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1、 沥青拌和设备在生产排水性沥青混合料中的温度控制探讨材料工程学论文 摘要：针对排水性沥青路面所用沥青混合料的特点，分析沥青混合料生产过程中引起温度控制偏差产生的原因，建立了温度控制要求及设定原则，基于此原则给出了沥青温度控制规范、骨料温度控制规范和排水性沥青混合料温度控制规范，并进行了排水性沥青混合料的生产与设备性能相适应的相关调整及优化，实现了准确控制温度的目的。 关键词：拌和设备排水性沥青混合料温度控制 排水性沥青路面是20世纪80年代以来在发达国家发展起来的一种新型路面，它是将空隙率大（一般在1722）的排水性沥青混合料用于路面上面层（其下铺不透水层）。由于此种面层机构有着多孔性的特点，
2、可使路表积水不经排水设施而直接从路面结构中下渗而迅速排出，这样就减少了溅水、喷雾等危害的发生，而且由于排水性沥青路面的骨架空隙结构，增加了路表的摩擦系数及路面抗车辙能力，进一步增加了行车安全。 由于排水性沥青路面突出的是排水机能，因此其排水性沥青混合料的最主要的一个质量检查评价指标是空隙率。在既定的生产配合比下，温度对空隙率的影响最大：沥青拌和设备生产的排水性混合料的温度过高，则易产生物料内沥青的流淌，形成结块阻塞空隙通路；温度低则现场施工作业极为困难。可以说，在排水性沥青路面铺装施工中沥青拌和楼的混合料生产是关键，沥青混合料的温度控制则是整个生产作业的核心和难点。因此，排水性混合料的生产必须
3、在严格的温度控制要求下进行。 1沥青拌和设备性能分析及温度控制原则 1.1设备及路面材料的性能分析 生产排水性沥青路面混合料比生产密级配沥青混合料时生产能力降低约60%，降低的主要原因主要有： (1)排水性沥青混合料单粒度粗骨料多，沥青拌和设备等待时间、热料仓的储藏量相应增加； (2)为防止流淌，排水性沥青混合料生产所设定温度比通常利用粘温曲线得出的混合温度低，为实现骨料的均匀裹覆，拌和时间延长； (3)使用纤维质材作为添加剂，因材料计量、投入等使生产时间增加。 鉴于在生产沥青排水性路面时，沥青拌和设备的生产能力较之生产其他沥青混合料的能力要低的特征，为了能生产出合乎质量要求沥青混合料
4、，须对设备进行必要调整，通过调整沥青拌和设备的设定参数，使之更切合排水性沥青混合料的生产，并力求降低消耗，改善设备运行效益，提高生产效率。 1.2生产排水性沥青混合料时温度设定原则 使用颗粒状纤维添加剂，在设备的搅拌装置内完成现场改性。在形成高粘度改性沥青混合料情况下，沥青拌和设备温度控制系统的温度设定原则： （1）骨料加热烘干温度在骨料提升机前处时为1855，这样才能保证混合料温度标准不超过1805范围； （2）保证作业施工并考虑到沥青劣比性（沥青混合料到施工现场温度>160）； （3）根据外界环境情况，在许可范围内适当调节混合料温度（环境温度<10时，温度标准定为185
5、5）。 沥青拌和设备进行排水性沥青混合料生产是建立在适宜的温度控制与质量管理基础之上的。 沥青拌和设备的控制系统采用计算机为PLG通用自动控制装置，温度控制通过感应器与设定值做比较并进行反馈，可全自动实现温控。 2沥青温度控制 沥青温度控制主要包括基质沥青温度控制、现场改性的高粘度改性沥青温度控制两个方面。 基质沥青的储存温度主要是又基质沥青的理化性能指标决定的。沥青储罐的温度是燃烧炉加热导热油间接获得，储存温度一般依基质沥青的物性不同而有所差异，适宜的储存温度可以确保长时间储存不会影响沥青的性能，通常基级沥青储存温度设为110-130范围。拌和设备正常施工时，沥青温度应达到使用温度才允许生产
6、，使用温度是依照基质沥青的粘度曲线设定，由燃烧炉加热温度自动控制系统获得。基质沥青使用温度一般为150170范围。 由于高粘度改性沥青是由基质沥青在使用温度时进入搅拌锅，同时与高热骨料、纤维添加剂混合，利用热骨料的高温现场形成，因此高粘度改性沥青温度的控制主要也是由基质沥青使用温度与热骨料温度决定。其温度范围为160175。 生产排水性沥青混合料与生产普通沥青混合料相比，沥青温度控制差别不大。沥青拌和设备的导热油加热及油温控制系统可方便实现沥青温度的自动调节。 3骨料温度控制 3.1骨料“料帘理论” (1）与生产普通的密集性混合料相比，排水性混合料骨料是不连续的，形成的骨料帘也是不密实
7、的。沥青拌和设备在干燥器出口设有红外温感、自动控制装置，这样当遇到断级配骨料帘时，温度自动控制系统显示的温度与实际骨料温度就会出现偏差，温度感应控制系统无法测到真实的骨料温度。 为此，通常情况下沥青拌和设备在生产排水性沥青混合料时，加入过量细集料，除了消耗掉相对过剩的烘干能力因素外，主要是通过细骨料加入构建密实的料帘，使沥青拌和设备的温度自动控制系统能真实反映加热后的骨料温度。 传统细填料充当降温剂，增加物料进给量，吸收过剩多余热能，多余物料从溢料管溢出，造成燃料、物料浪费；物料即使可重复使用，受热后也会造成物料性能变化。 (2）在生产过程中研究中可知，当骨料粒径变大混合料变粗时，红外感温系统
8、显示温度比实际测得料温有变大的趋势；在不加细料情况下与普通混合料相比，红外感应温度与真实料温相差约1020。 因而可以据此掌握骨料粒径大小与设备红外感温系统显示之间的变化关系，探索出设备温控系统在不加细料情况下实现自动真实的对热骨料的测控。当冷骨料各种粒度相对稳定时，排水性沥青混合料的热骨料形成的是稳定的不连续料帘，这样就可以利用红外感应温度与真实料温之间相对温差进行效正，实现自动真实测控。测控温度误差不大于5，完全符合排水性沥青混合料温差控制需要。 (3）为实现平稳温控，在排水性沥青混合料生产中还需对原材料的干湿程度有一定的认识。增加物料含水量，以含水量的增加来降低燃烧器烘干能力，但存在含水
9、量不均时温度控制更难以稳定的问题。 燃烧器根据实际含水量进行有效调整与之相配的烘干能力，含水量均匀性对骨料的烘干能力影响很大，含水量每降低1%。生产能力约下降10%。因此含水量不均，则易产生骨料加热温度过高或者过低，难以控制。再者各种骨料的颗粒径均匀性的影响，骨粒径均匀性若不稳定，则特别易形成不稳定、不连续、断继配料帘，使红外测温更难反映真实温度。 料帘理论的提出运用，克服了多加细骨料产生的一系列缺陷，使沥青拌和设备生产排水性沥青混合料成为现实。实现了在骨料粒度相对稳定、含水量变化不大情况下排水性沥青混合料时的准确温控，是拌和设备温度控制的重大突破。 3.2 燃烧器系统技术改造 为有效
10、地解决烘干能力与生产排水沥青混合料匹配的问题，在更大程度降低原有系统的烘干能力，对燃烧器系统进行了改造调整。 (1）把喷油嘴变小（由4减小至3.5），减小单位时间的进油量，从整体上降低其烘干能力； (2）调整燃油压力及进风量，匹配适合的风、油比，改善燃烧性能； (3）优化燃烧器系统参数，使进入喷油口的燃油系统压力为2530MPa，耗油量降为4.55.0kg/t，改善了设备的经济性能。 总体上解决了因沥青拌和设备生产排水性沥青混合料时生产能力下降产生的与设备烘干能力相匹配的问题。 3.3生产循环周期的优化 在设备PLC微机自动控制系统，有许多影响设备运行的内部参数
11、，决定着设备运行的稳定性及称量系统的准确性，影响着生产循环周期。 （1）优化沥青拌和设备内部参数。其中对循环周期有影响的是：骨料称量稳定时间、粉称量稳定时间、沥青称量稳定时间和拌锅卸料开启时间等； （2）沥青喷油方式。喷洒式比流淌式更易均匀包裹骨料，拌和时间可以相对缩短； （3）改进添加剂输送方式。采用在搅拌装置上侧喂料的颗粒纤维直接加入法，由人工直接将纤维素用一个定量容器，在粗集料放料的同时投入搅拌装置内，使纤维素与矿料干拌1518s后，再喷洒沥青进行拌和。湿拌时间为40s，总拌和时间由原有的64s降低为58s，即可做到稳定剂充分打开并拌和均匀。比传统鼓风输送方式更便捷可靠，节省时间。 进行
