们去年没见到他（现在不一定未见到）,）现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过去
11、某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：,He has lived here since he was born.自他出生以来一直居住在这儿。（since 自从以来与现在有关，说明还居住在这儿。）,Liumei went to see her grandmother last night.刘梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只说明昨晚）,值得注意几个问题：,）动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：,We have studied English for two years(我们学英语两年了）,）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现
12、在完成时。例如：,I have been to Shanghai twice.我曾去过上海两次,）以When开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如：,When did you lose your pen?你什么时候丢了钢笔？,）just(刚刚）与现在完成时连用，just now(刚才）与一般过去时连用。例如：,The train has just gone.火车刚刚离开。,The train left here just now.火车是刚才离开。,）since 作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；since 作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。,6）
13、so far,in the last past/last 与现在完成时连用。例如：,So far,many countries have sent up satellites into space.In the last 30 years,our lives have changed a lot.,He has worked in this factory since 1996.I have known him since he was a child.,*学习现在完成时应注意的三个区别。,1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别。短暂性 动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。,2）since 和 f
14、or 的区别：since+时间点，for+时间段,3）have/has gone to(去了)、have/has been to（去过）、have/has been in（在）的区别。,现在完成时专项训练,I、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词。1.work _ _ 2.live _ _3.study _ _ 4.stop_ _5.write _ _ 6.teach_ _ e _ _ 8.forget _ _9.read _ _ 10.go _ _,II、根据句意用for或since填空。,1.They have been practicing the guitar _ two hours.2.H
15、e has taught English _ 25 years.3.The Greens have lived on the farm _ 1990.4.Its ten years _ we met each other last time.5.How long have you been a reporter?_ 8 years ago.6.I havent gone for a walk in the park _ a long time.7.Hes been collecting stamps _ he was in primary school.,III.单项选择,()1.Have y
16、ou ever read an e-book?_.A.Yes,I do B.Yes,I am C.Yes,I have D.Yes,I did()2.Have you ever _ to travel around?A.taken a train B.took train C.by a train D.by trains()3.Mr Li_ England.He_ London for two weeks.A has been to;has been to B has gone to;has been in C has been to;has been in D has gone to;has
17、 been to()4.This is the most beautiful mountain I have _ seen.A ever B never C already D yet()5.-_ you _ the Space Museum yet?-No,not yet.A.Did;go B.Have;been C.Have;ever been to D.Have;ever gone to,()6.Aquarium is an interesting place.Have you _ there?A.been B.gone C.been to D.gone to()7.The two ol
18、d men _ each other since 1970.A.didnt see B.dont see C.havent seen D.wont see()8.Bob _ kites since 1999.He is still doing it now.A.has collected B.has been collecting C.collected D.collecting()9._ has Tony run the marathon?Three times.A.How far B.How soon C.How many times D.How long()10.How long _ y
19、ou _ a doctor?Three years.A.have;been B.have;become C.did;be D.are;/,V.句型转换,1.He stayed in Shanghai for three months last year.(对画线部分提问)_ _ did he _ in Shanghai last year?2.Alice came to the school two years ago.(改为同义句)Alice has been in the school _ _ _.3.My friend Erin has been to the Great Wall be
20、fore.(改为一般疑问句)_ your friend Erin _ to the Great Wall before?4.Harvey has gone to the aquarium with his classmates already.(改为否定句)Harvey _ _ to the aquarium with his classmates_.5.I bought a new house last month.(改为同义句)I _ _ a new house _ a month.,VI、翻译句子,1、-你已经做完了家庭作业了吗？-是的，刚刚做完。_2、自从1996年以来，他已经收集了2
21、，000多张邮票。_3、-Mr Smith 去哪里了？-他去日本了。他已经去过那儿两次了。_4、我已经半年多没有见过我表弟了。他去年搬到了纽约。_,“现在完成时”命题大赛答案及解题思路,I、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词。（本题考察动词的过去式和过去分词的记忆，扎实基础）答案：1.worked,worked 2.lived,lived 3.studied,studied 4.stopped,stopped 5.wrote,wrote 6.taught,taught 7.came,came 8.forgot,forgotten 9.read,read 10.went,gone,II、根据句意用f
22、or或since填空。,本题考察现在完成时中for+时间段和since+时间点的用法）答案：1.for 2.for 3.since 4.since 5.Since 6.for 7.since,III.单项选择,1.答案C 本题考查现在完成时一般疑问句的回答2.答案A 本题考查现在完成时的构成。3.答案B 本题考查has been to/in及has gone to 的区别。4.答案A 本题考查与现在完成时态连用的常用词 ever 表示“曾经5.答案C 本题考查与现在完成时态与一般过去时的区别，yet表示“曾经”，常与现在完成时连用。6.答案A 本题考查has been to/in及has go
23、ne to 的区别以及there作为副词，直接修饰动词，前面不能加介词。7.答案C 本题考查句中若有for two years，in the past ten years，since 1990，already，just，yet，so far，ever，never，before，once，twice等类似的时间状语（或从句）时，句子（或主句）多用现在完成时。8.答案B本题考查现在完成进行时，强调动作一直从过去进行并延续到现在（此刻还在进行）。9.答案C本题考查How引导的几个短语的区别。10.答案A 本题考查现在完成时中表示延续的动作要用延续性动词。,V.句型转换,（本题考察现在完成时肯、否定句
24、和特殊疑问句间的转换）答案：1.How long,stayed 2.for two years 3.Has,been 4.hasnt gone，yet 5.have had,for,VI、翻译句子。,（本题考察学生对现在完成时的语言综合能力的掌握）答案：Have you finished your homework yet?-Yes,I have.2.He has been collecting more than 3,000 stamps since 1996.3.Wheres Mr Smith?-He has gone to Japan.He has been there twice.4.I havent seen my cousin for over half an year.He moved to New York last year.,
