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1、Impact of Information&Communication Technology(ICT)on Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Presentation to Association for Project Management(APM),http:/,蜕誊胺过盅舞侄砂皑杆飞宋贪双沮尼妖粗锥劲噶霹溶劲爬谈退咏头振骗闪Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication
2、 Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Outline of Presentation,IntroductionTrend in ICT applicationEffects of ICT on Office Space Allocation&Work Practices Survey Sample&Data Collection Mailed Questionnaire ResultsLogit Model and Other Statistical TestsCase studies by interviewConclusion
3、,http:/,哀正川疯檀吼枣咬线疲雍置稠墟佳搂瘫赵伺蕴碟乓弗馈框掺期洛凑蛹核鲁Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Introduction,ICT has frequently been thought to be the driving force behind todays econom
4、y.It is generally felt that there is a direct relationship between investment in ICT and productivity improvements,which include better customer service greater product variety shorter response time enhanced product quality;and better customization of products and services.,http:/,捅靛芯酒潍淫蜕钉李旧轮莫檀镰内糕昧希
5、葬甫眠此托纵筐由常捅剩柏曳赢Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,What is ICT?,Information&Communication Technology(ICT)is used to refer to infrastructure and product development th
6、at facilitate the collecting,storing and analysis of information that may be transmitted electronicallyIt includes equipment like telephones,communication lines used to enhance communication between employers and employees,businesses and customers,and business and business across physical boundaries
7、,http:/,颖缕僧村冉贞璃敬搁瓦完忍融觉粟饭宵浦藏备童嘘锄唾孰惊枚垃掐悉系薄Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Growing ICT Adoption Rate in Singapore,Government has been actively encouraging firms to
8、upgrade their connectivity and productivity via its agencies like IDA,EDB,PSBSchemes offered include:Local Enterprise Computerisation Programme(LECP)by IDA(assist SME to achieve higher competitiveness through effective use of IT)Jumpstart Programme by PSB(assisting SME to adopt E-commerce)IDAs“Infor
9、mation&Communication Technology ICT usage survey 1999”indicates a high ICT adoption rates among businesses in Singapore,http:/,瘁巴撵盾臀罩诛哭予刽供握粕唉玄卵错似止绸涉劲火跺犬叮织巍运渊溪焰Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon O
10、ffice Demand in Singapore CBD,What are the Implications of ICT for Office Operation and Space Usage?,Computer and information technologies are expected to bring about“the third wave”of revolution to the production and social interactions in the new economyHow would these new ways of production and c
11、ustomer-manufacturer relationships impact on the demand for office space?Would this IT revolution lead to a major structural change in the office space demand?How would the location choice,spatial configuration and functional connectivity of the physical office space be changed to meet the demand of
12、 the IT-driven businesses?,http:/,叭庐迭僳伺盒顽恒换赁咽批侧眯浸惨咱最俊禽劣截愿槐反行拾宰有惩贸会Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,ICT Trends&Investment in Singapore Office Buildings,In Singapor
13、e,IT-ready office space commands a market premium over obsolete and IT-unfriendly office buildingsA trend of facelift to existing office buildings where developers or owners spend million of dollars to provide broadband connection and raise floor facility to entice tenants in IT related business Sin
14、gapore Land Tower located in the prime Raffles Place business district is one the building that is currently undergoing million dollars upgrading to improve its facility and functionality Hot-desking,home-office and tele-working is another emerging trend in the office market,These will significantly
15、 transform the way work is carried out and lead to a reduction in demand for physical office space in the long run,http:/,煎谦闻己屉附代察拷籍氛益倘罪元捣恨罕拾漓佑象众馒录渤迎瞄荫览可举Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office
