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1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions,考纲知识预览,熟记单词,1(adj.)实际的，实用的，实践的2(adj.)稳定的，稳固的，安定的3(vt.&vi.)辨别，显示的差别4(n.)(工业)产品5(vt.&n)联想，联系；同伴，伙伴,practical,stable,distinguish,product,associate,考纲知识预览,6(adj.&n)当前的，现在的；(水或 气)流7(n.&vt.)小圆点；以小圆点标出8(adj.)突然的，意外的9(adj.)方便的，便利的，就近的10(n.)预料，期待，期望11(vt.)监控,current,dot,abrupt
2、,convenient,expectation,monitor,考纲知识预览,12(adj.)被动的，消极的13(n.)(评判的)标准，尺度14(adj.)有效的，确凿的15(n.)申请，申请表16(n.&vt.)文件，档案；将归档，提交17(vt.&n)轻敲，轻拍；(水)龙头18(vt.)忍受，忍耐，负担19(n.)杂乱20(n.)稻草，麦秆，吸管,passive,criterion,valid,application,file,tap,bear,mess,straw,考纲知识预览,1.给打电话2有时，偶尔3着手做某事4万一，以免5交通堵塞6开始做,翻译词组,call up,now and
3、then,set about doing sth.,in case,traffic jam,set out to do,考纲知识预览,7事实上8别挂断，紧紧抓住，稍等9发生故障，次序颠倒10接通电话，通过，(设法)做完11回复电话12挂断电话,in truth,hang on,out of order,get through,ring back,ring off,考纲知识预览,13就情况而言14想出，提出，拿出15表现自己，表现突出 16将手伸入中，潜心于,in the case of,come up with,distinguish,oneself,dive into,考纲知识预览,The
4、patent was given in 1876，but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.这项专利是1876年发布的，但是贝尔是在五天之后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。,背诵句型,考纲知识预览,例句仿写(1)It is not until you have kids of your own that you know the hardships your parents suffered.等你有了孩子之后才知道父母的艰辛。(2
5、)It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.直到我遇见了你，才知道什么是真正的幸福。,巧学活用,名师一线讲坛,1.distinguish vi.&vt.辨别；显示的差别(1)distinguish between.and.区分/辨别和distinguish.from.使有别于，使具有区别于的特征be distinguished for.因而出名distinguish oneself(as.)(作为)表现突出,名师一线讲坛,(2)distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的distinguishable adj.易分
6、辨的，能区分的(3)distinguish常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用；tell也可表“辨认，辨别”，常与can或could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。,名师一线讲坛,1完成句子(1)You should learn to _ _(明辨是非)(2)The twins are so alike that _ _(没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个)(3)我弄不清“above all”和“first of all”用法的不同。(汉译英)_,即境活用,名师一线讲坛,答案：(1)distinguish between right and wrong(2)no one can distingu
7、ish one from the other(3)I cant tell the difference between the usages of“above all”and“first of all”,名师一线讲坛,2.bear vt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担(1)bear doing/n./to do忍受bear sb./sb.s doing sth.忍受某人做某事(2)bear sb./sth.out证实；为作证bear with sb./sth.耐心对待；容忍bear sth.in mind牢记,名师一线讲坛,2完成句子(1)I doubt if that chair
8、_ _(承受得了你的体重)(2)She _(生了三个孩子)(3)He cant bear _(遭人嘲笑),即境活用,名师一线讲坛,(4)You must _(要记住)that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.答案：(1)will bear your weight(2)has borne three children(3)being laughed at(4)bear it in mind,名师一线讲坛,3.associate vt.联想，联系n同伴，伙伴(1)associate sb./sth.with sb
9、./sth.把和联系在一起；由联想到be associated with.和有关associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交道associate oneself with sth.声称或表示自己赞同某事物(2)association n联合；联想；交往；协会；团体in association with.与合伙/合作,名师一线讲坛,3完成句子(1)Ive never _(把你和这个地方联系在一起)(2)I wouldnt want to _ _(和他的计划有任何瓜葛)(3)I wish to forget everything _ _(与我以前有关的)and start a new l
10、ife.,即境活用,名师一线讲坛,答案：(1)associated you with this place(2)be associated with his project(3)associated with my past,名师一线讲坛,4.mess n杂乱，脏乱，脏东西；不整洁或乱七八糟的事v无所事事，混日子，乱闹be in a mess杂乱无章make a mess of把搞得一塌糊涂mess around(about)混日子，浪费时间mess up搞乱，搞糟,名师一线讲坛,4完成句子(1)Theres _(许多脏东西)to clear up.(2)This room _(杂乱不堪)(3
11、)The report you did is _ _(乱七八糟)do it again.,即境活用,名师一线讲坛,(4)This illness _ _(把我的假期计划打乱了)(5)He spent all day just _ _(游手好闲)(6)His late arrival _ _(打乱了)our plans.答案：(1)a lot of mess(2)is in a mess(3)a real mess(4)made a mess of my holiday plans(5)messing about(6)messed up,名师一线讲坛,5.hang on紧握住；坚持下去，继续干；
