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1、Bugzilla简明实用手册0 Bugzilla 简介0.1 Bugzilla 版本Bugzilla-version-4.2.40.2 Bugzilla 简介Bugzilla是一个开源的缺陷跟踪系统(Bug-Tracking System),它 可以管理软件开发中缺陷的提交(new),修复(resolve),关闭(close) 等整个生命周期。Bugzilla是一个搜集缺陷的数据库。它让用户报告软件的缺陷从而 把它们转给合适的开发者。开发者能使用bugzilla保持一个要做事情 的优先表，还有时间表和跟踪相关性。不是所有的bugs都是软件缺 陷。一些数据库中的内容是作为增强的请求(RFE)O
2、一个RFE是一个 严重级别字段被设为enhancement”的Bug”.人们常说”bug”,实际上意 思是Bugzilla中的记录，所以RFEs经常被称作bug。它能够为你建立 一个完善的Bug跟踪体系，包括报告Bug,查询Bug记录并产生 报表，处理解决，管理员系统初始化和设置四部分0.3 Bugzilla用户权限在Bugzilla中，用户权限主要可以分为三个级别：超级管理员， 用户组管理员(或者项目组长)，普通用户(或者项目组成员)。1.用户登陆在浏览器中输入bugzilla访问地址:http:/server/bugzilla，进行bugzilla管理系统登陆页面，点击图中的“Login”
3、按钮，用户即可登陆。图1.1登陆页面登陆后将会看到bugzilla管理系统首页面，如下图所示:图1.2系统首页面点击图中的“File a Bug”按钮，通过选择特定Products及Products卜面的特定Components，可以新建一个Bug。图1.3系统首页面点击图中的“Search”按钮，系统将根据账户权限，及设置的查询条件，查询系统中已经存在的Bugs。图1.4系统首页面点击图中的“User Preferences”按钮，进入用户信息查看及修改界面，如下图所示:图 1.5 User Preferences 页面点击图中的“Account Information”按钮，可修改自己的账
4、户密码和备注用户名，点击“Permissions”按钮，可查看自己所拥有的权限。点击图中的“log out”按钮，退出bugzilla管理系统，当你需要退出时，点击该按钮，这将是一个有益的习惯，为了保证账户安全，建 议最好这样做。2. 超级管理员超级管理员在bugzilla安装时建立，拥有bugzilla管理工具中的所 有功能权限，常用的有如下权限：分配管理用户组管理员、分配管理 普通用户、建立用户权限组、建立Products及Components等。2.1 建立 Products 及 ComponentsThis page is only accessible to empowered us
5、ers. You can access administrative pages from here (based on your privileges), letting you configure different aspects of this installation. Note: some sections may not be accessible to you and are marked using a lighter color.ParametersSet core parameters of the installation. Thats the place where
6、you specify the URL to access this installation, determine how users authenticate, choose which bug fields to display, select the mail transfer agent to send email notifications, choose which group of users can use charts and share queries, and much more.Default PreferencesSet the default user prefe
7、rences. These are the values which will be used by default for all users.Users will be able to edit their own preferences from the Preferences.Sanity CheckRun sanity checks to locate problems in your database. This may take several tens of minutes depending on the size of your installation. You can
8、also automate this check by running sanitycheck.pl from a cron job. A notification will be sent per email to the specified user if errors are detected.UsersCreate new user accounts or edit existing ones. You can also add and remove users from groups (also known as user privileges).ClassificationsIf
9、your instal/ation has tx manage many products mt tmce, its a good idea to group these products into distinct categories. This letsProductsEdit all aspects of products, including group restrictions which let you define who can access bugs being in these products. You can also edit some specific attri
10、butes of products such as carngDents, versions and milestones directly.FlansA flag is a custom 4-states attribute of bugs and/or attachments. These states are: granted, denied, requested and undefined. You can set as many flags as desired per bug, and define which users are allowed to edit them.Cust
11、om FieldsBugzilla lets you define fields which are not implemented by default, based on your local and specific requirements. These fields can then be used as any other field, meaning that you can set them in bugs and run any search involving them.Before creating new fields, keep in mind that too ma
12、ny fields may make the user interface more complex and harder to use. Be sure you have investigated other ways to satisfy your needs before doing this.Field ValuesDefine legal values for fields whose values must belong to some given list. This is also the place where you define legal values for some
13、 types of custom fields.Bug Status WorkflowCustomize your workflow and choose initial bug statuses available on bug creation and allowed bug status transitions when editing existing bugs.Define groups which will be used in the installation. They can either be used to define new user privileges or to
14、 restrict the access to some bugs.KeywordsSet keywords to be used with bugs. Keywords are an easy way to tag bugs to let you find them more easily later.WhininaSet queries which will be run at some specified date and time, and get the result of these queries directly per email. This is a good way to
15、 create reminders and to keep track of the activity in your installation.图 2.1.1 Administrator 页面点击“Products”按钮，进入Products管理界面，点击e注!-，按钮，进入添加Products界面：Product: Bugzilla 测试Description:对BugzilM进行功能及使用测试IOpen for bug entry: 园Enable the UNCONFIRMED status in this product:回Version: vi.OCreate chart data
16、sets for this product: 园Add |图2.1.2 Products添加页面填写 Product、Description Version,其余默认，点击 “Add按钮，即可完成Products添加，进入如下界面：图2.1.3 Products编辑页面该新建 Product 尚无 Component, Edit components 为 missing, 点击“Edit components”，将进到Components管理界面，如果 已经存在components，显示界面如下：如果尚无components，显示界面如下:图2.1.5 Components管理页面点击“Add
