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1、Chapter 9,Risks for Breast Cancer and Its Treatment,Vocabulary Preview and Exercise,Read the following words and phrases,relating them to their Chinese equivalents.,mammogram n.mastectomy n.lump n.marble n.biopsy n.sentence n.ancestry n.estrogen n.,乳房X线照片乳房切除术，乳腺摘除术块，肿块弹子，大理石活组织检查，活体检视宣判，判决祖先，世系雌激素,
2、hormonal n.ovulation n.menstruation n.tamoxifen n.herceptin n.receptor n.aggressive a.inherited a.,荷尔蒙的，激素的排卵月经，月经期间他莫昔芬赫赛汀(治疗乳腺癌药物)受体，感受器积极行动的，侵犯的遗传的，通过继承得到的,mutation n.BRCA1 BRCA2 recur v.hereditary a.disproportionately ad.attributable a.malignancy n.,突变，变异，变种乳腺易感蛋白1乳腺易感蛋白2复发，再发生遗传的，世袭的 不相称地，不均匀地可
3、归于的恶性，恶性肿瘤，恶意,conceal v.mounting a.Caucasian a./n.calibrate vt.shrimp n.tofu n.sprout n.postmenopausal a.,隐藏，隐瞒，遮住不断上升的高加索人(的)，白种人校准，使标准化虾，矮小的人豆腐新芽，嫩枝绝经后的,reproductive a.scrutiny n.brood n.menstrual a.workout n.strenuous a.invasive a.misinformation n.,生殖的，再生产的仔细检查，细看一窝，一家的孩子们月经的，行经期的训练，锻炼用力的，费劲的，勤奋的
4、侵害的，侵袭的误传，误报，错误的信息,globalize v.curative a.mobilize v.destine v.,使全球化，全世界化治疗的，有疗效的调动，发动，动员起来命定，注定，指定,Fill in the blank of the following sentences with a suitable word in the grid,changing its form if necessary.,1.Preventive medicine is concerned with preventing disease,whereas _ medicine is concerned
5、 with healing.2.Hawkins was a very emotional man,incapable of _ what he felt from those who knew him best.,curative mobilize destine invasive strenuous scrutiny shrimp conceal malignancy hereditary inherited recur attributable mutation mounting,curative,concealing,3.His doctor advised him not to tak
6、e any _ exercise until he had completely recovered.4.The unions _ thousands of workers in a protest against the cuts.5.Workers are not going to put up with wage controls in the face of _ inflation.,curative mobilize destine invasive strenuous scrutiny shrimp conceal malignancy hereditary inherited r
7、ecur attributable mutation mounting,strenuous,mobilized,mounting,6.Closer _ of the medical records revealed that the woman had died of blood poisoning.7.The disease is _,so there is a chance her daughter may suffer from it,too.8.Although the treatment for skin cancer is usually successful,the proble
8、m can _ later.,curative mobilize destine invasive strenuous scrutiny shrimp conceal malignancy hereditary inherited recur attributable mutation mounting,scrutiny,hereditary,recur,9.Research findings show that women who exercise regularly have a 20%lower risk of _ breast cancer.10.The _ of these tumo
9、rs makes them difficult to treat.,curative mobilize destine invasive strenuous scrutiny shrimp conceal malignancy hereditary inherited recur attributable mutation mounting,invasive,malignancy,1._2._3._,Asking,Listening andWatching,A.Write down three questions on the topic which you find interesting
10、to explore.,B.Listen to an audio clip three times and complete the following passage with the words or phrases from the audio clip.,Breast Cancer Treatment,More than one million new cases of breast cancer are(1)_ every year around the world.But survival rates have(2)_ in recent years in the United S
11、tates,(3)_ and some other countries.A new report says drug treatments have played a(4)_ part.When breast cancer is found early,before it has(5)_,doctors can operate to(6)_ any disease they find.But some cells may(7)_ that can become cancerous,reported,increased,Britain,major,spread,remove,remain,lat
12、er in life.So(8)_ treatments aim to prevent breast cancer from coming back.In some cases,the new study found that drugs could(9)_ by half the risk of death from breast cancer within fifteen years.That is,from the time the cancer is found.This(10)_ was shown in middle-aged women with the most common
13、breast cancer.(11)_ _.,additional,reduce,effect,They began with six months of a combination of chemotherapy drugs,Then came five years of the drug tamoxifen.Tamoxifen helps block the effects of estrogen.Estrogen is the hormone linked to the most common kind of breast cancer.The researchers found tha
14、t(12)_ _.They note that(13)_ _ _.,survival rates were higher fifteen years after treatment than they were after five years,further improvements in long-term survival could result from newer drugs,or from better use of older one,C.Listen to the audio clip“Debate over Mammograms”only once and choose t
15、he best answer to each of the following questions.,Debate over Mammograms,1.A detailed X-ray picture taken by a mammogram can _.A.reduce a womans chances of dying breast cancer B.avoid some severe treatments of breast cancer C.prevent the whole breast from being removed D.show if a woman has abnorma
