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1、,大学英语B网考辅导,语法精讲与样题分析,语法知识归纳,一、非谓语动词,二、情态动词和虚拟语气,非谓语动词,非谓语动词,动名词,分 词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,非谓语动词的三种形式,语法知识归纳,一、非谓语动词,1、哪些动词接不定式，哪些接动名词，哪些动词即可接不定式，又可接动名词，但是词义不同。,2、不定式、动名词的复合结构及其时态和语态。,3、不定式符号to的省略与否。,4、现在分词与过去分词的区别。,1、接不定式作宾语的动词有,afford,agree,decide,determine,expect,hope,manage,refuse,offer,pretend等。,55.He _
2、 to arrange a loan through a finance company.(test 1)A.tried B.succeeded C.managed D.endeavored,考点分析：succeed(in)doing sth,try/endeavor to do sth表示“尝试、试图”，而manage to do sth表示“设法做成了某事”,2、不定式中的to是否省略,1)感官动词feel,hear,listen to,see,look at,notice,watch 以及使役动词have,let,make等动词后，不定式不带to,但是，当这些动词变成被动语态时，动词不定
3、式要加上to.如：,Mum makes me eat eggs every day.,Im made to eat eggs every day(by mum).,2)不定式用作介词but和except的宾语时，如果其前有do的某种形式，不定式不带to,否则不定式要带to.如：,49.They talked in whispers,but still,I couldnt help but _ their conversation.(test 5)A.overhear B.to overhear C.overhearing D.overheard,46.That was so serious a
4、 matter that I had no choice but _the police.(test 4)A.called in B.calling in C.call in D.to call in,注意：在but构成的习惯用语中不带to:can not help but do(不得不）can do nothing but docan not choose but docan not do anything but do(只能做),3)在情态动词如：had better,would rather than之后不用to,动词help后，to可带可不带。,3、下列动词或动词词组后只接动名 词作宾
5、语,admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,consider,escape,enjoy,finish,mind,practise,risk,suggest,52.I dont know why she avoids _ his opinion on the subject.(Test 3)A.to give B.to be given C.giving D.being given,50.Her sun-tanned face suggested that she_ in excellent health.(Test 6)A.be B.is C.was D.were,2)can
6、t help,cant stand,give up,feel like,put off,be busy,have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time,be used to,see to,be opposed to,be sentenced to,admit to,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,46.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was bus
7、y _ for her exam.(Test 1)A.to prepare B.to be prepared C.preparing D.being prepared,57.I _ going to the doctor,but I wish I hadnt.(Test 1)A.pick out B.make out C.give off D.put off,46.The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court.(Test 6)A.objected to having
8、B.objected to have C.were objected to have D.were objected to having,4、1)下列动词或词组后既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上又区别，要特别注意。,forget/remember,to do sth 忘记/记住去做某事,doing sth 忘记/记住已做某事,53.If I had remembered _ the window,the thief would not have got in.(Test 3)A.to close B.closing C.to have closed D.having clo
9、sed,stop,to do sth 停下来接着做另一件事,doing sth 停止做某事,try,to do sth 努力/试图做某事,doing sth 尝试着做某事,mean,go on,to do sth 意欲/想/企图做某事,doing sth 意味着做某事,to do sth（做完某事）接着做另一件事,doing sth 继续做同一件事,(=go on with sth),2)动词need,require,want和be worth,need/require/want,doing/to be done,sb.to do sth.,The window needs/requires/
10、wants,cleaning.,to be cleaned.,be worth,+n.,doing,The place is worth visiting.(主动表被动含义。,5、分词 现在分词和过去分词,1）区别：掌握八个字。,分词,现在分词：主动、进行,过去分词：被动、完成,2）过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以表示被动的意义，但各自的时间的概念不同：过去分词表示动作完成或已经发生，而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在进行，还未完成。,46.Air pollution _,this city is still a good place to live in.(Test 3)A.being grea
11、tly reduced B.greatly being reduced C.to greatly reduce D.greatly to reduce,47.Many Americans worry about leisure and hurry from one activity to the next,_ little time to stop and think.(Test 3)A.leave B.leaving C.left D.to leave,54.Cambridge has announced plans to establish a business school _the m
12、asters degree in the business administration.(Test 3)A.representing B.offering C.presenting D.supplying,考点分析：represent的意思是“代表”，offer 意为“提供”，present意为“提出”，supply意为“供应”,53._ such a good chance,he planed to learn more.(Test 5)A.Giving B.Having given C.Having been given D.To be given,=If he_ such a good
