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1、Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries学案一INTRODUCTIONREADING AND VOCABULARYWordsagree，reduce，measure, while, educatePhrasesup to， make sure, make progress, make efforts Patterns1. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.2. The bottom ten countries are all Africancountries, with Si
2、erra Leone(in West Africa)at the bottom of the list. 3. water is now mostly safe to drink.8核心单词学点1. not many children have an educationup to 11 years old很少有孩子接受的教育达到11年归纳拓展达到，到达；高达be up to忙于；胜任；由决定Its up to sb.to do某人负责做up to now直到现在典型例句Its up to you!你说了算！The classroom can hold up to sixty students.
3、这个教室可容纳多达60个学生。What are you up to?你在干什么？针对练习（1）这个小男孩能够数到一千。The little boy can count_ _ a thousand. （2）我不能胜任这工作。I dont feel _ _ the task.（3）这事该由他做。_ _ _ him to do it.学点2. In the year 2000,147 world leadersagreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier.在2000年，147个国家的领导人同意共同努力争取在2015年或者更早
4、减少贫困。归纳拓展1.agree v.同意,赞成,承认,符合,一致agree with 同意（后面接“人”或者“意见”agree to do 同意干某事agree to sth (提议、计划、办法等) 同意某事agree on/upon sth 就达成共识agree with指“同意”，后面接“人”或者“意见”。agree with指“同意”，后面接“人”或者“意见”。agree with指“同意”，后面接“人”或者“意见”。agree with指“同意”，后面接“人”或者“意见”。典型例句Do you agree with me about the need for more schools
5、?关於多建一些学校一事，你同意我的意见吗？We agreed to leave at once.我们同意立即离开。He doesnt wholly agree to the plan. 他并不完全同意这项计划。针对练习（1）今天你同意一块吃饭吗？Do you _ _ have a dinner today? （2）关于日期什么时候见面，我们未能取得一致意见。We couldnt _ _ a date/when to meet. （3）He is hard to get along with if you dont _ _ him. 你如果不赞成他的意见就很难与他相处。归纳拓展2.reduce
6、v. 减少,缩小,使落魄,简化,还原reduce.to减至reduce.by.以幅度减少典型例句He is on a diet to reduce some weight. 他正在节食以减轻体重。He is reduced almost to a skeleton.他瘦得几乎变成了一个骨头架子。Well need to reduce the weight by half.我们得把重量减轻一半。针对练习（4）唯一的办法是减少开支。The only way is _ _ expenses.（5）他们沦落到得要饭。They_ _ _ begging. 学点3. The index measures
7、a countrys achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live),education and income.这个指数从寿命、教育和收入三个方面去衡量一个国家所取得的成就。归纳拓展measure vt.测定；测量；评估n.尺寸,措施take measures采取措施make.to ones measure按某人的尺寸做典型例句The room measures five meters across.这房间有5米宽。They took strong measures against drunk
8、 drivers.他们对于醉酒的驾驶员采取强硬的措施。The government has promised to take measures to help the unemployed.政府已答应采取措施来帮助失业者。针对练习（1）He _（测量）the length of the room. (2)The government should _ _（采取措施）to improve the living conditions of the poor.(3)The tailor made a suit _(按照)my measure.学点4. Norway is at the top of
9、the list, while the US is at number 7. 挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。归纳拓展while conj.当 . 的时候,虽然,尽管,然而.典型例句I lived in a hostel while I was a student. 我求学期间住在青年招待所里。While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在, 但我不同意说这些问题不能解决.In the game we get ten point while the medica
10、l school get only three. 比赛中我们得了十分，而医学院只得了三分。针对练习（1）我帮你拍照时站着不要动。Stand still _ I am taking your photograph. （2）尽管我愿意帮忙，但是没有多少时间。 _ I am willing to help, I dont have much time available.（3）Some people have naturally beautiful voice when others need to be trained.(改错)_学点5. make sure that all children h
11、ave education up to the age of 11. 确保所有儿童11岁之前都能接受教育.归纳拓展make sure of sth/ that确保,设法保证；查明，核实，弄清be sure of 确信be sure to do 一定做某事典型例句I tried to make sure of the problem.我想把这个问题弄明白。To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.为了确定他在家，我事先打电话给他。He was sure of Jacks innocence.他确信杰克是无辜的。针对练
12、习（1）切实要记下她说的每一个字。_ _ that you put down every word she says.（2）我要核实一下这班飞机的时间。Ill_ _ _ the time of the flight. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to _ there are no mistakes.A.look for B.make sure C.find out D.think about学点6. fight AIDS and other disease对抗艾滋病和其他疾病；归纳拓展fight n.战斗，
13、打架，斗志vt.打架，对抗vi.奋斗，斗争，争吵fight for 为而战斗fight with/against 与战斗fight （against）sth.（与）搏斗；（与）对抗典型例句They are fighting for liberation.他们正为解放 而斗争。They fought against (with) the enemy fiercely.他们猛烈地对敌作战。He fought (agaist) cancer and lived to eighty.他和癌症搏斗活到80岁针对练习（1）他常常为了噪音和邻居们争吵。He was always _ _ his neighb