12、合理优化后，相对缩短每批次生产循环周期增大进料量，改善烘干能力相对过剩矛盾，设备运行也更可靠平稳。4混合料温度控制 为及时准确地知道沥青拌和设备生产的成品混合料温度，在设备的搅拌装置成品料出口处设置额外的料温检测装置及显示仪器，使反馈的料温更加及时准确便捷。 排水性沥青成品混合料在成品储仓内存放的时间不宜过长，因为放置久易产生高温混合料内沥青流淌，加上因其骨料粗温度易散失，就会影响物料性能，也容易发生与仓壁的粘连。所以原则上要求排水性沥青成品混合料在仓内存放时间不超过两个小时。 在寒冷季节，5以下或5以上但风力较大不得以沥青拌和设备进行生产时，采取比正常情况下相应高出一定值。为避免沥青的高温流
13、淌及劣化现象发生，设定的温度不高于必要的混合料温195。 施工方法直接决定工程质量，排水性沥青混合料施工中对温度控制特别重要。一般沥青拌和设备进行排水性沥青混合料的生产时，为寻求生产排水性沥青混合料的技术改进与提高，应对生产施工过程、温度控制变化情况、技术改进的相关参数及影响温度控制的相关数据进行记录整理。排水性沥青混合料施工的记录不仅是对生产技术温度控制的不断完善有利，而且也为以后排水性的沥青混合料施工温度管理规范化提供了宝贵的基础资料。 5结论 通过本文分析，可以得知生产排水性沥青混合料的温度控制原则，并以次原则为依据优化设备运行参数，同时得出排水性沥青混合料在生产、储存过程中哪一个或哪几
14、个因素是影响其温度控制的因素，从而针对这些因素在沥青拌和设备上采取相应的温控措施；通过对设备的生产能力降低（为正常生产的4070）；沥青的控制温度（生产一般沥青混合料时差别不大）；骨料的控制温度（不采用加入过量细骨料的方法，而采用经验公式以求真实的测温）；改造燃烧烘干系统与生产能力降低相匹配，降低设备的烘干能力；沥青混合料的温度控制等一系列技术措施，为实现准确温度控制提出了现实依据。当然在沥青混合料的生产中还有一些有待完善的地方，如温控偏差受骨料粒径影响规律尚需在生产实践中进一步总结，对烘干系统改造后易发生火焰烧烤烘干筒内壁现象，骨料在搅拌装置拌和时间长引起的磨损加速问题。所以沥青拌和设备生产
15、排水性沥青混合料还需要与设备结构性能进一步优化相协调。 参考文献 1.JTF036-98.公路改性沥青路面施工技术规范. 2.沈金安.改性沥青与SMA路面.北京：人民交通出版社,1999. 3.百莱玛工程有限公司. MAP320E274LP型沥青拌和设备操作与维护说明书.北京.2001 organization system and working mode, the selection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innova
16、tion and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth League Organization published and League branch of manual work, to promote the use of two manuals in the citys organizations at various levels. The county committee, di
17、rectly under the group (work) is under the jurisdiction of grassroots League and group (total) using branch ratio shall not be less than 70%.Three, to further strengthen the groups leadership and team building(a) to strengthen the leagues leadership at all levels of construction. Continue to do a go
18、od job of municipal Party Committee Organization Department on the strengthening of the Communist Youth League cadres management opinions implementation. To promote the group counties (autonomous counties, cities) Commission and city directly under the group (workers) appointed to carry out the Five
19、 team building activities. Improve the League Association Department working mechanism. Conscientiously fulfill the duties of CO, combined with the city group directly under (the) Committee of the general election and the adjustment, actively jointly with the unit where the party organization depart
20、ment good group leadership selection with the work. Do a good job in municipal Party committee assistant committee leadership and leading cadres of the annual assessment work, adhere to and improve the assistant secretary of the Communist Youth League talk system group To weave individual conversati
21、on and collective conversation, to strengthen the committees of all levels, the Standing Committee of the Standing Committee, the establishment of a sound system of central group learning, the system of investigation and study, the system of important issues and the reporting system.(two) to strengt
