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1、直接引语间接引语的区别 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；（句子中有“”）。一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。（句子中一般无“”）例如：John said,“Im going to London with my father.”约翰说：“我要和父亲到伦敦去。”（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）,二直接引语变间接引语 变化:主句动词的变化 一般说来，主句谓语动词常为said或said to，变为间接引语时
2、，当直接引语是陈述句时，said不变或变为told sb.当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要把said或said to变为asked/asked sb.,如何变人称：下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said,My brother wants to go with me.”She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你
3、所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate,How is your sister now?”He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said,Jack is a good worker.”Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.,They said,“We will go there by bus.”T
4、hey said they would go there by bus.She said to me,“Are you interested in science?”She asked me if I was interested in science.His mother said to me,“He cant go to school.”His mother told me that he couldnt go to school.,（3）、从句动词时态的变化 a.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。一般现在时一般过去时；一般过去时过去完成时；现在进行时过
5、去进行时；现在完成时过去完成时；过去完成时过去完成时（不变）；一般将来时过去将来时。例如：,如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整:现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态如：1)She said,I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen 2)She said,We hope so.She said they hoped so.3)She said,“He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend.,但要注
6、意在以下几种情况下:直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化.直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.”the teacher told me.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said,John,where were you going when I met you in the street?Ja
7、ck asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.,直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said,I was born on April 2l,1980.Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to,had better,used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,（例：could,should,would,might）不再变.如:Peter said,You
8、 had better come have today.Peter said I had better go there that day.,直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如:He says,“I have finished my homework.”He says that he has finished his homework.She will say,“Ill do it tomorrow.”She will say that shell do it the next day.如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生
9、效,变为 间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：He said,“Im a boy,not a girl.”He said that he is a boy,not a girl.如果直接引语中含有since,when,while 引导的表示过 去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的 谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me,I have taught English since he came here.He told me that he had taught English since he came here.,三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引
10、语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“当时”(例:now变为then,yesterday变为 the day before)地点状语。尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”(例：this 改为that),如：He said,These books are mine.He said those books were his.,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时:指示代词的变化为 thisthat，thesethose等；时间状语的变化为 nowthen，todaythat day，yesterdaythe day before,la
11、st week(month)-the week(month)before three days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before tomorrow-the next(following)day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month)等地点状语的变化为 herethere；动词的变化为comego(go不要变come)take bring。,四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的 宾语从句。如:She said,Our bus will arrive in five min
12、utes.”She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：1.He said,Can you swim,John?He asked John if he could swim.2.You have finished the homework,havent you?my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.3.Do you go to
13、 school by bus or by bike?He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.,直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me,When do they have their dinner?”She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)to do sth.“句型。如：Dont make any noise,she s
14、aid to the children.She told(ordered)the children not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea,please,said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词(或从句)”如:He said,Lets go to the film.He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to se
15、e the film.,、将下列句子改为间接引语 11.The teacher said to his class,Dont waste your time!12.She said to her son,Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave the room!13.His father said to him,Think,before you do it!,The teacher told his class not to waste their time.,She told her son not to forget to turn
16、 off the light when he left the room,His father told him to think before he did it.,14.The teacher said to his students,Tell briefly in your own words how penicillin was discovered.15.The leader said to him,Please write your report as short as possible.16.He said to me,Let me have a look at the book
17、 you bought.,He told me to let him have a look at the bookI had bought.,The leader told him to write his report as short as possible.,The teacher told his students to tell briefly in their own words how penicillin had been discovered.,17.He said,“I am proud of my motherland.”18.John said,“I wrote ba
18、ck telling her about it yesterday.”19.I said,I will give her some advice tomorrow.20.You are wasting your time day-dreaming!he said to Mary.,He said that he was proud of his motherland.,John said that he had written back telling her about it the day before.,I said that I would give her some advice t
19、he next day.,He told Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming.,21.You have already done your duty,he said to her.22.Mary wrote in her letter,Mr.Liu,when will you come to America?23.Dont risk your lives,men!the captain warned.24.Ill be very busy today,said the man.,He told her that she had alr
20、eady done her duty.,Mary wrote in her letter that when Mr.Liu would come to America The captain warned the men not to risk their lives.The man said that he would be very busy that day.,25.She said,We have worked on the school farm for two weeks.26.He said,Im reviewing my lessons.27.They said,We arrived this morning.28.She said to me,Have lunch with us.,She said that they had worked on the school farm for two weeks He said that he was reviewing his lessons.They said that they had arrived that morning.She told me to have lunch with them.,
