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1、九年级英语复习之主谓一致,人教版,主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法之一,经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则,其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看,主要以单项选择为主,在完形填空、看图填单词中有时也会涉及此考点。,考点一语法一致1一般情况下,主语为单数可数名词、不可数名词或第三人称单数代词时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数可数名词或代词时,谓语动词用复数形式。eg:A boy is playing basketball on the playground.They look young and healthy.*当an
2、d或bothand连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。eg:Both she and her brother like playing chess.,2、不定代词either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?Everyone is ready for the s
3、ports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。,3、由each,each.and each.,every.and every.,every.作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。,*4当主语后面跟有with,except,including,together with等介词短语引导时,谓语动词的单复数形式由这些词语前面的主语的单复数形式决定。eg:Mr Green(with his wife and two sons)is coming to Beijing.All
4、 students(except Mike)were in the classroom when Mr.Li came in.I(together with my friends)am going to go to Beijing.,5“the number of复数可数名词”意为“的数量、数字”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式;“a number of复数可数名词”意为“许多”,=a lot of lots of;作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如:The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。A number of trees are c
5、ut down.许多树木被砍倒了。,*6.“a lot of(lots of,plenty of,most of)名词”、“the rest of名词”表示“其余的”,和“分数或百分数of+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于后面所接的名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。Most of the money is his fathers.大部分的钱都是他父亲的The rest of the cake was eaten up by her.剩下的蛋糕都被她
6、吃完了 Two thirds of the bread is eaten by Brad.三分之二的面包都被Brad吃了 40%of the books in this library are for kids.40%的书都是儿童书籍。,7.由“a pair(a kind,a series(一串,一套).)of复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds.)of复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made
7、each day.每天能制作15双鞋。,8.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves.)作主语时,谓词动词用复数形式。如:My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。【友情提示】1.pants,glasses,shorts,shoes等词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如果这些名词前有a/this/that pair of(一双、一对)等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。eg:The shorts look great.Ill take them.This pair of shoes is too expen
8、sive for me.9.不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Reading is learning.读书就是学习。To eat is to live,but to live is not to eat.吃,是为了生存,但生存不是为了吃。,【例1】We make it a rule that each of us _ the bedroom one day a week.Ahas cleaned Bhave cleanedCcleans Dclean解析:“each每一个”强调个体,故用第三人称单数;“one day a week 一周一天”则表明指频度,应用一般现在时。答案:_
9、,C,【例2】_ that pair of _ a little cheaper?(2014,齐齐哈尔)AIs;glass BAre;glassCIs;glasses DAre;glasses解析:a pair of后应接复数名词,其作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式。答案:_,C,【例3】The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them _ about science.Ais Bwas Care Dwere解析:由前半句中谓语动词is可推断出后半句中谓语动词也应用一般现在时;短语a number of
10、作主语时,谓语动词应用复数。答案:_,C,高频考向二意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。由and连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如:The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。,表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时,一般被看做一个
11、整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。Three thousand dollars is a lot of money 三千美元是一笔很大的钱。Two weeks is a long time for me to wait you.两周等待你的时间太长了。,集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government.)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:My family is a small one with three
12、people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。After dinner,all of my family are going to go shopping.吃完晚饭后,我家人打算一起去逛街。,people,police,cattle(牛群)等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。算式中,表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式,但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如:What is/are three times three?3乘以3是多少?,【例4】How
13、 much _ the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.Ais;is Bis;are Care;is Dare;are解析:the pair of shoes的中心词是pair,则谓语动词用单数;把twenty dollars看成整体,则谓语动词也用单数。答案:_,A,*高频考向三就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致,这种原则叫做就近原则,又叫做邻近原则。由either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but(also),not.but.(不是而是)或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
14、如:Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。Not he but I am a teacher.He is a doctor.我才是老师,不是他,他是一名医生You or he has taken my pen.你或他拿了我的钢笔。,There be.和Here be.这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如:There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。There are
15、 two bananas and an apple on the table.桌子上有两根香蕉和一个苹果。,1.有些名词是单复同行,如sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese等。eg:A sheep is eating grass on the hill.A lot of deer are eating grass on the hill.2一些以s结尾的名词(如news,physics(物理),maths,politics(政治)等)形式上是复数,但意义上是单数,它们作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。eg:I think physicspolitics is very interesting.3.“the形容词”表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。eg:The poor are not easy to live in this village.(穷人在这个村子没法生活)4.“the姓氏的复数形式”表示某某一家人或某某夫妇,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。eg:The Blacks are going to go to China.(布莱克一家人准备去中国),考点易错点突破,