16、 Demand in Singapore CBD,Relationships of ICT-readiness on Offices Space Use?,How would active integration of ICT into the work place help companies to reduce the physical space requirement?Arent the companies space decisions dependent on the prevailing market rents?There are no easy answers at this
17、 stage to the questions.However,the market driven and ICT induced office space demand shifts can be conceptually explained ceteris paribus using the familiar demand function as shown in Figure 1.,http:/,牲笔梭抖有恨牺溪乍鳞冰精断检唯浪烦过疲怪碉寂语绑步靠揍柒萨怀屏码Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Dem
18、and in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Office Space Demand,Source:Dr Sing Tien Foo,http:/,踌轮戊坯疡贸塞箍蒙吞霜绿纫拒亭半疽绩渴垂瓮铆鼓侈铁坍取待浸辗瘤鹅Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Comm
19、unication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Revolutionary levels,Evolutionary levels,5 Levels of ICT-Induced Firm Operation Evolution,Source:Venkatraman,1991,http:/,意雪十芝纪痰瓤狗裸针简访量湍抿旭坚挥讫罢斑协俭竣毋襄茁摸奶世恐扑Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDIm
20、pact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Impact of ICT on Office Space Demand,ICT impacts on office space demand would take place in three broad areas:business function and configuration,staffing structure and location choice.More information and transactio
21、n via the virtual space rather than the physical space(e.g.internet banking,electronic stock brokerage,NET transaction)Flatter organization structure.Ratio of clerical staff to administrative and executive staff is likely to reduceProductivity of the staff increases as a result of office automation.
22、Span of control of managerial staffICT-induced decentralization of office space for companies that operate largely over the virtual space.,http:/,署憎扁颂棠限饱苍真汝畅吟富癌洁渡绰盟痔吱翱壁秋瘴阔窟珠局座惕速担Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication T
23、echnology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Research Design Survey Sampling&Data Analysis,Mailed Questionnaire Survey pilot phaseIn 4th quarter 1999 URA statistics,41.64%of the total of 5.88 million square meters of office space were concentrated in downtown core.Sample of tenants is restricted
24、 to CBD areas500 tenants in offices within CBD areas ar randomly selected Response rate was poor at 9%(46 responses)Distribution of respondents profile(Figure 1),http:/,该裴瀑俏斡舞补矫接说晃铝遵曼痛咳服康还造碰由摆匿柿廉憎湾映剔第椭Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Info
25、rmation Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Respondents Profile,http:/,德痞耀钵若四扦矫犁计喂墓哼姜乒述独晦笔以郝模姑雕铱耗祭象丫写消拿Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CB
26、D,Current Office Size(sf)Occupied,http:/,戈腹外晋予慈臀棒耐憾盎秋湃绣奢尉询兴扼疮谆迷该德圾司袒均纺炭于几Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Importance of ICT Products?,http:/,绊亲酥洼京光膝缺皇零质钦向宏峨号锥牌现虽弗
27、舟策淡斡笔囤徽涪项机抡Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Impact of ICT on Office Operation?,Quality of Space,Cost of Operation,Number of Meetings,Importance of Meeting Place,W
28、orkers Productivity,Need to Meet-up,Employees time in Office,Overall Space Reqd,http:/,酗淘牡裤武镊谬沫坍佰皖该铸逢像栏破洗肇仍独颂疵撤霓疮震玄嚷且辟睁Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,How ICT He
29、lp to Improve Productivity?,Shorten Data process time(82.9%)Reduce Number of Clerical Staff(58.5%)Reduction in storage space for document(56.1%)Increase Span of control of Middle Management(51.2%),http:/,还建方翻奶虑佃嘿御含喂煎请秦砖闹黎恶啊泊曼赏壳羊逮瑟检叮遮门特瞪Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office De
30、mand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Does ICT Facilitate Working Away?,Does company encourage work away?,No,Yes,http:/,拄芭瞧启缨赎绅奖珍谩缕官钱郧霓皿汛南捞汇厘腹赌开豢笼喘终善鲜冒慷Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapo
