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1、Carrier Comfort Network,开利空调冷冻（上海）有限公司,2023/5/20,冷水机组运行台数自动控制的解决方案,Load,Load,T,T,出水温度,回水温度,冷冻水泵,Chiller Plant Control,流量计,F,旁通阀,P,典型的冷水机组系统,末端设备,冷水机组,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,Chiller Plant Control,F,P,典型的BA DDC控制系统 根据回水温度启停冷水机组 冷量估算=水流量(F)x 出水及回水溫度差(T2-T1)根据设定压差调节旁通阀开度,DDC,出水温度,回水温度,冷
2、冻水泵,流量计,旁通阀,末端设备,冷水机组,典型的BA DDC控制系统冷量(Q)=水流量(F)x 出水及回水溫度差(T2-T1)=4.2 x 50 l/s x(12oC-7oC)=1050 kW-根据回水温度启停冷水机组 1)回水温度 设定点(例如:12oC)2)需要冷量 机组满负荷冷量 3)机组启动延迟时间结束-根据设定压差调节旁通阀开度,Chiller Plant Control,系统控制不稳定-现在机组控制普遍采用出水温度控制,而不是回水温度控制-采用回水温度控制可能在某些情况下可能会产生冷量不足-总回水温度受压差旁通阀开度的影响,旁通阀开启后,回水温度与出水温度汇 合,使总回水温度立即
3、下降-负荷量(Q)=水流量(F)x 出水及回水溫度差(T2-T1)-控制过程中会造成频繁停机,Chiller Plant Control,典型的BA DDC控制系统,节能效果差-DDC控制系统使机组在大多数时间工作在部分负荷-DDC控制忽视机组的实际工作状况，判断条件简单:计算冷量需求 机组制冷量 回水温度 设定值-机组运行越多,水泵的耗能越大 DDC控制系统可能在开机时,因回水温度过高,投入过多的机组,Chiller Plant Control,典型的BA DDC控制系统,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,Chiller Plant Contro
4、l 机组冷量相同,P,典型CCN CSM机组控制系统,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,回水溫度,通用控制器,出水温度,冷冻水泵,流量计,旁通阀,末端设备,冷水机组,机组管理控制模块,CSM-机组管理控制模块,增加制冷需求 Additional Cooling Required ACR 加载的流程,b.当前运行的机组有足够的时间由 0%负载至接近100%负载,当ACR温度传感器所测的冷冻水供水温度，高于当前的冷冻水 供水温度设定点与一个可调整的温度偏差值相加后的所得值,c.行机组的负载大于某个设定值(一般为90%95%),d.
5、运行冷水机组的温度降低速率小于0.5/分钟以上各项要求ad均能满足，才进入以下机组加载程序,e.新冷水机组启动的延迟时间已经结束（延迟时间可以设定）,f.新冷水机组禁止运行的命令未激活,g.新冷水机组没有处于出错，斜坡加载或处于断电重起阶段以上各项要求eg均能满足，新冷水机组立即启动,开始,程序运行和制冷激活=Yes?,机组运行时间足够 出水温度(设定值+偏差值)机组运行负载(最大限制的90%.)降温速率(0.5F/min),ACR的条件=Yes 启动延迟时间开始计时,延迟时间结束 CSM 系统处于备用状态,启动机组,离开,ACR的条件=No,Y,Y,Y,N,N,N,增加制冷需求 Additi
6、onal Cooling Required ACR,举例:出水温度=9oC设定值=7oC设定偏差=1oC最大负载限制=100%实测温度=9.5oC at 08:00实测温度=9oC at 08:01降温速率 0.5oF/min,举例:延迟时间=15 min,CSM-机组管理控制模块,减少制冷需求Reduced Cooling Required-RCR,CSM-机组管理控制模块,A.目前运行的机组台数多于一台,b.运行机组的平均负载小于某个设定值(一般为65%69%),c.当RCR温度传感器所测的冷冻水供水温度，小于当前的 冷冻水供水温度设定点与一个可调整温度偏差值的0.6倍 相加后的所得值以上
7、各项要求ac均能满足，才进入以下机组卸载程序,D.机组停机的延迟时间已经结束（延迟时间可以设定）以上要求d能满足，设定机组马上停机,开始,程序运行和制冷激活=Yes?,1.机组的运行台数多与一台 2.运行机组的平均负载=可修正的限制值 3.冷冻水供水温度 温度设定值+(可修正温度偏差值的0.6倍),RCR 的条件=Yes停机延迟时间开始计时,延迟时间结束 CSM 系统处于备用状态,停止机组,离开,RCR 的条件=No,Y,Y,Y,N,N,N,减少制冷需求 Reduced Cooling Required RCR,举例:可修正RCR的负载限制=67%出水温度=7.2oC 出水温度设定点=7oC设
8、定点 偏差=1oC,CSM-机组管理控制模块,举例:延迟时间=15 min,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,在7:0023:00工作时间内，何时启动机组,07:01,0%,25 OC,25 OC,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller
9、,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,给予首台机组足够的时间，以降低系统的出水温度（例如：时间为20min),07:05,60%,25 OC,20 OC,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypas
10、s Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,给予首台机组足够的时间，以降低系统的出水温度（例如：时间为20min),07:20,90%,17 OC,22 OC,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillerv
11、isor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,07:22,Additional Cooling Required 增加冷量需求,ACR 出水温度(设定值+偏差值)(偏差值=1 OC)机组运行负载(最大限制的95%.)降温速率(0.5F/min),20 OC,16 OC,90%,举例:当前出水温度=16oC出水温度设定点=7oC温度偏差=1oC最大的需求极限=100%SWT1=9.5oC at 07:22SWT2=9oC at 07:22Pull down rate 0.5oF/min,
12、举例:延迟时间=10 min,Chiller Plant Control-ACR 运算规则,开始,程序运行和制冷激活=Yes?,机组运行时间足够 出水温度(设定值+偏差值)机组运行负载(最大限制的95%.)降温速率(0.5F/min),ACR的条件=Yes 启动延迟时间开始计时,延迟时间结束 CSM 系统处于备用状态,启动机组,离开,ACR的条件=No,Y,Y,Y,N,N,N,增加制冷需求 Additional Cooling Required ACR,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chille
13、r Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,07:32,Additional Cooling Required 增加冷量需求,ACR 条件 4:条件 1,2&3 不变 延迟时间结束（10Min),98%,12 OC,16 OC,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Contr
14、ol 机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,07:32,Additional Cooling Required增加冷量需求,ACR 启动首台机组,98%,0%,12 OC,16 OC,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervis
15、or System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,07:43,如使用 斜坡加载,CSM会先指令运行机组卸载到至所计算的 kW%,提供平順交接,13 OC,17 OC,55%,55%,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/
16、O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,07:50,如使用kW平衡功能,CSM會平均分配负载至各运行机组,80%,80%,9 OC,13 OC,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,07:55,7.6oC(7.0o
17、C+1.0oC)，ACR的条件不满足 CSM在该状况下，不会增加机组，由机组将出水温度降到设定值,7.6 OC,12 OC,92%,92%,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,09:00,8.3oC 7.0oC+1.0oC 随时间的增加，系统的负
18、荷增加,8.3 OC,13.1 OC,100%,100%,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,09:01,8.3 OC,13.1 OC,100%,100%,Additional Cooling Required 增加冷量需求,ACR 条件1:出水
19、温度(设定值+偏差值)(偏差值=1 OC)条件2:机组运行负载(最大限制的95%.)条件3:降温速率(0.5F/min),Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,09:11,8.3 OC,13.1 OC,100%,100%,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Additional Co
20、oling Required 增加冷量需求,ACR 条件 4:条件 1,2&3 不变 延迟时间结束（10Min),Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,09:12,100%,100%,8.3 OC,13.1 OC,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,Additional Coolin
21、g Required 增加冷量需求,ACR 启动首台机组,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,09:13,8.5 OC,13.4 OC,70%,70%,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,如使用 斜坡加载,CSM会先指令运行机组卸载到至所计算的 kW%,提供平順交接,Chiller
22、,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,09:15,8.2 OC,13.0 OC,70%,70%,40%,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,如使用 斜坡加载,CSM会先指令运行机组卸载到至所计算的 kW%,提供平順交接,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2
23、,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,09:20,78%,78%,78%,7.5 OC,12.2 OC,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,如使用kW平衡功能,CSM會平均分配负载至各运行机组,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chil
