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1、动词的时态和语态动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。一，主要动词时态的构成英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的有十一种。见下表：时态名称构 成一般现在时do/does,（连系动词is/am/are）一般过去时did,（连系动词was/were）一般将来时will/shall dois/am/are going to dois/am/are(about)to do现在进行时is/am/are doing过去进行时was/were doing将来进行时will be doi
2、ng现在完成时has/have done过去完成时had done将来完成时will/shall have done现在完成进行时has/have been doing过去将来时would/should do was/were going to dowas/were(about)to do二，主要时态的基本用法和重点点击（一）一般现在时基本用法：1.表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用行为动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用We always care for each other and help each other.2.表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受主句时态的限制)The geography teac
3、her told us the earth moves around the sun.重点点击：1.表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，只用一般现在时；The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。2.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中有时可以用shall或will表“意愿”，不表示时态；Ill go there after I finish my work.If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will b
4、e pleased.3.以here, there开头的句子里，go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。There comes the bus.汽车来了。/ Here she comes.她来了。（二）一般过去时基本用法：1.过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。2.表达过去发生的动作We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。重点点击：1.有些动词如：think, want, plan等用在一般过去时中常常译为“原来认为
5、/以为，原来想，原计划”。 I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt.2.考生有时用现在完成时代替一般过去时Hello, I _you were in London. How long _here?A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are youC. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been（三）一般将来时基本用法：1.表示将来的动作和存在的状态The first time well send you with an experienc
6、ed reporter.2.表示一种倾向或习惯性动作Oil will float on water./ Crops will die without water.一般将来时几种特殊表达形式的区别1.be going to：表示某人打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事I am going to visit my friend in hospital./ It looks as if it is going to rain.2.be about to：表示即时的将来。一般不与时间状语连用Now ladies and gentleman, youre about to hear the most in
7、credible tale.3.be to：可用来表示按计划、安排（通常是正式的安排）；指令会做；必定会发生或已发生了某事；发布命令或告之规则 Their daughter is to get married soon.（四）现在进行时基本用法：1.表示现在正在进行的动作；It is raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作；My father is coming to see me this Saturday.重点点击：现在进行时与always, often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩Why a
8、re always forgetting his name?（五）过去进行时基本用法：1.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作My father is coming to see me this Saturday.2.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示过去将来动作He said she was arriving the next.day.重点点击：
9、考生有时用现在完成时或用一般过去时代替过去进行时。Hey, look where you are going! Oh, Im terribly sorry._.A. Im not noticing. B. I wasnt noticing. C. I havent noticed. D. I dont notice.He _a book about China last year, but I dont know if he _it.A. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finishedC. was writing; had finished D
10、. wrote; will finish（六）将来进行时基本用法：1.表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.2.表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.3.表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测Stop the child or he will be falling over.重点点击：将来进行时和一般将来时的区别1.一般
11、将来时不仅表示“将来”，还含有“意志、意愿”等的意思Ill try my best to hard work at English.我将尽全力努力学习英语。（含意愿的意思）Ill be studying English next term.下学期我将学习英语。（表示单纯的将来）2.跟一般将来时连用的时间状语比较模糊，而跟进来进行时连用的时间状语非常具体Ill write a letter to my father tomorrow.我明天要给父亲写信。Ill be writing a letter to my father this time tomorrow.明天这个时候，我会给父亲写信的。
12、（七）现在完成时基本用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已完成的动作。I have finished the report. / She has cleaned the room.重点点击：1.表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for.”,“since.”表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years. / They have worked here since they left college.2.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“hav
13、e/has gone to”。Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai. She has been there.join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin, start, break out等短暂性动词（瞬间动词），在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。要翻译“他已参军已经三年了”。不能说：He has joined the army for three yea
14、rs.而要用以下三种方法：“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago.“延续法”：He has been in the army for three years.“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.（八）过去完成时基本用法：表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。He had shut the door before the dog came up.在那狗走过来之前，他已将门关上了。Everything had been all right up till this mo
15、rning.直到今天上午为止，一切都正常。重点点击：1.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 2.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。 We had expected that you would be able to win the matc
16、h.（九）将来完成时基本用法：用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when, before引起的时间状语连用。We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.重点点击：1.在时间、条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时来表示将来某一时刻以前已完成的动作 Tell me what you think about the film when you have seen it.2.与by the end of引导的时间状语从句连用时要看“of”后面的名词所表示的时间概念来决定是用将来完成时还是用过去完成时
17、。We will have learned 2019 English words by the end of this term.We had learned 2019 English words by the end of last term. （十）现在完成进行时基本用法：用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要继续下去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.重点点击：现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较1.现在完成时着重表示动作的结果I have read that book.（知道那本书的内容）2.着重表示过去发生的动
18、作持续到现在还将继续下去Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I_ the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted （十一）过去将来时基本用法：相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态。He told me he would go to Beijing. / I was told that he was going to return home.重点点击：would do(表示过去的习惯)总是，总会，常常。He woul
19、d sit silent for hours.他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。三，动词的被动语态 （一）被动语态的构成形式被动语态构 成一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done一般将来时shall/will be done过去将来时should/would be done现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were being done现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been done将来完成时will/would have been done含有情态动词的can/must/may be done
20、（二）被动语态使用注意点1.主动表示被动的几种情况不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词有：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash等。This knife cuts well. / These books sell well. / The pen writes smoothly.Meat wont keep long in such hot weather. / The cloth washes well.一些连系动词的主动式形容词。常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, tu