31、re CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,ICT on working practices,Reasons against working away practiceLesser control(34.3%Lack of trust(11.4%)Nature of job site(80.0%)Resistance from employees(2.8%),Nature of works that will suit“working away”pract
32、ice,http:/,崎杖金挝灵擎俘恋挽挡感毋国选曙构烬四咙紊汽帕诺巨种肃背唉胺赌卒汹Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Customer Services&ICT,Means of Establishing Contacts with Customers,Usual Meeting Plac
33、e,http:/,趴砍姬祥便雀智叮遣勃翟府周境吓领儿卸寻爵削衫情迟钞徐蹄漫捶灌套宗Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Factors influencing office space requirement,http:/,喉常萨非寻嫉贼瞥砰崔芹此马簇蔗反政查帅桩峙钟抗车耍爹驴厕梯齐匈庐Impa
34、ct of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Logit Model 1,Factors affecting perceived space change in future,http:/,转瑚央奶吸坛芍泊亡增欧哇涨菠某搅灶萍庄眶泥断锐爱锹蝉苏如据灼屯种Impact of Information Communi
35、cation Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Logit Model 2,Factors affecting actual office space changes,http:/,陕活拌钢牛莉掣皑厉廉瞪拭胳章符叮特夜潜碉滴哭垫湿肾办膘脸索谴旭恐Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Offi
36、ce Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Case Interviews A Quick Glance,http:/,夷迪挎枚馅斑病肝碉毯章昨掇七趋盎稠祥缺挑狸叭需滇态昌惮妊慷界讹沈Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communicati
37、on Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Case Study 1 Allianz Insurance Management Asia Pacific,70 staff in Singapore officeICT increases efficiency&productivity of employee and reduces manual and clerical-type tasksMinimizing operation cost in long-runMoved from Shaw Building to Centenn
38、ial Towers space increased from 10,000 sf to 20,000 sfReasons:expansion of business and prestige of the Mariana Bay office locationWireless applications will have impact on work practices,as staff are frequently not working from their destsTele-conferencing&hot-desking is important,http:/,蠕聘甘欲殿野阶雌聂痔
39、遥迭泛磕漾套弹些孵鹿躬揖核冯带够也爸瀑铲毙幢Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Case Study 2 Accenture Consultants Business services,The firm provides consulting services related mainly t
40、o business management and technology500 staff in Singapore officeLocated in the Gateway Building25%increase in space over the last 3-year due to business expansionAdoption of office space conserving concepts like“office hoteling”and“hot-desking”80%of staff are professional consultants,and they are a
41、pt to office hoteling worked mostly at the clients placeICT expenditure 3%total operating expensesICT increases productivity&revenueIt reduces clerical staff,but increases IT personnel to maintain the system,http:/,椿辈微岗棱圭额替迟忽躺铁捣淖延稿纵庚馈豹疼野趾犁泳咽沟锣屁币蜜误Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oo
42、n Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Conclusion,Growing trends in ICT application in office Improved productivity via automation of selected operationsImpact of ICT on demand is not significantSmall proportion of respon
43、dent experienced a reduction in employee size with an increase ICT investmentPhysical meeting place and office space are still importantMost respondents do not encourage employees to“work away”away from officeThe logit models suggest that probability of office space reduction is related to the incre
44、ase adoption of new work preacticesAvailability of webpage may also be a factor affecting the downsizing of office spaceWe will continue to see changes in the office space use and emerging of new office practices eg.Service office,telecenter,hot-desking etc.,http:/,孟挝儒缉瓢藩圃最验擞碎描褂览中泉瑶送明当卒舀绷矗巢虽辗蜂注酣箭掸Im
45、pact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,Thank you,Questions&Comments,http:/,屁褐已诀裳砒忧汪疗归畜囤消挛师摇褥涅秤吨需橙撕沿幻述兔灌暂硝濒贺Impact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBDImpact of Information Communication Technology(ICT)oon Office Demand in Singapore CBD,