16、l breast tissue,2.What do some experts say about long-term survival?A.It depends on the location of the tumor.B.It depends on the size of the breast tumor.C.It depends on the aggressiveness of the tumor.D.It depends on the early detection of the tumor.,3.Doctor Lerner says that _.A.he has written a
17、book“The Breast Cancer Wars”to support mammograms B.he will continue to advise a yearly mammogram for women aged 50 to 70 C.he will continue to suggest a yearly mammogram for women under 50 D.he doesnt think mammograms can provide much valuable information,4.Why do many experts still believe that ma
18、mmograms can save lives?A.Mammograms find more early cancer tumors than any other test.B.Mammograms can contribute to a better treatment of breast cancer.C.Mammograms have resulted in a better prevention of breast cancer.D.Mammograms have resulted in a drop of death rates from breast cancer.,5.When
19、the wife of President Gerald Ford had an operation for breast cancer in 1974,_.A.she openly demanded to increase money for breast cancer research B.individuals and businesses contributed money trying to save her life C.the public had far less discussion of this kind of cancer than today D.activists
20、worked to demand a better treatment for her disease,Key 1.D 2.C 3.B.4.A.5.C,D.Watch a video clip“Unnecessary Surgeries?”twice and decide whether each of the following statements is true(T)or false(F).,Unnecessary Surgeries?,_ 1.A question has been raised about one out of eight women developing breas
21、t cancer._ 2.Every year about 60,000 of the breast biopsies are unnecessary according to a new study._ 3.A needle biopsy for breast cancer is recommended as a less invasive procedure._ 4.Surgeons are more comfortable with a surgical biopsy because of its diagnostic accuracy.,FF T T,_ 5.A needle biop
22、sy is done without anesthesia,leaves no scar and rarely misses lesions._ 6.As about 90 percent of abnormal mammograms turn out to be benign,it makes sense to have the most minimally invasive approach._ 7.Radiologists rather than surgeons do surgical biopsies in most cases._ 8.Your doctor will decide
23、 whether to undergo a surgical biopsy if you have abnormal mammograms.,FT F F,Read and Discuss Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Different Cultures,focusing on the following questions.,Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Different Cultures,1.What disease did Liu Lichun suffer when she was 40 years old
24、?Did she knew that?2.Why did Liu Lichun think of the diagnosis as a death sentence?3.What is the incidence of breast cancer in the U.S.?4.What,according to the author,is the most powerful thing that can determine a womans chances of surviving breast cancer?,5.What is one season why breast cancer hit
25、s usually in middle age?6.Why are Asian women at higher risk of developing ER-negative cancer?7.What is BRCA1?And what is BRCA2?8.What factors lead to a high proportion of Asian breast cancer?9.What features does dense breast tissue present clinically?,10.What factors should be taken into considerat
26、ion when it comes to doses of chemotherapy？11.In what way do lifestyles contribute to breast cancer?12.What is the explanation for the possible link between reproductive habits and breast cancer development?13.Why does it take cultural understanding to treat breast cancer?,Reading Comprehension,Comp
27、lete each statement or give a short answer to each question in no more than six words according to the article.,1.Liu Lichun,a 40-year-old Chinese woman from Inner Mongolia,thought of the diagnosis of her illness as _.2.Breast cancer is _ cancer for women in the world.3.One of the most powerful thin
28、gs that can determine a womans chances of _ _ is race.,a death sentence,the most lethal form of,surviving breast cancer,4.One season why breast cancer usually hits in middle age is _.5.Asian women are at higher risk of developing _.6.BRCA1 and BRCA2 are _ _.7.Many studies show that women with denser
29、 breast tissue are more likely to _ _.,exposure to estrogen,ER-negative breast cancer,an inherited mutations in the genes,develop malignancies,8.When it comes to doses of chemotherapy,the patients _ should be taken into consideration.9.Other risk factors contributing to breast cancer are _.10.It tak
30、es cultural understanding to treat breast cancer because breast cancer _ _ in many parts of the world.,height,weight and ethnicity,diet,reproductive habits and lack of exercise,is still a shameful secret,Decide whether the following informationis true(T)or false(F)or not given(NG)according to the re
31、ading.,A Debate on How to Treat Precancerous Breast Disease,_ 1.Jane Leffingwell needed to think about mastectomy because the recurrence increased her risk of dying of breast cancer._ 2.The widespread application of mammography resulted in a marked increase in the number of women diagnosed with D.C.