17、”，新添加一个Component：图2.1.6 Components添加页面其中Default Assignee表示默认分配人，Default CC List表示默认抄送人，需要注意的是这些账户必须是已经建立存在的。点击“Add”按钮，完成component添加。图2.1.7 Products编辑页面回到 Products 编辑页面，点击 “Edit Group Access Controls”，进到组访问权限编辑界面:图2.1.8组访问权限编辑页面如果想让本项目组与其他项目组分隔开，设置为entry-mandatory-mandatory-空，如果想让其他项目组看但不能修改，设置为 entr
18、y-shown-shown-canedito 点击 “submit” 按钮完成。图2.1.9设置完成页面2.2建立用户权限组This page is only accessible to empowered users. You can access administrative pages from here (based on your privileges), letting you configure different aspects of this installation. Note: some sections may not be accessible to you and
19、are marked using a lighter color.ParametersSet core parameters of the installation. Thats the place where you specify the URL to access this installation, determine how users authenticate, choose which bug fields to display, select the mail transfer agent to send email notifications, choose which gr
20、oup of users can use charts and share queries, and much more.Default PreferencesSet the default user preferences. These are the values which will be used by default for all users.Users will be able to edit their own preferences from the Preferences.Sanity CheckRun sanity checks to locate problems in
21、 your database. This may take several tens of minutes depending on the size of your installation. You can also automate this check by running aanitycheck.pl from a cron job. A notification will be sent per email to the specified user if errors are detected.UsersCreate new user accounts or edit exist
22、ing ones. You can also add and remove users from groups (also known as user privileges).Classi fica tionsIf your instaiiation has to manage many products at once, it,s a good idea to givup these products into distinct categories. This lets users find infierrmation more easily iivft&r doing searches
23、or whn filing new bugs.ProductsEdit all aspects of products, including group restrictions which let you define who can access bugs being in these products. You can also edit some specific attributes of products such as coniDonents, versions and milestones directly.FlatisA flag is a custom 4-states a
24、ttribute of bugs and/or attachments. These states are: granted, denied, requested and undefined. You can set as many flags as desired per bug, and define which users are allowed to edit them.Custom FieldsBugzilla lets you define fields which are not implemented by default, based on your local and sp
25、ecific requirements. These fields can then be used as any other field, meaning that you can set them in bugs and run any search involving them.Before creating new fields keep in mind that too many fields may make the user interface more complex and harder to use. Be sure you have investigated other
26、ways to satisfy your needs before doing this.Field ValuesDefine legal values for fields whose values must belong to some given list. This is also the place where you define legal valines for some types of custom fields.Buq Status WorkflowCustomize your workflow and choose initial bug statuses availa
27、ble on bug creation and allowed bug status transitions when editing existing bugs.Define groups which will be used in the installation. They can either be used to define new user privileges or to restrict the access to some bugs.KeywordsSet keywords to be used with bugs. Keywords are an easy way to
28、tag bugs to let you find them more easily later.WhiningSet queries which will be run at some specified date and time, and get the result of these queries directly per email. This is a good way to create reminders and to keep track of the activity in your installation.图 2.2.1 Administration 页面点击上图中的“
29、Groups”按钮，进入组权限查询修改及添加界面:图2.2.2权限组管理页面点击界面下方的“Add Gro叩”按钮，进图添加界面:图2.2.3权限组添加页面点击“Add”按钮，进入group组权限设置界面:Group:bugzillaTestDescriiptiion:bugzilla test userUser Regexp:Icon URL:Use For Bugs:Group Perm is s iionsGroups That Are a Member of This Group(r,Users in X are automatically in bugziillaTe5tr,)Add
30、(select to add)Current(select to remove)Groups That This Group Is a Member Of(r,If you are in bugziillaTeBtr you are automatiically bIbo in.ri)Add(select ta add)Current(select to remove)canuseBtiinei qiiip_D-DderatD：rs EiidoerE EiidojpTDtectadiuia bz. bz bz bz bz.cazLtcnfirui E-reateETOups Bditb-iLg
31、s 限且权I限设置页面GrouipB That This Gra2.3分配管理用户组管理员并授权图2.3.1系统首页面超级管理员登陆后，点击“Administration”按钮，进入管理界面，如下图所示:This page is only accessible to empowered users. You can access administrative pages from here (based on your privileges), letting you configure different aspects of this installation. Note: some se
