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1、宾语从句,在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。,一、引导词,1.that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略。例句：He said(that)Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。2.what,which,who,whose,whom等连接词 在从句中做一定成分，如主语、宾语、定语等。例句：I dont know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。He asked me whose the book was.他问我这是这的书。,3.when（表时间）,where（表地点）,why（表原因）,how（表方式）等连接副词
2、 在从句中做状语例句：Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪吗？Do you know how they found the place?你知道他们是怎么找到这个地方的吗？,4.if/whether 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略。例句：He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那时老师们在问我是否我曾经去过那里。,二、主句与从句时态一
3、致的问题,1.如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据情况而定。如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow.他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。,2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如：He told me that he would take part in th
4、e high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。,3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即便主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。如：He told me that the earth is round.(真理)他告诉我地球是圆的。,关于时态问题总结,1.主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时；2.主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需；3.具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时；,三、宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如：Whats Kates e-mail address?Do you know?=Do
5、 you know whats Kates e-mail address is?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址么？He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.（）He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.（）,四、宾语从句的连接词,1.当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。如：“She is a good girl,”the teacher told us.=The teacher told us(that)she was a good girl.注意！引导词that用于
6、下列情况时不可省略：（1）当宾语从句的主语是that时。如：He says that that is a useful book.他说那是一本有用的书。,（2）当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如：Im afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.我恐怕如果你丢了它，你必须赔偿。（3）当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如：He said(that)the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it ver
7、y much.他说这部电影非常有趣，并且他非常喜欢看。,2.含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时用whether或if连接，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。如：Are you from Japan?He ask me.=He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.他问我是不是来自日本。Do you like watching TV?He ask me.=He asked me if/whether I like watching TV.他问我是否喜欢看电视。,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词就用原来的疑问词，但一定要注意用陈述句语序。如：When did he le
8、ave for Japan?Could you tell me?=Could you tell me when he left for Japan?你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗？,五、否定转移,在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：I dont think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。,六、宾语从句的简化,1.当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,ch
9、oose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望收到你的电子邮件。,2.当宾语从句的主语和主句相同，且主语的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时，从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：She doesnt know what she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。,3.动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型要有适当的变化。通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语，seem（适当时态形式）作谓语。如：It seems that football is very interesting.=Football seems to be very interesting.足球似乎非常有趣。,4.宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如：I dont believe what Tom said.=I dont believe Toms words.我不相信汤姆说的话。,
