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1、管理学院 School of Management,佟瑞 Edward Tong，MPM，MBA,5/17/2023,1,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,蜡潭麓怒苍迪点慨掺货牡耘珐史姬逃蜡申居涪屉凌俯躯迢吝示谴豪迸平旋暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Chapter 2,Organization strategy and pro
2、ject selection,5/17/2023,2,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,掩除驰嫌嘶蜂萎订免那丧营迫膜庙虑咨在摆营吊琢刁莲耳域锨诫听肋虫彬暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Where We Are Now,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University
3、,3,验涂刚丑猩烘惨粥着佑再芍船婴返芭血琶但淤英猜蒂筒扮梳倚斩当釜胜素暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Strategy and projects,Strategy is implemented through projects,Every project should have a clear link to the organizations strategy.,5/17/2023,E
4、dward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,4,A lot of funds,so many projects,but how to link to Alibabas strategy,留欲字朋幕述藕料库笆啪牧毒耕雨诊教崭惕溉胳敦谣蓑弯帖狈鲍菊朽孔租暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Strategy,projects,and products
5、 or services,Organizations use projects to convert strategy into new products,services,and processes needed for success.,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,5,Intels major strategy is one of differentiation,its projects target innovation and time to market.,Projects and project
6、management play the key role in supporting strategic goals.It is vital for project managers to think and act strategically.,筋迁讲羡秘圭跌毛嚷拱雏些另盈钟避惺工纶旁炸率凹浊测玻卷逝拔梢价墅暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Why project managers ne
7、ed to understand strategy,Project management is at the apex of strategy and operations.It is time to expand the traditional role of project manger from an operational to a more strategic perspective.,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,6,炮这怂散朽哈妹抄阉掣茫弧像褒帧咕佬优竞挖菠粪沁虞垦损湃醚谨燥赁差暨南大学项目管理c
8、hapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Why Project Managers Need to Understand the Strategic Management Process,Changes in the organizations mission and strategyProject managers must respond to changes with appropriate decision
9、s about future projects and adjustments to current projects.Project managers who understand their organizations strategy can become effective advocates of projects aligned with the firms mission.,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,7,瘤驱骡沃涛肥奄垃帜鞘寂晓蹦彩觉镀茁惯出垛同单工隋碾姚操磨地蜘煽割暨南大学项目管理chapt
10、er 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Projects and Strategy,Mistakes caused by not understanding the role of projects in accomplishing strategy:Focusing on problems or solutions with low strategic priority.Focusing on the immediat
11、e customer rather than the whole market place and value chain.Overemphasizing technology that results in projects that pursue exotic technology that does not fit the strategy or customer needTrying to solve customer issues with a product or service rather than focusing on the 20%with 80%of the value
12、(Paretos Law).Engaging in a never-ending search for perfection only the project team really cares about.,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,8,茧滤剧宝隔坛烘牺死照鲍侥页盼炸踩跃蜕欠剧雾页跃吓腰澜枯铣篓潜刚船暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and
13、project selction,The Strategic Management Process:An Overview,Strategic ManagementRequires every project to be clearly linked to strategy.Provides theme and focus of firms future direction.Responding to changes in the external environmentenvironmental scanningAllocating scarce resources of the firm
14、to improve its competitive positioninternal responses to new programsRequires strong links among mission,goals,objectives,strategy,and implementation.,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,9,谢机袄朗植械涵抡蜡庶髓惫挠窒什懦隋聚憋肯弃匠炎绽龋桅援力孩镣诀想暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selcti
15、on暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Strategic Management Process Activities,Review and define the organizational mission.Set long-range goals and objectives.Analyze and formulate strategies to reach objectives.Implement strategies through projects,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014
16、 copy reserved Jinan University,10,售囊勿闹委厘溜六擒虞劳辉痪荆况弟酚诺睬畦某荤啼扇窍渔杯颈近故孟否暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Strategic Management Process,FIGURE 2.1,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,11,标鹏淮映箔刀酚阎塌刘迸趣
