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1、Some news about Halloween on USA today,Costumes scary or controversial rule HalloweenAs every good boy and ghoul knows,Halloween is this Friday.This year,a number of people are taking it from fun to controversial(争议)in light of some tragic news stories of the year.每个乖孩子和捣蛋鬼都知道这周五是万圣节。很多人的万圣节因为今年发生的几
2、件悲剧的新闻由轻松玩乐变得充满争议。,Some areEbola(埃博拉病毒)workers,while others have been snapped as NFLsRay Riceand many have been calling them out for their takes.Halloween is all about the costumes heck(见鬼的),even Lady Liberty(自由女神)is dressing up but keep the fun in the candy-filled holiday,not the offensive(进攻的).一些人
3、为感染埃博拉病毒的工人，更多的人为美国橄榄球联盟的队员Ray Rice，还有一些人已经从悲剧新闻中恢复过来。万圣节全是关于服装的见鬼！连自由女神都装扮起来了！我们要在这个充满糖果的节日里好好玩乐，而不是要去进攻。,Words,Costumekstum n.服装，装束；戏装，剧装 vt.给穿上服装scaryskri adj.（事物）可怕的；恐怖的；吓人的；（人）提心吊胆的；引起惊慌的；胆小的controversial,kntrvl adj.有争议的；有争论的ghoul ul n.（东方神话中的）食尸鬼；盗墓者；以做恐怖事情为乐者offensivefnsv adj.攻击的；冒犯的；无礼的；讨厌的n
4、.攻势；攻击,Phrases,in light of 根据；鉴于；从观点tragic news stories 悲惨的新闻故事Ebola workers 感染埃博拉病毒的工人NFL National Football League 国家橄榄球联盟Lady Liberty 自由女神,Origin of Halloween,Traditions of Halloween,Symbols of Halloween,Halloween is one of the worlds oldest holidays,celebrated in several countries around the glob
5、e including the USA,Canada,England,Ireland,Scotland,Mexico,Latin America,and Spain.万圣节是世界上最老的节日之一，在10 月31日这天，有许多国家，如：美国，加拿大，英格兰，爱尔兰，苏格兰，墨西哥，拉丁美洲，西班牙等，都会庆祝万圣节的来临。,Origin of Halloween,Halloween culture can be traced back to the Druids,a Celtic culture in Ireland,Britain and NorthernEurope.Roots lay in
6、 the feast of Samhain,which was annually on October 31st to honor the dead.万圣节文化可以追溯到德鲁伊教，这是一种爱尔兰、北欧和英国的凯尔特文化，根植于萨温节的庆祝活动，萨温节于每年的10月31日纪念逝者。,Samhain signifies summers end or November.It was a harvest festival with huge sacred bonfires,marking the end of the Celtic year and beginning of a new one.萨温节
7、表示夏天结束或者十一月，是一个丰收的节日。在萨温节会燃起神圣巨大的篝火，标志着凯尔特一年的结束和新一年的开始。,The Celts believed that on the night before the new year,the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred as the dead searched for the afterlife.Thus,on the night of October 31st,they celebrated Samhain,when it was beli
8、eved that the ghosts of the dead returned to Earth to cause mischief and trouble.凯尔特人相信在新年的前一晚，阴间和阳间的大门不再门禁森严，此时阴间的鬼魂会趁机跑出来，为阳间的人们带来厄运。所以，在十月三十一日晚上，凯尔特人会庆祝萨温节，以趋魔避邪。,To commemorate the event,people built huge sacred bonfires where animals and crops were sacrificed to the Gods for protection,and to h
9、elp scare ghosts away.The Celts also wore costumes to disguise themselves,in an attempt to confuse the spirits roaming the Earth.凯尔特人借着神圣的营火，燃烧献祭的动物和尸体，以赶走可怕的鬼魂并祈求神的保护。同时，凯尔特人也会假扮成鬼的样子，企图混淆跑到阳间的鬼魂。,Even later,in A.D.1000,the Christian church made November 2nd All Souls Day,a day to honor the dead.It
10、 was celebrated with big bonfires,parades,and dressing up in costumes as saints,angels,and devils.Together,the three celebrations,All Hallows Eve,All Saints Day and All Souls Day,were called Hallowmas.公元一千年左右，基督教订定十一月二日为万灵节，来纪念所有死去的灵魂。以大型营火，游行和变装打扮成圣人，天使或恶灵的方式来庆祝。综合万圣节前夕、万圣节和 万灵节统称为Hallowmas.,Trick-
11、or-treatingThe modern day custom of Trick-or-Treating originated from the very old custom of“Going-a-souling”or begging for soul cakes.Soul cakes were baked goods offered to souls of the departed.Those not offering goods were usually punished with a trick on Halloween night or hexed with misfortune
