《公开课高三英语复习之简单句的基本句型.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《公开课高三英语复习之简单句的基本句型.ppt（47页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、Welcometo our class!,霖田中学 张秀彩,Do you know what kind of sentences they are?,1.It can really make me cry.2.It was songs of love and Id memorize each word.3.When I was young,Id listen to the radio waiting for my favorite songs.4.It was songs of love that I would sing to them.5.It was songs of love that
2、 I would sing to them and Id memorize each word.,复合句,并列句,简单句,并列复合句,英语句子的种类,由and,but,or,so这四个并列连词连接，而“，”是不能连接两个简单句的。,简单句的五种基本句型英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,英语五种基本句型列式如下：,基本句型一：+i（主谓）,基本句型二：+l+（主谓/系表）,基本句型三：+t+（主谓宾）,基本句型四:+t+IO+DO(主谓间宾
3、直宾）,基本句型五:+t+O（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型 一(subject)+Vi(verb)（主谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.She came yesterday.,V,S,2023/5/26,6,英语基本句型-1主谓结构 本结构是由主语+不及物动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel
4、by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back when we were eating.,主语+谓语S+V,The girls run fast.,The girl in black runs fast.,The girl in black ran fastest in the sports meeting.,The girl in black ran fastest in the sports meeting i
5、n 2007.,+时间状语,+定语,+地点状语,基本句型一 主谓（S+V）,S+V1.She cooks.2.He is working.3.What he said does not matter.4.The pen writes smoothly.5.Hearing the news,his mother cried sadly.,9,1明天她会过来。,3.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了。,She will come,tomorrow.,巩固练习：,The baby,smiles.,sleeping,five years ago.,2五年前我住在梅州。,I lived,in Meizhou,4每天八时
6、开始上课。,every day.,Classes begin,at eight,in the past ten years.,5在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,Great changes have taken place,in my home town,基本句型 二+（主系表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分三类：1.表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的 remain
7、,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;,基本句型二 主系表,S+V+P1.He is happy.2.Everything looks nice.3.His face turned red.4.The weather is becoming colder and colder.5.She grew rich within a short of time.,The boy is cute.,The little boy is very cute.,The little boy who h
8、as small eyes is very cute.,主语+谓语+表语S+V+P,+定语,+状语,+定语从句,13,1树叶已经变黄了。2这个报告听起来很有意思 3孩子们很少保持安静。4他失业了。5她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,He is out of work.,The leaves have turned yellow.,The report sounds interesting.,Her job is to look after the children in the kindergarten.,Children seldom keep quiet.,Practice makes pe
9、rfect!,(一)请划分以下句子的成分。1The soup tastes delicious.2He fell ill suddenly.3Our well has gone dry.4The sun was shining brightly 5The moon rose high in the sky.6Tom works very hard.7His words sound reasonable.,15,in the morning.,to play basketball.,to the south.,for five years,1.自从我大学毕业后，我已经工作五年了。,3秋天有些鸟飞
10、到南方去。,4我的爷爷早晨起得很早。,5.每天下午有许多学生去操场打篮球。,I have worked,some birds fly,In autumn,My grandfather gets up,early,a lot of students go,Every afternoon,to the playground,since I graduated,from university.,two hours.,2会议将持续两个小时。,The meeting will last,Translation,16,Translation6冬季白天短，夜晚长7十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。8.站在门口的
11、那个漂亮的女孩子是我的女朋友。,In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.,The pretty girl who is standing at the door is my girlfriend.,请用所学知识完成下面的小作文。,我们班由位成员组成。这是一个大家庭。我们经常彼此帮助。我们的班长是一个男孩/女孩。他/她学习很努力，并且时刻都准备好帮助别人。我们都很喜欢他/她。我们班是一个快乐的集体，经常充满了笑声。每一个老师都很乐意
12、帮助我们解决学习上和生活上的问题。为了能考上理想的大学，我们共同努力，共同进步，尽我们最大的努力去实现我们的梦想。,Suggested answer:Our class is made up of members.This is a big family.We always help each other.Our monitor is a boy/a girl.He/she studies very hard,and he/she is always ready to help others.Our class is happy group,which is full of laughter.