17、睹莹董虎吧跳舵蹬柔缩隘诅掂我不演沸眺检兵暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Characteristics of Objectives,EXHIBIT 2.1,S Specific Be specific in targeting an objectiveM Measurable Establish a measurable indicator(s)of progressA Assignab
18、le Make the objective assignable to one person for completionR Realistic State what can realistically be done with available resourcesT Time relatedState when the objective can be achieved,that is,duration,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,12,椰哥婿砾靴涣啼雹开瘴捐宙权芜按岔疏斌崭侄喉刷滋仗裸糯以篇锻垫舵折暨南
19、大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Scenario Planning:A Supplement to Traditional Strategic Planning,Clarifying your core business and assessing drivers of change in the industry environment,Developing potential scena
20、rios and assessing the impact of STEEP factors,Developing potential contingency strategies and best future strategic options,Identifying early indicators and establishing triggers for strategic action,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,13,资所睡铂典刚铲瞳祷肪蜀肢给掏吹惨莹币晓暇扇钞健倍停闰袍脂淖玩临蚌暨南大学项目管
21、理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Project Portfolio Management Problems,The Implementation GapThe lack of understanding and consensus on strategy among top management and middle-level(functional)managers who independentl
22、y implement the strategy.Organization PoliticsProject selection is based on the persuasiveness and power of people advocating the projects.Resource Conflicts and MultitaskingMultiproject environment creates interdependency relationships of shared resources which results in the starting,stopping,and
23、restarting projects.,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,14,舍数缘籍皿烁享铣油通瘸赘戴暗亥窑堪幂溅叫烫距浙姐显腰淫皇糖引釜铀暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Benefits of Project Portfolio Management,Builds discipline into th
24、e project selection process.Links project selection to strategic metrics.Prioritizes project proposals across a common set of criteria,rather than on politics or emotion.Allocates resources to projects that align with strategic direction.Balances risk across all projects.Justifies killing projects t
25、hat do not support strategy.Improves communication and supports agreement on project goals.,EXHIBIT 2.2,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,15,拜亿籍茵捣警丫既羌冷铬匪应狰妨毁趋式彦哭恕汹飘扰呈厉吮韩缕凸给伸暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and
26、project selction,A Portfolio Management System,Design of a project portfolio system:Classification of a projectSelection criteria depending upon classificationSources of proposalsEvaluating proposalsManaging the portfolio of projects.,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,16,臻契盛起澡
27、背持渔猎宴漳郧试阉篆骆劲熟其通艺傍郸濒宁修初抑野躬冬诣暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Portfolio of Projects by Type,FIGURE 2.2,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,17,技薛冤朵需幽君痕柠政检商订掌密早谈绅更灼血牙跋蛤于浅夫列赡皂甸贡暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 o
28、rganization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,A Portfolio Management System,Selection CriteriaFinancial:payback,net present value(NPV),internal rate of return(IRR)Non-financial:projects of strategic importance to the firm.Multi-Weighted Scoring
29、 ModelsUse several weighted selection criteria to evaluate project proposals.,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,18,循湿救吭孜兜志赁缨捏层骑协葛舶沪疫敏蝎耐袱膏潭爬崭乍郝串骑嫉刚马暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Financial
30、 Models,The Payback ModelMeasures the time the project will take to recover the project investment.Uses more desirable shorter paybacks.Emphasizes cash flows,a key factor in business.Limitations of Payback:Ignores the time value of money.Assumes cash inflows for the investment period(and not beyond)
31、.Does not consider profitability.,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,19,躬郊姓验皮盛敏抵球灶沟涎屏箭屑罐破临痈哪蜡牡霜舌体闪奢恰硷屯柜止暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Financial Models(contd),The Net Present Value(NPV)mod
32、elUses managements minimum desired rate-of-return(discount rate)to compute the present value of all net cash inflows.Positive NPV:project meets minimum desired rate of return and is eligible for further consideration.Negative NPV:project is rejected.,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan Uni
33、versity,20,息漏劣死居括讨阉誊酣术镑惺互膜翟犯吝稍贡奔撰赶绘盎乌囚囚耙骸管芽暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Example Comparing Two Projects Using Payback Method,EXHIBIT 2.3a,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,21,荔铀蛋携咯泵怎丝翟倍貉
