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1、宾语补足语的用法,英语的五个基本结构S 十 V 主谓结构S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语,1S 十 V 句式He runs quickly他跑得快。2S 十 V(link)十 P 句式：The story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣。3S 十 V 十 O 句式They built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。4S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 句式He
2、offered me his seat/his seat to me他把座位让给我。5S 十 V 十 O 十 C 句式Good food keeps you healthy.I wish you to be happy.They named the boy CharlieI saw her chatting with NancyHe watched the piano carried upstairs.Dont leave me behind.,在英语语言中，一些及物动词后面除了跟宾语外，还需要有一个宾语补足语来对宾语进行补充说明，使其意义更加完整清楚。宾语与宾语补足语合起来称作复合宾语。,一
3、、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,1、名词：We elected Smith our chairman.They named the city Leningrad.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。这类动词后也可用先行词it做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到句子后面去。He felt is his duty to mention this to her.,2、形容词：
4、He dyed her hair brown.I thought her so nice and sincere.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut 等。,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,有时可用it做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面去，构成复合宾语的可以是不定式或是从句。I felt it necessary to make everything clear.,主语+及物动词+宾语+现在
5、分词（作补语）,Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.加现在分词作宾补的动词有：see,hear,smell,feel,keep,watch,leave,get,catch,imagine,like,start,remember,hate.,主语+及物动词+宾语+过去分词（作补语）,He watched the TV set carried out of
6、 the room.Last year they had their house rebuilt.When you speak English,be sure to make yourself understood.这类动词主要有：make,keep,leave,feel,find,have,hear,watch,see,4、动词不定式：Remind me to write that letter,will you?He urged me to join their company.At the meeting they invited me to speak.这类动词包括：advice，ge
7、t,allow,invite,force,oblige,hate,wish,permit,order,bring注：在某些动词后，这类不定式只限用to be 这种形式We thought him to be an honest man.Do you consider that to be important?She found this to be true in all the cities she visited.,主语+及物动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（作补语）,We can let this go on.I saw Martins face go pale.这类动词主要有：make,l
8、et,have,saw,hear,notice watch,fell,help这类词变被动的时候后面要加toHe was made to recite the whole poem.He was seen to fall.,6此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：When do you want it back?Why didnt you invite them in?We could hear the children at play outside.,二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语
9、关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：You should keep your room clean and tidy.(Your room is clean and tidy.)We could hear the children at play outside.(The children are at play outside.),二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：I once heard this song sung i
10、n Japanese.(This song was once sung in Japanese.)I didnt want the children taken out in such weather.(The children were taken out in such weather.),三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：,1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse 等。例如：She c
11、aught her son smoking a cigarette.His words started me thinking.,2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,call on,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help
12、,teach,show,assist,report,bear,wait for/think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。,3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,look at,observe,listen to,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。,四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 的取舍问题：,1、在hear,listen to
13、,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe 等动词后的不定式需省去 to。2、feel 一词，跟 to be 型不定式带 to；跟 to do 型不定式不带 to。3、help 一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可以不带 to。,（请参见“动词不定式”一节）,五、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：,I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.Do you consider
14、it any good trying again?We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us.注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider 等。,Practice,单句改错,The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself understand.We all elected Jason the monitor.The teacher asked us not m
15、ake so much noise.-What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!-During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.,understood,to,warm,5.Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.6.He pushed the door opening.7.She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passe
16、nger.8.With a lot of difficult problems settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.9.When I came in,I found a boy hide behind the door.10.It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.,running,open,putting,to,hidden,with,Tell him _ the window.to shut not B.not to shu
17、t C.to not shut D.not shut2.-Theres a hole in your bag.-I know,Im going to have it _.mend B.mending C.mended D.to be mended3.Though he had often made his little sister _,today he was made _ by his little sister.cry;to cry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry4.They would not allow him _ across the
18、enemy line.to risk going B.risking to goC.for risk to go D.risk going,单项选择,5.I found the door _ when I got home.opened B.close C.unlocking D.open6.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.not to B.not to do C.not do D.do not to7.I couldnt do my homework with all tha
19、t noise_.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on8.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.settledB.settlingC.to settleD.being settled9.I advised _ at once.him to starting B.him to start C.to starting D.to start,10.When I put my hand on his chest,I could fe
20、el his heart still _.beat B.to be beating C.beating D.was beating11.You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.pull out B.to pull out C.pulled out D.pulling out12.He managed to make himself_with his_English.understand;breaking B.understand;brokenC.understood;breaking D.understood;broken13.The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _.A.expose B.exposed C.to expose D.exposing,Thank you,