13、Each teacher is willing to help us solve the problems both in study and life.To enter an ideal university,we work together,make progress together and try our best to achieve our dreams.,基本句型 三+（主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.We like the movie.S,V,o,基本句型三 主谓宾,S+V+
14、OWe study English everyday.They are playing football.He enjoys reading.She said“Good morning.”,They were playing a tug-of-war.,They were playing a tug-of-war on September 28th,2008.,They were playing a tug-of-war which our teachers took part in on September 28th,2008.,主语+谓语+宾语S+V+O,+时间状语,+定语从句,2023/
15、5/26,22,巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。,I wrote a letter last night.,I want to talk with you this afternoon.,He has read this book many times.,2023/5/26,23,4玛丽出生时重五公斤。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。,That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.,I received a letter from my
16、penfriend in Australia.,Jim cannot dress himself.,when she was born.,Mary weighed five kilos,Take a break!,基本句型 四+IO+D（主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为 S+V+DO+prep.+IO e.g.She gave me an apple.=She gave an apple to me.,基本句型四,SV（及物）IO（多指人）DO（多指物）I give him a book.M
17、y mother bought me a pen yesterday.I showed him my picture.,2023/5/26,27,英语基本句型4 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for
18、 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for 的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。,常见的可以接双宾语的动词有,tell(告诉某人),tellsb sth(tell sth to sb)send(送给某人),sendsb sth(send sth to sb)give(给某人),give
19、sb sth(give sth to sb)bring(带给某人),bringsb sth(bring sth to sb),leave(留给某人),leave sb sth(leave sth to sb)pass(递给某人),passsb sth(pass sth to sb)read(给某人读),readsb sth(read sth to sb)write(给某人写),write sb sth(write sth to sb)take(给某人拿),takesb sth(take sth to sb),show(给某人看),showsb sth(show sth to sb)teach(
20、教给某人),teach sb sth(teach sth to sb)lend(借给某人),lendsb.sth(lend sth to sb)return(还给某人)return sb sth(return sth to sb)hand(递给某人)handsb sth(hand sth to sb)throw(扔给某人)throw sb sth(throw sth to sb),get(为某人弄到),getsb sth(get sth for sb)pay(支付给某人),paysb sth(pay sth for sb)buy(为某人买),buysb sth(buy sth for sb)d
21、o(为某人做)do sb sth(do sth for sb)sing(为某人唱)sing sb sth(sing sth for sb)play(为某人演奏)play sb sth(play sth for sb),cook(为某人煮)cook sb sth(cook sth for sb)choose(为某人选择)choose sb sth(choose sth for sb)make(为某人做)make sb sth(make sth for sb)save(为某人留)save sb sth(save sth for sb)fetch(为某人去取)fetch sb sth(fetch s
22、th for sb),33,1今年张老师教我们英语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员（conductor）看。,Ms.Zhang teaches us English,this year.,Grandma told us an interesting story,last night.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,34,5你可以借些钱给我吗？6下课后小莉将为我们唱一首歌。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣,C
23、an you lend me some money?,Xiaoli will sing a song for us after class.,He bought a new sweater for his mother,with his first months salary.,基本句型 五+O（主谓宾宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾 语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：能表达成宾语 是/做 e.g.We made him the manager.S,V,O,OC,基本句型五,S+V（及物）+O(宾语)+C（宾补）We must k
24、eep the door open.The news makes me happy.We call him Jim.He told me to wash the plates.I saw a thief going into your room.,2023/5/26,37,英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构 说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singin
25、g.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,1、接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,f
26、eel等I considered him a genius.We elected John our monitor.2.接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：make,keep,think,find,consider,等I wish you successful.At first I found English hard.3.接副词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有keep,let,find,put,push等。如:Let the fresh air in.They couldnt find the way back.,4.动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况：,1）接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的
27、动词常见的有tell,want,ask,wish,teach等。如：Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow.告诉他后天到这里来。2）接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear,see,watch,let,make等。如：He made us laugh.3）接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help。如：She often helps her mother（to）do some housework.,5.接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch,see,hear,find,keep等。如：In the
28、country,he can hear birds singing.I saw the little girl dancing.6.接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有want,see,hear,find,keep,get,leave等。如：Lucy will make herself known.I want the work finished soon.7.接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find,keep,take,consider,等。如：The boy found his pen on the floor.,巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷
29、释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。5.爸爸命令我立即离开房间。6.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。7他每个月理一次发8他感到很难跟你交谈。,41,We wont let her go out at night.,We call her Alice.,We all consider him honest.,They set the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,He has his hair cut once a month.,Father ordered m
30、e to leave the room at once.,分析下列句子成分。1.Plants need water.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.The flower is so fresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.They work hard.S+V(主+谓)4.He gives me some seeds.S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.We should keep the classroom clean.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)6.Many animals live in trees.S+V+A(主+谓+地状),2023/5/26,43,英语基本句型6 Ther
31、e be 句型 说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,2023/5/26,44,Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：
32、现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be,2023/5/26,45,巩固练习：1这个村子过去只有一口井。2客人当中有两名美
33、国人和两名法国人。3天气预报说下午有大风。,There was only a well in the village.,Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.,The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.,2023/5/26,46,4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。5战前这儿一直有家电影院的。6恰好那时房里没人。,The light is on.There must be someone in the office.,There used to be a cinema here before the war.,There happened to be nobody in the room.,2023/5/26,47,7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。8公共汽车来了。9就只剩下二十八美元了。10铃响了。,Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.,There comes the bus.,There goes the bell.,There remained only twenty eight dollars.,
