初中英语时态练习讲解.doc

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1、初中英语时态综合讲解训练学习英语时态的意义：英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上有很大的差异：如，“他经常帮助我。”“他昨天帮助我了。”和“他一直在帮助我。”这三句话当中，汉语的动词“帮助”没有任何变化，而是用“经常”、“一直”和“昨天”分别表达出时间的区别。英语就不同，它必须用动词本身的形态变化来完成任务。 He often helps me. 他经常帮助我。 He helped me yesterday. 他昨天帮助我了。 He has been helping me. 他一直在帮助我。在这几句中，动词help的意义没有变化，但形态变了.我们初中英语需要掌握多少个时态呢？一 初中英语常见的八种时态

2、一般现在时谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数 eg: He often goes to school by bike.一般过去时谓语用动词的过去式 eg:Mary went to see her parents last week.一般将来时谓语用will/be going to +动词原形 eg: I will go to the zoo next Sunday.现在进行时谓语用 am/is/are+现在分词 eg:It is snowing now.现在完成时谓语用 have/has+过去分词 eg:He has lived here for three years.过去进行时谓语用were/w

3、as+现在分词 eg: I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday.过去完成时谓语用had+过去分词 eg:He said he had taught in the university since 1989.过去将来时谓语用would或was/were going to +动词原形 eg:He said he would ring me up at six.1 一般现在时1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：often ,usually, always, every day/week, sometimes, at

4、, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。提醒：当第三人称单数作主语时，别忘了动词的变化 He usually goes to school by bike.2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3） 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句

5、中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 2 一般过去时1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, last week/month/year, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I

6、 was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warmwelcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 3） used to / be used to used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。 Scarf used to

7、take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。 be used to + doing：对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。be used to do : “被用来做” 是被动语态例如：The wood is used to make paper.典型例题- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442. A. didnt B. couldn

8、t C. dont D. cant 答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。3 一般将来时1)一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用时间状语有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening, next week/month/year, soon, in a few days 等例如：Mr Wu will teach us this term.2）will +动词原形， 表示将来We wont leave before nine. 9点之前我们不会走。在疑问句中，当主

9、语是第一人称I 或We 时，常用shall.例如：What time shall we leave? 我们什么时候出发？3） be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

10、 4） 一般现在时表将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。 在时间或条件状语从句中。经常在这些从句中表示主将从现的词有（when-, as soon as , if, until-等）例如： When Bill comes （不

11、是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 If I find his phone number,I will tell you.He will wait until the rain stops.5） 用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you s

12、taying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？4.现在进行时1）现在进行时由“助动词am /is /are +现在分词”构成，表示现在正在进行的动作。时间状语为：now, look! listen! 现在的具体时间等。例如：I am reading a book now. 我正在读书 He is watching TV at 9:00. 9点时他正在看电视。2）“连系动词+介词/副词”也可表示正在进行的动作例如： He is at work. 他在工作3）没有进行时的动词 表示“存在、位置”的动词。如：be（是），lie（位于），stand（位于） She is

13、 a doctor. 她是名医生。 The mountain lies in the middle of the country.这座山位于该国的中部。 The tower stands beside the river.这座塔位于河边。 但是，lie, stand分别作“躺、站”解时，可用于现在进行时。如： The cat is lying under the table.猫躺在桌子下面。 He is standing against the door.他正靠门站着。表示“所有”的动词。如：have（有），own（拥有） I have a new car.我有一辆新车。 He owns a

14、lot of houses.他拥有许多房子。 但是，当have作“吃、举行”讲时，可用于现在进行时。如： She is having lunch now.她现在正在吃午饭。 They are having a sports meeting.他们正在举行运动会。表示感觉的动词。如：see（看到），hear（听到），smell（闻到），feel（摸起来）， taste（尝起来），find（发现）等。 I see a snake lying in the grass.我看到一条蛇躺在草丛里。表示心理活动和情感的动词，如：know（知道），understand（理解），think（作为）， like（

15、喜欢），love（爱），hate（恨），hope（希望），want（想要）等。 I think they are right.我认为他们是正确的。 I like music.我喜欢音乐。 但是，think作“想，考虑”解时，可用于进行时态。如： Im thinking about it now.我现在正在考虑这事。 Do you know what he is thinking about?你知道他在想什么吗？ 5.过去进行时1）过去进行时由“was/were +现在分词”构成，表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。常用时间状语：at that time, at six yester

16、day, at that moment, when he came in ,while-等。例如：They were having a class this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他们正在上课。When he came in, I was reading a book. When 和while 的用法区别when用得最广，常可代替while,与while从句比较，when从句中的动词可以是延续性也可是非延续性的。而while从句中，动词只能是延续性动词. 例如：When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping

17、quietly. (只能用when) While I was doing my homework, the telephone rang. (when和while可以互换)当两个表示时间延续的动作同时发生而有具有对比意味时，用while，在这样的复合句中，主，从句的时态通常是相同的。 例如： Father was repairing a report while I was playing PC games. while更强调两个动作同时进行。 要表达转折“而，却”的意思时，也只用while. 例如： I like drinking tea with nothing in it while h

18、e loves it with sugar and milk.6 现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在;(时间状语：never, ever, yet, just, already, 等)例如：-Havent you finished your homework yet? 你还没有完成你的家庭作业吗？ -Yes, I have. Iv just finished it. 不， 我完成啦。我刚刚完成的。也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。(常用时间状语：before, recently, once, twice, for ,since yet等)其构成：h

19、ave（has）+过去分词。例如：How many letters have you written to your father? 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so f

20、ar, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get ma

21、rried等。例如： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争） He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）

22、 注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time that 结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这

23、城市。 This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is +形容词最高级+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 典型例题 （1） -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A.