24、lervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,11:20,12.0 OC,7.0 OC,100%,100%,100%,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,如使用kW平衡功能,CSM會平均分配负载至各运行机组,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller
25、&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,20:00,随时间的变化，系统负载逐步减少 7.0 OC 7.0 OC+(0.6*1 OC),11.5 OC,7.0 OC,65%,65%,65%,Chiller Plant Control 机组冷量相同,举例:RCR负载设定=67%出水温度=7.0oC 出水温度 设定点=7oC设定点偏差=1oC,举例:延迟时间=5 min,Chiller Plant Control-RCR 判断,开始,程序运行和制冷激活=Yes?,1.机组的运行台数多与一台 2.运行机组的平均负载=可修正的限制值 3.冷冻水供水温度 温度设定值
26、+(可修正温度偏差值的0.6倍),RCR 的条件=Yes 停机延迟时间开始计时,延迟时间结束 CSM 系统处于备用状态,停止机组,离开,RCR 条件=No,Y,Y,Y,N,N,N,减少制冷需求 Reduced Cooling Required RCR,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply T
27、empCHWRT=Return Temp,20:00,减少制冷需求 Reduced Cooling Required RCR，决定何时停机条件1：运行机组的平均负载=可修正的限制值 条件2：冷冻水供水温度 温度设定值+(可修正温度偏差值的0.6倍),11.5 OC,7.0 OC,65%,65%,65%,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply Temp
28、CHWRT=Return Temp,20:00,11.5 OC,7.0 OC,65%,65%,65%,减少制冷需求 Reduced Cooling Required RCR,Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,条件 3:条件 1,2 不变 延迟时间结束（5Min),Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Re
29、turn Temp,20:06,12.0 OC,7.0 OC,70%,70%,0%,减少制冷需求 Reduced Cooling Required RCR停机的延迟时间结束，立即停机,Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCH
30、WRT=Return Temp,20:10,减少制冷需求 Reduced Cooling Required RCR CSM会指挥运行机组增加负载以弥补刚停机造成的冷量减少,12.0 OC,7.0 OC,85%,85%,0%,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,21:45,12.0 OC,7.0 OC,4
31、5%,45%,0%,Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,减少制冷需求 Reduced Cooling Required RCR，决定何时停机条件1：运行机组的平均负载=可修正的限制值 条件2：冷冻水供水温度 温度设定值+(可修正温度偏差值的0.6倍),Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Te
32、mp,21:45,12.0 OC,7.0 OC,45%,45%,0%,减少制冷需求 Reduced Cooling Required RCR,Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,条件 3:条件 1,2 不变 延迟时间结束（5Min),Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,21:50,
33、12.0 OC,7.0 OC,45%,45%,0%,减少制冷需求 Reduced Cooling Required RCR,Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,条件 3:条件 1,2 不变 延迟时间结束（5Min),Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,21:51,12.0 OC,7
34、.0 OC,55%,0%,0%,减少制冷需求 Reduced Cooling Required RCR停机的延迟时间结束，立即停机,Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,23:30,12.0 OC,7.0 OC,80%,0%,0%,根据时间表的安排
35、,第一台启动的机组在全天运行结束后才最后停机(23:30),Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,23:31,12.0 OC,7.0 OC,80%,0%,0%,根据时间表的安排,第一台启动的