32、ctions may not be accessible to you and are marked using a lighter color.ParametersSet core parameters of the installation. Thats the place where you specify the URL to access this installation, determine how users authenticate, choose which bug fields to display, select the mail transfer agent to s
33、end email notifications, choose which group of users can use charts and share queries, and much more.Default PreferencesSet the default user preferences. These are the values which will be used by default for all users.Users will be able to edit their own preferences from the Preferences.Sanity Chec
34、kRun sanity checks to locate problems in your database. This may take several tens of minutes depending on the size of your installation. You can also automate this check by running 3anitycheck.pl from a cron job. A notification wil be sent per email to the specified user if errors are detected.User
35、sCreate new user accounts or edit existing ones. You can also add and remove users from groups (also known as user privileges).If your installation has to manage many products at once, rts a good id&a to group t/rese products into disbnct categories. This l&ts users Find infvrmatitm more easily v/hs
36、n doing searches or when Bling new bugs.ProductsEdit all aspects of products, including group restrictions which let you define who can access bugs being in these products. You can also edit some specific attributes of products such as comD-nents, versions and milestones directly.FlagsA flag is a cu
37、stom 4-states attribute of bugs and/or attachments. These states are: granted, denied, requested and undefined. You can set as many flags as desired per bug, and define which users are allowed to edit them.Custom FieldsBugzilla lets you define fields which are not implemented by default, based on yo
38、ur local and specific requirements. These fields can then be used as any other field, meaning that you can set them in bugs and run any search involving them.Before creating new fields, keep in mind that too many fields may make the user interface more complex and harder to use. Be sure you have inv
39、estigated other ways to satisfy your needs before doing this.Field ValuesDefine legal values for fields whose values must belong to some given list. This is also the place where you define legal values for some types of custom fields.Bug Status WorkflowCustomize your workflow and choose initial bug
40、statuses available on bug creation and allowed bug status transitions when editing existing bugs.Define groups which will be used in the installation. They can either be used to define new user privileges or to restrict the access to some bugs.KeywordsSet keywords to be used with bugs. Keywords are
41、an easy way to tag bugs to let you find them more easily later.WhininnSet queries which will be run at some specified date and time, and get the result of these queries directly per email. This is a good way to create reminders and to keep track of the activity in your installation.图 2.3.2 Administr
42、ation 页面点击“Users”按钮，进入用户查询、修改及添加用户界面:List users with login name matchingcase-insensitive substringSearchO Restrict to users belonging to group adminYou can alsojcdd a new 拍叫图2.3.3 User管理页面点击“add a new user”按钮，添加新用户:图2.3.4 User添加页面点击“Add”按钮，添加完成新用户，进入授权界面:Group access: Can turn these bits on for othe
43、r users | User is a member of these groups admin: Administratorsbz_c:anusewliiiieatotliers: Can configure whine reports for other usersbz_canusewliines: User can configure whine reports for selfbz_quip_moderators: Can moderate quips bz_sudoers: Can perform actions as other users bz_sudo_protect: Can
44、 not be impersonated by other users canconfirm: Can confirm a bug or mark it a duplicate creategroups: Can create and destroy groups园 * 回 * editbugs: Can edit all bug fields7 editclassifications: Can create, destroy, and edit classifications 回 editcomponents: Can create, destroy, and edit components
45、 园 editkeywords: Can create, destroy, and edit keywords Zl editusers: Can edit or disable userstweakparams: Can change Parametersbugzilla-rft 2.3.5 麻Ser 授权页面右排复选框是用户拥有的权限，左排复选框是用户可以给组成员授予的权限。若设置为超级管理员权限，双排勾或者右排勾选择“admin:Administration”，若设置为用户组管理员（项目组长），通常设置图上图所示权限：项目组权限bugzillaTest （双排勾，自定义如1.2 节），e
46、ditbugs （双排勾），editclasification、editcomponents、editkeywords （右排勾）。2.4建立普通用户普通用户的建立与用户组管理员的建立相同，需要注意的是：用 户的权限不要设置，此工作由用户组管理员完成。3. 用户组管理员用户组管理员根据上面的设置，拥有如下权限：新建Products和Components，添加及管理用户并授权。3.1 新建 Products 和 Components新建Products和Components与超级管理员操作相同，详见2.1。3.2添加及管理用户添加用户与超级管理员操作相同，详见2.3。特别需要注意的是对用户的授权
47、。进入用户管理界面，点击菜单栏的“Administration”：This page is only accessible to empowered users. You can access administrative pages from here (based on your privileges), letting you configure different aspects of this installation. Note: some sections may not be accessible to you and are marked using a lighter color.ParametersSer core parameters of die insaliacion. Thas dte pla