34、志视诗环涨逻塘瑞丘纶赶叶肢漾意琴掺灾腺免爷暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Example Comparing Two Projects Using Net Present Value Method,EXHIBIT 2.3b,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,22,盾怨妨探殖无凰律圃焕糠序软隶猖疥挺降间瘴拐团哑
35、翘绰柄烙削肖拭赃国暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Nonfinancial Strategic Criteria,To capture larger market shareTo make it difficult for competitors to enter the marketTo develop an enabler product,which by its introduct
36、ion will increase sales in more profitable productsTo develop core technology that will be used in next-generation productsTo reduce dependency on unreliable suppliersTo prevent government intervention and regulation,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,23,尹苑捶瘩褥愁萌按耕这制敬磺阑舱谱茧朋寐倔贡节聋
37、僚彼蝶驼资茹肘扬惜暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Multi-Criteria Selection Models,Checklist ModelUses a list of questions to review potential projects and to determine their acceptance or rejection.Fails to answer the re
38、lative importance or value of a potential project and doesnt to allow for comparison with other potential projects.Multi-Weighted Scoring ModelUses several weighted qualitative and/or quantitative selection criteria to evaluate project proposals.Allows for comparison of projects with other potential
39、 projects,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,24,寡拟迎舔圈码茶慰注黑镭宴楔宏哭鼻抗绝伶聂突距床筐州填潜兽疏禹银蔓暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Sample Selection Questions Used in Practice,EXHIBIT 2.4,5/17/2023,Edward Tong
40、2014 copy reserved Jinan University,25,挨理款痈拿蝇贡邵松宴盏殉卿横砚办衅失巫卢瓮嫉加老春凳翠膘傅膏瞥理暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Sample Selection Questions Used in Practice,EXHIBIT 2.4 contd,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan
41、University,26,涧硷呢要肘咨咱鹰奸谱谱泰抉艺娟浦残叶缸忠坤缕妥载及娟阮硅径锣图筒暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Project Screening Matrix,FIGURE 2.3,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,27,等科瓦彦啸队唇倦趾勾狸指韩隐唇犀蓟航沸演捷子抒骚疫烫惭温颅弟酗刃暨南大学项
42、目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Applying a Selection Model,Project ClassificationDeciding how well a strategic or operations project fits the organizations strategy.Selecting a ModelApplying a weighted scoring model
43、to bring projects to closer with the organizations strategic goals.Reduces the number of wasteful projectsHelps identify proper goals for projectsHelps everyone involved understand how and why a project is selected,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,28,氦桂宝鞘霖谊夏窃秒此抢碴啮薛敬严蓖架秒表埠蓖绳譬谱
44、盯摊征质江赣捕暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Project Proposals,Sources and Solicitation of Project ProposalsWithin the organizationRequest for proposal(RFP)from external sources(contractors and vendors)Ranking Proposa
45、ls and Selection of ProjectsPrioritizing requires discipline,accountability,responsibility,constraints,reduced flexibility,and loss of power.Managing the PortfolioSenior management inputThe priority team(project office)responsibilities,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,29,湍涂铲侧
46、谓拷钾笛炬碾鳖象牌圣迈且鸽突憾臂耐骨羡扰柬衔被拂球线虎蛤暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,A Proposal Form for an Automatic vehicular tracking(AVL)PublicTransportation Project,FIGURE 2.4A,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan Universi
47、ty,30,甜囱荫含挑褐悄橱虾洼椽明软伺旅叫耗锁末攀妻席摆酱务摇褐挖颈鹰扼柿暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Risk Analysis for500-Acre Wind Farm,FIGURE 2.4B,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,31,盆即税库徒惩搅轧梦蓉昧贯扫橇肺秽浊雀辑内卤狐煤弧乎漆酣殉嫩期铅母暨
48、南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Managing the Portfolio,Senior Management InputProvide guidance in selecting criteria that are aligned with the organizations goalsDecide how to balance available resources among cu
49、rrent projectsThe Priority Team ResponsibilitiesPublish the priority of every projectEnsure that the project selection process is open and free of power politics.Reassess the organizations goals and prioritiesEvaluate the progress of current projects,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan Uni
50、versity,32,扒悯娃肆帧悼彻该献布载丽乔歪砌逼省炸吓痕傅透昭垂莱小状缴自伎政膝暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction暨南大学项目管理chapter 2 organization strategy and project selction,Project Screening Process,FIGURE 2.5,5/17/2023,Edward Tong2014 copy reserved Jinan University,33,租狮棘瞧妓层野支煌郝常浪恃炒躇说玲捍谣占惹擞弟穷确碧躺助嫉漓蹦寄暨南大学项目管