36、机组在全天运行结束后才最后停机(23:31),Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T1,T2,CHWST,CHWRT,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,Chillervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,CHWST=Supply TempCHWRT=Return Temp,23:32,12.0 OC,7.0 OC,80%,0%,0%,Chiller Plant Control-机组冷量相同,根据时间表的安排,第一台启动的机组在全天运行结束后才最后停机(23:32),GSM占用时间,07:01
37、,出水设定温度,07:20,1#机运行足够,07:32,1#机启动,2#机启动,2#机启动延迟结束,ACR Exceed,09:12,ACR Exceed,3#机启动延迟结束,3#机停机计时开始,3#机停机,2#机停机,GSM占用时间结束,出水温度,RCR%Lag,RCR%Lead,机组负荷,温度偏差,%Load,O C,时间,时间,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,20:06,21:50,23:30,Chiller Plant Control CSM 控制系统参数变化图,3#机启动,1#机停机,
38、3#机停机,2#机停机,2#机停机计时开始,不使用加减控制Capacity Step 1:1(small)Capacity Step 2:2 3,使用加减控制,如果机房中有3台机组,其中2台的冷量较大,1台的冷量较小,Stage 1,Stage 2,Stage 3,Chiller 1,Chiller 2,Chiller 3,100 Ton,400 Ton,400 Ton,400 Ton,Stage 1,Chiller 1,Chiller 2,Chiller 3,Stage 2,Stage 3,Stage 4,Stage 5,100 Ton,v,400 Ton,100 Ton,400 Ton,4
39、00 Ton,400 Ton,100 Ton,400 Ton,400 Ton,100 Ton,400 Ton,700 Ton,100 Ton,400 Ton,500 Ton,800 Ton,900 Ton,Chiller Plant Control 不同冷量的机组控制,Capacity Step 1:1(small)Capacity Step 2:2 3,不使用加减控制Capacity Step 1:1 2Capacity Step 2:3 4,不使用加减控制Capacity Step 1:1 2Capacity Step 2:3 4 1 2,如果机房中机组的冷量均不相同,且不使用加减控制,C
40、hiller 3,Chiller 2,Chiller 1,Stage 1,Stage 2,Stage 3,Chiller 4,60 Ton,60 Ton,100 Ton,300 Ton,300 Ton,400 Ton,Stage 4,Stage 1,Stage 2,Stage 3,Stage 4,Stage 5,Stage 6,Chiller 1,Chiller 2,Chiller 3,Chiller 4,60 Ton,60 Ton,60 Ton,60 Ton,100 Ton,100 Ton,300 Ton,300 Ton,300 Ton,300 Ton,400 Ton,400 Ton,400
41、 Ton,860 Ton,760 Ton,700 Ton,300 Ton,160 Ton,60 Ton,60 Ton,160 Ton,300 Ton,700 Ton,Chiller Plant Control-不同冷量的机组控制,CCN冷水机组控制与BAS 冷水机组控制的特点比较,Chiller,Chiller,Chiller,Load,Load,T3,T1,Supply Temp,Return Temp,Primary Pump,Bypass Valve,P,To Control Bypass Valve using Load Return Water Temp 負載回水溫度控制旁通閥,Ch
42、illervisor System Manager,Comfort Controller&I/O,T2,Load Return Temp,Q1,Q2,Q3,Chiller Plant Control-Special Feature of CSM(Load Return Temp),出水溫度,回水溫度,旁通閥,負載回水溫度,(Q1*T1)=(Q2*T2)+(Q3*T3)and Q3=(Q1-Q2)T1,T2&T3 are known from temp.sensors.T1,T2,T3 可從出水/回水/負載回水溫度傳感器得知 Eg.(Q1*T1)=(Q2*T2)+T3*(Q1-Q2)(Q1*T1
43、)=(Q2*T2)+(Q1*T3)-(Q2*T3)Q1(T1-T3)=Q2(T2-T3)Q1/Q2=(T2-T3)/(T1-T3)Q1/(Q1-Q3)=(T2-T3)/(T1-T3)水流量與各溫度之關係,Q2,Q1,Q3,T1,T2,T3,Supply Temp出水溫度,Load Return Temp,Return Temp,Chiller,Load,To Control Bypass Valve using Load Return Water Temp負載回水溫度控制旁通閥,Chiller Plant Control-Special Feature of CSM(Load Return T
44、emp),回水溫度,負載回水溫度,P1,P1+P2,P1+P2+P3,Pressure,Flow,Q,Delta P,Delta Q,Flow,Q,Open%,1 Big Butterfly Bypass Valve,Flow,Q,25%,75%,Linear portion(Flow Control region),1/3 Valve,2/3 Valve,Open%,Linear portion(Flow Control region),2 Small Butterfly Bypass Valves,Dual Bypass Valve 雙旁通閥,Parallel Pumps Flow vs Pressure,Chiller Plant Control-Special Feature of CSM(Dual Bypass Control),