24、was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 （2） -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 注意： 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不

25、发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿二十多年了。 (延续) I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。(开始时间) 注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成

26、时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。） I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。） 注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。 1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2）（错） Harry has got marrie

27、d for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. since的四种用法 1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如： I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直

28、在这儿。 2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如： I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。 3） since +从句。例如： Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。 Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。 4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如： It is two years since I became a postgraduate stude

29、nt. 我考上研究生有两年了。 延续动词与瞬间动词 1） 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如： He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果） Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历） 2） 用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示做直到 瞬间动词用于否定句， 表示到，才。例如： He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten ocloc

30、k. 他一直睡到10点。 典型例题 1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。 2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. wi

31、ll be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 常见的终止性动词要接一段时间时，需做如下转换：buy-have borrow-keep begin-be on close/open-be closed/open die-be dead finish-be over marry-be married go be offjoin-be in 或be +成员 put on- be in 或 wear leave-be away 例如：I have been in the army for three years.= I have been a soldier for thr

32、ee years. 我参军三年啦。 have been to , have gone to , have been in 三种结构的区别have been to “去过”表示“过去曾经去过某地”说话时已经从该地回来（已经回来） 例如：Have you been to China before? 你以前去过中国吗？have gone to“去了” 表示“已去了某地”，说话时不再说话地点（还没有回来）例如：-Where is Mr Li ？ -He has gone to London.have been in 表示“已在某地（呆了多久）”后为大地地点用in ,小地点用at.例如：Mary hav

33、e been in Chine for 3 months. Mary 呆在中国3个月啦 LiLeis aunt have been here for half a year.(后为副词there, here, home等，不用介词in 或at) 7过去完成时 1） 概念：表示过去的过去 其构成是had +过去分词构成。2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。 b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先

34、，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 3）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。例如

35、： He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。 典型例题 ：The students _ busily when M

36、iss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前，因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在同学们正忙于这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。 注意： had hardly when 还没等 就。例如： I had hardly

37、 opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。 had no soonerthan 刚 就。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。 用一般过去时代替过去完成时 1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如： When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽

38、子，我把它丢了。 2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如： When I heard the news, I was very excited. 我听到这个消息后，很兴奋。3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 老师告诉我们，哥伦比亚在1492年发现美州。综合练习.1 . My sister _ the Youth League last year. She _ a Youth League me

39、mber for about a year now. A. joinedhas become B. joinedhas been C. has joinedhas been D. did joinhad been.2. Neither of us _ a doctor. A. were B. am C. is D. are3. Mr Zhao doesnt like swimming, _? A. didnt he B. did he C. does he D. wont he .4. Ill talk to him when he _. A. come B. will come C. com

40、es D. came.5. They _ supper when we _ into the room. A. are havingwent B. were havinggo C. were havingwent D. are havinggo.6. Well go climbing if it _ tomorrow. A. wont rain B. did rain C. isnt rain D. doesnt rain.7. I dont know if it _ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rain.8. Nathan

41、Hale _ he _ his life for his country. A. saidgive B. sayswill give C. saidgives D. saidwould give.9. Most people _ TV. A. enjoy to watch B. enjoy watch C. enjoy watching D. enjoys watching.10.Father _ his cap and went out. A. put on B. puts on C. had put D. will put on.11.How long _ your uncle _ in

42、the army ? A. hasjoined B. hasbeen C. doesjoin D. hadjoined.12.Peter _ the work in a week. A. have finished B. finishes C. is finishing D. will finish.13.The students _ the History Museum if it _ fine tomorrow. A. will visit.is B. will visitwill be C. would visit was D. would visitwould be.14.Joan _

43、 me whether I _ the book before. A. askedhad read B. askedshall read C. askedwould read D. askedhas read.15.By the end of last term, we _ Book Five. A. have learned B. would learn C. had learned D. were learning.16._ she _ her lessons at seven yesterday evening ? A. Wasgoing over B. Isgo over C. Has

44、gone over D. Willgo over.17.He cant go to the cinema with me because he _ a meeting. A. was having B. would have C. is having D. had.18.Both of the two dictionaries _ very useful. A. are B. is C. was D. am.19. He _ to me since last month. A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. hasnt written D. wont write.20. Xu Ping _ to Japan only once. A. has gone B. had gone C. had been D. has been.21. Nobody _ the answer. A. have kno