22、hen the work of education and training of cadres to conscientiously implement the Central Committee. On the implementation of grassroots cadres training project and opinions on carrying out the mission municipal CYL Cadres training project implementation opinions, full implementation of the project
23、of the City Youth League cadres training education. Focus on the county grassroots cadres and workers focused on training, the new school system vocational training League cadres, for the Municipal Organization Department jointly held the third session of the Communist Youth League system training c
24、adres in party. Focusing on the construction of new socialist countryside, strengthening village cadres and rural construction team group member of the young team, the county organizations at various levels throughout the year is expected to train 100 00 rural grassroots cadres, plans to train 1000
25、village secretary of the village Party branch.(three) actively promote grassroots cadres election work. Under the unified leadership of the party organization, to strengthen grassroots organizations direct work, standardize the election work rules and procedures, in the designated candidate, open co
26、mpetition to democratically elected branch secretary at the same time, actively and steadily the development of Township, streets and other grassroots organizations in the direct election of the pilot work, on the basis of summarizing the experience and gradually expand the scope of the pilot, and g
27、radually formed a set of measures and cadres election system.(four) to strengthen the cadres testing exercise. To study the development of XX city from 2006 to 2008 cadres testing exercise planning. To select outstanding cadres to the central mission in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central
28、 organs and sending work in developed areas. With the Central Committee the implementation of the western region and ethnic minorities cadres training plan . To carry out the eighth batch of municipal organs attachment cadre management, selection, training work. The outstanding cadres to start the N
29、ational Development Bank XX branch testing exercise.(five) to strengthen the group construction. The main position to play the role of Youth League cadre education and training as the city, in accordance with the requirements of post training, further curriculum scientifically and rationally, adopt
30、arrangement menu course, basic theory includes group work, focus, hot and difficult issues, to enhance the content and practice; to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, the integration of teachers, establish a quality teacher training team, establish and implement course evaluation system;
31、 take delivery of training to the countryside, on-site training, and increase the rural grassroots cadres training efforts.Four, efforts to strengthen the work of young talent(a) to tenth XX young 54 medal in recognition of the publicity, and actively explore the XX youth service. 54 Medal of instit
32、utionalization, standardization and socialization mechanism. Give full play to the XX award in recognition of 54 youth medal Association, Youth Award winner in the 54 chapter, investigation activities. Who won the Youth Service medal, dedication to the society to create conditions, build the stage.