13、 chance,he planed to learn more.A.was giving B.had given C.had been given D.was to give,52.Having been asked to speak at the convention，_.(Test 6)A.some notes were prepared for Dr.Smith B.Smith prepared some notes C.The convention members were pleased to hear Dr.Smith D.Some notes were prepared by D
14、r.Smith,49.The concert usually takes place at the Peoples Square,with the audience _ on the ground.(Test 1)A.seating B.seated C.be seating D.to seat,二、情态动词和虚拟语气,（一）情态动词,重点掌握“情态动词+完成时”的用法,1.must+have done:表示对过去的一种肯定的推测，意为“肯定”“一定”。,2.may(might)+have done:用于肯定和否定句，表示对已发生的是事情的推测，相当于“可能”“大概”，但不太肯定。,3.sho
15、uld(ought to)+have done:表示过去 应该做却没有做的事，译为“本来应 该”。4.shouldnt(oughtnt to)have done sth:表示 过去本不应该做却做了的事，译为“本不该”。,47.Although Jack made a foolish mistake,we _ at him.(Test 4)A.ought to have laughed B.oughtnt to have laughed C.ought to laugh D.should not to laugh,47.Five minutes earlier,_ we could have c
16、aught the last train.A.and B.or C.so D.but,5.neednt+have done:表示没必要做的事却做了，可译为“其实不必”,4.could(not)+have done:表过去的时间，说明某事可能（不可能）发生；肯定句表示某事过去本可以做但却未做；否定句表示某事过去本来不应该做但做了。,二）虚拟语气,1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用,3、虚拟语气用在as if(as though),even if(even though)中,4、在It is(high)time(that)句型中，也 需用虚拟语气。从句中的动词用过式。,
17、5、用于if only引导的句中。,1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,53.If I had remembered _ the window,the thief would not have got in.(Test 3)A.to close B.closing C.to have closed D.having closed,50.If the whole program _ beforehand,a great deal of time and money would have been lost.(Test 1)A.was not planned B.were not planned C.w
18、ould not be planned D.had not been planned,2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用,当suggest,propose,desire,advice等含有建议的意思时，that从句习惯用（should)+动词原形,这种形式还使用在“It is+形容词或过去分词或特定的名词+that的主语从句”中：,形容词有：advisable,desirable,essential,impor-tant,necessary,normal,strange,过去分词有：decided,desired,demanded,ordered,required,suggested,特定的名词
19、有：advice,decision,desire,demand,suggestion,wish,proposal,idea,49.We desire that the tour leader _ us imme-diadately of any changes in plan.(Test 4)A.inform B.informs C.informed D.has informed,50.Her wish was that he _ at Beijing Univer-sity at once.(Test 5)A.studies B.studied C.study D.will study,48
20、.This is very difficult operation.It is essential that you _ for emergency.(Test 6)A.are to be prepared B.would prepared C.be prepared D.must be prepared,考点分析：在would rather、would prefer后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气，其构成为动词用过去式。,49.Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they
21、investigate the situation.(Test 6)A.dont do B.didnt do C.would not do D.do,3、虚拟语气用在as if(as though),even if(even though)中,54.Determined to _ as if everything were normal,he responded with a kind of indifference.(Test 1)A.carry on B.account for C.bring up D.get through,4、在It is(high)time(that)句型中，也需用
22、虚 拟语气。从句中的动词用过去式。,51.Isnt it about the time you _ to do morning exercises?(Test 1)A.began B.begin C.should begin D.have begun,考点分析：表示现在的愿望，用would/could do;表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用would/could have done,46.If only he _ what I tell him,but he wont.(Test 5)A.had done B.would do C.would have done D.has done,解题技巧,直
23、接法直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法。,关键词法许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词(key words)。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口。,类推法如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A对，那么B也对”的类推法，从而可将A、B予以否定。,前后照应法此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。解题前透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案。,排除法根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验，辨别真伪。,Good luck！,