12、for the next year.不给糖就捣蛋的游戏起源于要灵魂饼干的习俗，灵魂饼干是烤好的用于祭祀过世的人的饼干。而穷人们对那些吝啬不给食物的人通常会以恶作剧来惩罚他们，或是诅咒他们下一年都会厄运缠身。,Traditions of Halloween,Girls are dressed as witches as they prepare to trick-or-treat in Daillens,southwestern Switzerland.,Boys are ready to trick-or-treat in a housing compound in south Jakarta
13、,Indonesia.,Pumpkin CarvingCarved pumpkins are traditionally known as“Jack-o-lanterns.”Traditionally,the jack-o-lantern was carved from a turnip,potato,or beet and lit with a burning candle.These lanterns represented the souls of departed loved ones and were placed in windows or set on porches to we
14、lcome the deceased.众人皆知的杰克番瓜灯是刻在南瓜上，但人们一开始是在萝卜，马铃薯或甜菜上刻灯笼，然后挖空并点燃蜡烛在里面，形成灯笼。这些灯笼代表着过世的亲友，并被放置在窗边或门廊上，以欢迎他们回来。,Traditions of Halloween,Carved Halloween pumpkins are displayed at Granary Square in London.,People participate in a Halloween parade on Oct.31 in Wroclaw,Poland(波兰).,Costume parties,Traditi
15、ons of Halloween,Makeup instructor Carla McKeever poses during the Zombie Sydney event at the Australasian College Broadway in Sydney,Australia.,A boy wears his favorite costume during the annual Halloween celebration at George Hay Park in Johannesburg,South Africa.,Costumed people pose for photogra
16、phs during a Halloween parade in Tokyo.,Pro-democracy demonstrators dress as Chinese ghosts to celebrate Halloween in the Mong Kok district,Hong Kong.,BatsBecause bats only fly at night and live in tombs,caves,and abandoned churches and buildings,they are believed to be omens of evil.They are common
17、ly associated with witches and vampires.蝙蝠是其中一项，因为蝙蝠只住在坟墓，洞穴和废弃的教堂或建筑物中，又因为蝙蝠常令人联想到女巫或吸血鬼，因此他们被视为邪恶的象征。,Symbols of Halloween,WitchesWitches were thought to be tellers of fortune and to cast spells,both good and bad.This frightened many because it was believed that these powers were strongest on Hall
18、oween night.Many people associate witchcraft to either evil or as being wise.女巫因为会算命又会下好咒语和坏咒语，人们相信女巫们的能力在10月31日这天会最强，所以让很多人很害怕她们。现在则很多人认为女巫的能力可以是邪恶或具有智慧的。,Symbols of Halloween,OwlsSuperstitions suggest that owls ate the souls of the dying by swooping to Earth.Owls screeches and their glassy stare a
19、re an omen of death and disaster.传说中，猫头鹰会从天空俯冲下来吃掉人的灵魂。猫头鹰的叫声和眼神让人联想到死亡和灾难。,Symbols of Halloween,Black catsCats,for centuries,have been considered to be spiritual animals that have the ability to sense good and bad spirits.Western superstitions detail that black cats are able to represent spirits or
20、 incarnated humans,thereby linking themto witchcraft.从几世纪前，人们就认为猫是一种有灵性的动物，它们能感应到好或坏的灵魂。西方的传说里，有一种说法，黑猫是灵魂的化身。,Symbols of Halloween,Ghosts and skeletons(骷髅)Ghosts are universal symbols for the departed.Skeletons and bones are symbols of death and shortness of life.Since Halloweens origins lie as the
21、 festival of the dead,it seems only fitting that ghosts and skeletons would be used.鬼魂是公认的死亡象征骷髅象征死亡和短暂的生命。既然万圣节一开始就是一个鬼节，鬼魂和骷髅就理所当然成了万圣节必见的东西。,Symbols of Halloween,Spider and webWhile many cultures feel that the spider and web represent the weaving of life,in reference to Halloween,they represent d
22、ark,spooky places and haunted houses long forgotten.很多文化都视蜘蛛和蜘蛛网为编织生命的象征，但在万圣节，他们却象征着黑暗，恐怖的地方或长久被遗忘的鬼屋。,Symbols of Halloween,Other symbols related to Halloween include the colors black and orange,scarecrows,the moon,vampires,werewolves,and the wearing of masks.其它还包括了黑色和橘色，稻草人，月亮，吸血鬼，狼人和面具。,Symbols of Halloween,Thanks for your attention！,