21、rn out等。The apples taste good. / The flower smells wonderful.The news proved/turned out true. / Cotton feels soft.主语+need/want/require表示需要被的时候，常用动名词的主动式表示被动或用不定式的被动式。The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.be worth doing表示某事值得去做。（参看第八讲非谓语动词）The Great Wall is worth visiting.2.常见没有被动语态的动
22、词（短语）leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, lose heartThe Second World War broke out in 1939. / Our class consists of 50 students.3.常用被动语态的固定句型It is believed/s
23、aid /reported/hoped/supposed that据信/据说/据报道/人们希望/人们认为It must be pointed out that必须指出It is generally considered that一般认为It is well known that大家都知道It must be admitted that必须承认高考题练习2019 1.(全国I卷)Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No, I_ my homework all day yesterday.A. was doing B. would do C. had done
24、D. do2. (全国I卷)When you are home, give a call to let me know you _safely.A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive 3. (全国I卷)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made4.(全国II卷15)Linda，make sure
25、 the tables _ before the guests arrive.A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting 5.(全国II卷)Excuse me. I I was blocking your way.A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing6. (安徽卷)Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he .A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be
26、 busy7.(安徽卷)Can you surprised by the ending of the film?NO, I_ the book, so I already knew the storyA.was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read8.(安徽卷)Weve spent too much money recently.Well, it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives_ around all the time A. are coming B. had come C. were
27、 coming D. have been coming 9.(北京卷)In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the r sounds at the end of the words . A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped10.(北京卷24).Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends for us.A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting1
28、1.(北京卷)Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made12.(北京卷)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me. A.
29、had done B. did C. would do D. were doing13.(福建卷)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns.A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised14.(福建卷)Guess what ,weve got our visas for a short term visit to the UK t
30、his summer.How mice! you a different culture then.A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced15.(湖南卷)This coastal area _a national wildlife reserve last year.A. was named B. named C. is named D. names16.(湖南卷)I was just going to cut my rose bushes bu
31、t someone_ it. Was it you?A. has done B. had done C. would do D will do17.(湖南卷)I walked slowly through the market, Where people_ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold18.( 湖南卷)Im tired out. I _all a
32、fternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping19.(江苏卷)why, Jack, you look so tired!Well, I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting20.(江苏卷)Peter, where
33、did you guys go for the summer vacation?We_ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be 21.(江西卷)Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she since her marriage to Father.A. shoulders B. shouldered C. is shouldering D. has b
34、een shouldering22.(辽宁卷)Joseph _to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name?” in Russian. A. has been going B. went C. goes D. has gone23.(辽宁卷)I_ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it.A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done24.(山东卷)Up t
35、o now, the program _thousands of children who would otherwise have died.A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved25.(陕西卷)I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately. A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough26.(陕西卷)It is reported that many a new house at present in the disa
36、ster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built27.(四川卷)一When shall we restart our business? 一Not until we our plan. A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished28.(四川卷)Youve failed to do what you to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.
37、 A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected29.(天津卷)We _ on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest.A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked30.(天津卷)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2019 Shanghai World Expo.A
38、. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited31.(重庆卷)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it on the market in 1973.A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes32.(重庆卷)The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original
39、building now.A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained33.(重庆卷) Why do you want to work for our company?This is the job that I for.A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking34.(浙江卷) If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ _ fresh watermelon in the fall.
40、 A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating35.(浙江卷)For many years, people _ _ electric ears. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of36.(上海卷)Every few years, the coal workers. their lungs X-rayed to ensure th
41、eir health.A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had37.(上海卷) The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored1-5A B C C A 6-10 A B D A D 11-15D A D A A 16-20 B B D D C 21-25 D A B D A 26-30
42、D D D B C 31-35 C A D D B 36-37B D2019 1.Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next year. A. made B. is making C. makesD. has made2.（新课标卷） I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _ polite.A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be3.（新课
43、标卷） When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there. A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain4. (大纲卷） If you dont like the drink you _just leave it and try a different one. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered5.（北京卷）Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted6.（北京卷）Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months. A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working7.（北京卷）That must have been a long trip.