33、During the 54, named in recognition of the tenth XX young 54 medal. The association of XX editing of young talent , the exchange of information and communication platform for the XX of outstanding young talents.(two) the establishment of municipal Party committee of young talent information database
34、. In accordance with the feasible, effective, classification management, implement step by step principle, the establishment of municipal Party committee of youth talent database; guiding organizations at various levels generally established the young talent database, construction of city, county (d
35、irectly under the Communist Youth League), grassroots organizations three young talent information database the relevant information collection system, and gradually establish the citys young people, the Communist Youth League youth talent information network, provide information platform for young
36、talent resource development.Five, take effective measures to strengthen the mission management(a) to strengthen the mission management work. Strengthen the dues collection and management, continue to adhere to the dues collection regularly reporting system, the annual comprehensive award in recognit
37、ion of the tour and the tour one vote veto system audit system. Do statistical work in the group. The group service award in recognition of the advanced units, standardization, promoting group management work institutionalized.(two) to strengthen the organization of research and information exchange
38、 efforts. Grassroots carry out research, efforts to form a number of theoretical results. Make full use of the network carrier, to explore the establishment of electronic group service system, promote the work of Communist Youth League information.Attachment 4:XX municipal Party Committee Propaganda
39、 Department of the Communist Youth League work pointsIn 2006, the Communist Youth League propaganda ideological work XX to Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of Three Represents as guidance, study and implement the partys sixteen and the spirit of the the fifth Plenary Session of the 16t
40、h CPC Central Committee implementation of the eight plenary session of the two committee, the citys cultural work conference, the Propaganda Department of the meeting and the the fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee permanent mission spirit, closely around 11th Five-Year XX the g
41、oal of full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keep pace with the times, close to reality, close to life, close to the young, persevere grasp orientation, grasping deepening, grasping construction innovation, further improve the grou
42、ps propaganda and ideological work ability, unity To guide the majority of members of the youth to achieve the 11th Five-Year planning tasks, the overall construction of a well-off society, building a socialist harmonious society to make new contributions.One, adhere to the Three Represents importan
43、t thought and Scientific Outlook on Development education to guide the youth, to further strengthen the ideological and political education of youth(a) armed with youth science theory. Unremittingly with Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of Three Represents armed members of youth educat
44、ion, to promote the study and implement to expand the depth and breadth. To study and implement the important thought of Three Represents with the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development combine with the implementation of the requirements of constructing socialist harmo
45、nious society with Scientific Outlook on Development, carry out education as an important part of the theory of armed youth in the new period, strengthen the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development education, educate and guide the youth to fully understand the great sig
46、nificance of establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, in-depth understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development era back The king, the practice foundation, basic connotation, historical status, spirit and practice requirements, a profound understanding of Scientif
47、ic Outlook on Development with Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, inheriting and developing relationship between Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of Three Represents, to help young people establish and consciously practice Scientific Outlook on Development. Persist in learning, gras
48、ping the backbone, grasp the practice, grasp the opportunity. Catch club, effective way to grasp the network, with the group of cadres, young students and young backbone fronts as the focus, to promote the work of the armed youth theory to develop in depth, to help the youth continue to firm ideals
49、and beliefs, to build a powerful spiritual pillar. To carry out the study and implementation of the partys sixteen session of the five Eight plenary session of the two plenary session of the Central Committee and the party spirit, to the citys Youth League members thinking into the spirit of the meeting, to achieve the goal of national consciousness and XX econ