32、I.S._ 3.Studies suggest that the form of treatment a woman receives for D.C.I.S.may affect her survival rate.,FT F,_ 4.There is controversy among scientists over whether D.C.I.S.should be treated aggressively._ 5.Dr.Nancy N.Baxter,an assistant professor of surgery,recommended the less-aggressive lum
33、pectomy plus radiation._ 6.Compared with undertreatment,overtreatment has more psychological effect on the women with D.C.I.S.,TNG T,_ 7.Not getting the right message and misperceptions about D.C.I.S.may lead to undertreatment._ 8.The majority of women with D.C.I.S.want to receive lumpectomy plus ra
34、diation._ 9.Some experts believe that women with the high-grade lesions require additional aggressive treatment,but those with low-grade lesions do not.,FNG T,_ 10.Ms.Leffingwell followed the advice of the experts from the Dana-Farber institute to have a second lumpectomy.,F,Read the following passa
35、ge and choose the best answer to each comprehension question.,Cancer Gene Tests Turn Out to Be Far From Simple,1.The identification of the BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genes is significant because _.A)they are the real culprits in most hereditary cases of breast cancer B)the discovery has prompted much excitem
36、ent among scientists C)it has greatly contributed to understanding and preventing breast cancer D)women with family histories of breast cancer can take preventive actions,2.The identification of these genes provides the following additional insights EXCEPT that _.A)it is not enough to consider only
37、the mothers cancer history when estimating a womans risk.B)the behavior of the breast cancer genes has turned out to be simple from a personal perspective.C)the genes appear to play a role in other illnesses besides breast cancer D)each mutation in BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 may confer a different degree of
38、risk,3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as other types of cancers that might also result from the mutation of these genes?A)Lung cancer B)Ovarian cancer C)Prostate cancer D)Stomach cancer,4.Why would the same gene defect.not behave the same way in all families?A)Other genetic factors may also
39、 raise the risk of breast cancer.B)So far not much has been learned about the human genome.C)The genes tendency to express itself may be much lower in some families.D)BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 are not the only genes that cause breast cancer.,5.Which of the following is NOT the truth behind the misconception
40、 that some cases of breast cancer are genetically influenced and some are not?A)The gene defect does not appear in every body cell.B)Other breast cancer genes may also be involved.C)Only a small percentage of all cancers is inherited.D)Ovarian cancer has occurred in some cases.,6.Which of the follow
41、ing statements is NOT true of a genetic mutation?A)It can occur when a mistake is made during cell division.B)It can occur when it is inherited from ones mother or father.C)It can occur when it is induced by exposure to a chronic irritant.D)It can occur when undetected by the cells built-in surveill
42、ance system.,Key 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B,1.What are risk factors for breast cancer?2.How is breast cancer diagnosed?How is breast cancer at different stages treated?3.What preventive measures can be taken to lower the risk of developing breast cancer?4.Have you ever known anyone with cancer?How did
43、the disease affect his or her body?How did it affect his or her spirit?5.Do you think cancer is as taboo of a subject as it was when your parents and grandparents were your age?Why or why not?,Further Topics for Discussion and Oral Presentation,V.Language Practice,A.Word-building Study the Prefixes,
44、Suffixes and Roots in the following grid,and then provide the corresponding word based on word-building blocks and the given definition.,Prefixes post-:after;later(之后；稍后的)Suffixes-ectomy:surgical removal(切除术)-gen:producer(产生者)-gram:something written or drawn;a record(书写或图；记录)-odynia:pain(疼痛),-oma:tu
45、mor(肿瘤)-pathy:disease(疾病)-plasty:plastic surgery(整形外科，外科修补术)Roots aden(o)-:gland(腺体)estro-:estrus(雌性动物的动情，动情周期),mamm(o)-:breast,mammary gland(乳房；乳腺)mast(o)-:breast;mammary gland;nipple(乳房；乳腺)men(o)-:menses(月经)ovul(o)-:egg(卵子),1.A generic term for estrus-producing compounds2.An x-ray image of the bre
46、ast produced by mammography3.Reconstructive or cosmetic plastic surgery to alter the size or shape of the breast4.A benign tumor of the breast5.Surgical removal of all or part of a breast,estrogenmammogram mammoplastymastadenoma mastectomy,6.Pain in the breast7.Any of various diseases of the breasts
47、8.The process or an instance of discharging the menses9.The discharge of an ovum from the ovary10.Of or occurring in the time following menopause,mastodyniamastopathymenstruationovulationpostmenopausal,C.Complete each of the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English,using the words
48、 and phrases in the grid.,1._(是孩子们有可能受害最大)when their parents decide to get divorced.2.In the past many businesses and companies have seemed virtually _ _(不关心环境问题).,occur to sb.indifferent to fromperspective be apt to attributable to when it comes to opt for be destined to turn out to be stick to pas
49、s on to compared with,It is children who are apt to suffer most,indifferent to environmental issues,3.Misperceptions about the disease also may lead women _.(选择过分的治疗)than needed.4.To what extent do you think that these higher-than-average temperature _ _(归因于全球变暖)?,occur to sb.indifferent to frompers
50、pective be apt to attributable to when it comes to opt for be destined to turn out to be stick to pass on to compared with,to opt for more aggressive treatment,are attributable to global warming,5.He _(应坚持他所擅长的),and not try and do something he knows nothing about.6._(我们甚至从未想到过)that she would recover