12、(打电话时)等一等hang about在荡来荡去hang around等待；逗留，闲荡hang together相符；一致；连贯hang up挂断电话hang up on sb.突然挂断某人的电话,名师一线讲坛,5.完成句子(1)Im afraid the line is busy，_(你能再等一会吗)?(2)I know youre tired，but try to _(再坚持一会吧)答案：(1)would you like to hang on(2)hang on a bit longer,即境活用,名师一线讲坛,6.dive into(1)跳水(头朝下)；将手伸入中；(对活动、问题等)全
13、心投入，潜心研究(2)作“潜心于”讲时和devote oneself to sth.的意思一样，但devote oneself to sth.还有“投身于，把自己奉献给”的意思。,名师一线讲坛,6完成句子(1)The boy _(跳入河中)from the bridge.(2)He _(将手伸入口袋中)and pulled out a quarter.(3)He _(潜心研究中国历史)答案：(1)dived into the river(2)dived into his pocket(3)dived in/into the history of China,即境活用,名师一线讲坛,7.in c
14、ase万一；以免in case of后加名词或代词，意为“要是，在的时候”。如：In case of fire，ring the bell.“如发生火灾，请速按铃。”而in case后跟句子。in this case如果这样的话in that case如果那样的话in any case无论如何in no case决不，任何情况下都不,名师一线讲坛,7完成句子(1)Youd better take the raincoat _ _(以防下雨)(2)_(如果是那样的话)we had to give up the plan.(3)我们决不能干这样的事情。(汉译英)_答案：(1)in case it
15、rains(2)In that case(3)In no case can we do such a thing.,即境活用,专题突破锦囊,阅读中的词义猜测(3)代词替代法一般来讲，代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再最后判定它是否为正确答案。,专题一,突破阅读理解,专题突破锦囊,Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem，of
16、ten over fairly long periods of time.Indeed，it would be strange if they had not done this.Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society.The act of discovery，even in the
17、relatively,专题突破锦囊,predictable(可以预见的)sense that it occurs in everyday learning，involves(涉及)a“sudden insight”which changes the problem situation into a solution situation.As we have seen，everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past，which is invol
18、ved in the solution.,专题突破锦囊,What does the underlined word“this”refer to?AGreat contributions to the society.BLongtime study of the subject matter.CVarious statements about problem solving.DComplete devotion to artistic creation.,专题突破锦囊,【解析】this在此段中指代上一句中提到的科学家研究一个问题要花费很长时间的身心投入。【答案】B,专题突破锦囊,完成下列阅读理解
19、。(2008年高考天津卷)We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively(被动地)We achieve it actively by direct experience，by testing and proving an idea，or by reasoning.,技巧演练,专题突破锦囊,We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else.Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the k
20、ind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive.Conditioned as we are to passive learning，its not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co workers.,专题突破锦囊,Unfortunately，passive learning has a serious problem.It makes us tend to ac
21、cept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言),专题突破锦囊,Did you ever play the game Rumor？It begins when one person writes down a message but doesnt show it to anyone.Then the person whispers it，word for word，to another person.That person，in turn，whispers it to still anoth
22、er，and so on，through all the people playing the game.The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it.Then the two written statements are compared.Typically，the original message has changed.,专题突破锦囊,Thats what happens in daily life.The simple fact that people repeat a story
23、 in their own words changes the story.Then，too，most people listen imperfectly.And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story，trying to improve on it，stamping(打上标记)it with their own personal style.Yet those who hear it think they know.,专题突破锦囊,This process is also found among schol ars and
24、authors：A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as a fact by another，who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this process may continue，unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon
25、those facts.,专题突破锦囊,【文章大意】本文主要讲述了被动习得的弊端。1According to the passage，passive learning may occur in_.Adoing a medical experimentBsolving a math problemCvisiting an exhibitionDdoing scientific reasoning,专题突破锦囊,解析：选C。推理判断题。本文主要讲述的是在日常生活中，人们对一些说法常常会出现人云亦云并经过添油加醋的情况。A、B、D三项都是人们主动习得的情况，C项“参观展览”符合文章中讲述的被动习得的
26、含义。,专题突破锦囊,2The underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refers to_.Aactive learningBknowledgeCcommunication Dpassive learning解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据上下文可知it一词在此指代passive learning。,专题突破锦囊,3The author mentions the game Rumor to show that_.Aa message may be changed when being passed onBa message should be delivered in
27、 different waysCpeople may have problems with their sense of hearingDpeople tend not to believe in what they know as rumor,专题突破锦囊,解析：选A。推理判断题。作者以“咬耳朵”游戏为例，旨在说明在信息传递过程中，由于传递者不断地加入自己的理解，最终的信息内容与原始内容会大相径庭。,专题突破锦囊,4What can we infer from the passage?AActive learning is less important.BPassive learning m
28、ay not be reliable.CActive learning occurs more frequently.DPassive learning is not found among scholars.解析：选B。通读全文可知，信息在传递过程中可能就改变了原来的意思，因此被动学到的知识可能就不可信了。,专题突破锦囊,解决问题型议论文写作模板这类议论文一般分为三部分：发现问题、分析问题与提出解决问题的建议。1发现问题：In recent days，we have to face a problem that_.(陈述问题)As is often noticed，_.(陈述问题),专题二,
29、写作导与练,专题突破锦囊,2分析问题：_.(分析这一问题存在的危害性)3提出自己的看法与解决办法：With the help of modern technology，we now have many means to solve it./By doing.，we can.Whats the most important is that./Only when.can we.,专题突破锦囊,解决办法：Firstly，_.Secondly，_.Finally，_.结论：In a word，it is clear/obvious that.,专题突破锦囊,阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右
30、的英语短文。Water is essential to our life.In factories it is used for manufacture.At home people need it for drinking，cooking and washing.Water also gives life to trees and crops.It is water that maintain our physical life and provides us with green fresh surroundings.So we may well say that water is the
31、 foundation of human existence；we cannot live without it.,即时训练,专题突破锦囊,Now people everywhere are trying to obtain water and more and more wells are dug in the countryside.One canal after another is built to lead river water to the big cities to meet the needs for water.In some areas rain and snow wat
32、er is carefully stored for everyday use.,专题突破锦囊,However，sometimes，people dont take good care of water.Water wastes and water pollution cause more and more trouble for the development of industry and peoples living conditions.So it is very important that measures should be taken to economize water an
33、d protect it from pollution.,专题突破锦囊,【写作内容】1概括短文的内容要点，该部分的词数大约为30；2就“Treasure Water”这一主题发表你的看法，该部分的词数大约为120。短文至少包含以下的内容：(1)一些人洗澡、洗碗、洗衣服时，一直开着自来水；(2)洗完后没关紧水龙头就走了，让水不停地滴；(3)你对此有何看法？为什么？,专题突破锦囊,【写作要求】1可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2标题自拟。,专题突破锦囊,【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。_,专题突破锦囊,One pos
34、sible version：The passage tells us that water is the source of all life on earth.Water is so limited that people are trying every means to create fresh water.But the water available isnt well protected and is even polluted.As is often noticed，when some people take a bath，wash their bowls and clothes
35、，the running water doesnt stop until everything ends；even when everything is washed，they seldom switch off the water，only letting it drop all the way.,专题突破锦囊,Many people havent realized that water resources are not limitless.China is a country short of water.Lots of rivers and lakes have been polluted and the water is unfit to drink.Therefore，measures should be taken to solve this problem.Firstly，we should save water and make good use of water resources.Secondly，we must keep water clean and protect it from being polluted.Finally，more trees have to be planted to keep ecological balance.,