14、ors about the noise.（2）那么,如果这些事发生在你身上,不要立刻放弃希望,而应该为你认为可以接受的方案而奋斗。So if this happens to you, do not give up hope immediately, but _ _ what you think that you can accept.（3）窗体顶端Jim found two large cocks _ in front of the house and he took a picture.A. fight B. fighting C. fought D. to fight学点7. Althou
15、gh more than 80% of children indeveloping countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated.尽管在发展中国家80%的孩子上小学，但是大约1.15亿的孩子正接受不到教育。归纳拓展1.am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词,是现在进行时的被动形式，表示现在正在进行的一个被动的动作，意为：正在被典型例句Money is being collected for the Hope Project.正在为希望工程筹钱。A new park
16、is being built in my hometown.我的家乡正在建一个新的公园。The famous ancient buildings in Suzhou are being repaired.苏州的那些著名的古建筑正被重修。针对练习（1）Some measures _to protect wildlife resources.A.are taking B.are takenC.are being taken D.being taken （2）He is writing his composition.(变为被动语态)_归纳拓展2.educate vt.& vi.教育；vt.教育，培
17、养,训练 educated adj.受过教育的,有教养的educator n.教育家receive a good education获得良好教育典型例句He is an educated person.他是个受过教育的人。It is not the way to educate a child by making him do things against his will.勉强他做事不是教育孩子的办法。针对练习（3）The public should be _（教育）in how to use energy more effectively.（4）The old man is an _(受过
18、教育的)gentleman.（5）She has had _ _ _（良好的教育）.学点8. The report shows that we are makingsome progress but that we need to make greater efforts.这些报告显示我们正取得进步，但是我们仍需作更大的努力。归纳拓展1.progress n.（不可数名词）进步,发展,前进make progress 取得进步典型例句Physics has made enormous progress in this century. 本世纪物理学的发展突飞猛进。 They made slow
19、progress towards the mountaintop. 他们向山顶缓慢地前进。针对练习（1）他学习上进步很快。He _ _ _ in his studies. （2）好好学习，天天向上。Study well and_ _ every day. 归纳拓展2.make efforts/make an effort努力spare no effort不遗余力，极力with effort尽力，努力without effort毫不费力典型例句Ill make every effort to help you.我会尽我的一切努力来帮助你。We should spare no effort to
20、beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。针对练习（3）He _ _ _（努力）to earn more money.（4）The government has （不遗余力）to help people whose homes were destroyed by the earthquake.典型句式学点1.From this agreement came the Human Development Report.【句式归纳】这是一个倒装句。表方位的介词短语/副词+谓语+主语（必须是名词）。【典型例句】There goes the bell.铃响了。I
21、n front of the house was a small garden.房子前面是一个小花园。【针对练习】鸟儿飞走了。Away _ _ _ .墙上挂着两张画。 On the wall _ _ _ .学点2. The bottom ten countries are all Africancountries, with Sierra Leone(in West Africa)at the bottom of the list.倒数的十个国家都来自非洲，塞拉利昂位居倒数第一。【句式归纳】with复合结构，即 with+宾语+宾语补足语。具体情况如下：1. with+名词/代词+形容词； 2
22、. with+名词/代词+副词； 3. with+名词/代词+介词短语； 4. with+名词/代词+动词不定式；(表示未干)5. with+名词/代词+现在分词；（表示主动或进行）6. with+名词/代词+过去分词（表示被动或完成）【典型例句】With a book in his hand, the teacher came into the room.老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。With the boy to lead the way, we will have no difficulty finding the park. 有这位小孩带路，我们找到公园不会有困难的。 With you
23、 standing there, I cant do my work. 你站在那里，我没法干活。 With all his homework done, he went back home. 所有作业做完，他回家了。【针对练习】（1）他背着一个书箱慢慢地走。 He walked slowly with_ _ _ _ _.（2）我过去习惯开着窗子睡觉。 I used to sleep with _ _ _ . (3) The stranger is standing there with his eyes looking at me.(英译汉) (4) _ the prices of daily
24、 goods_ ,people cant afford to buy expensive things.A. As; going up B. Before; go upC. With; going up D. After; going up学点3 . However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.当然在世界的其他地方，例如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。【句式归纳】sth. + be + adj +to do, 表示某事物具有某种性质或特点，其中的动词
25、不定式以主动表被动。【典型例句】The room is comfortable to live in.这个房间住起来很舒服。The box is very easy to carry.这个箱子很 容易搬动。难点突破突破1.The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们必须做出更大的努力。【句子分析】这是一个复合句，谓语shows后面跟了两个由_引导的_ 从句，这两个从句有连词_连接。注意当that引导的两个以上的宾语从句并列时，
26、最后一个从句的引导词that不能省略。突破2 Although developed countries give some financial help , they need to give much more.虽然发达国家提供了一些经济援助，但是他们需要提供更多。【句子分析】前面是although引导一个_从句，后面是主句。注意英语中“虽然although/though” 不能和但是（but）”同时连用，两者只能用其一。学案2 GRAMMARVOCABULARY AND SPEAKING一 核心词汇学点1.You are collecting money for a charity tha
27、t gives money to developing countries.你正在为一个向发展中国家提供资金的慈善机构募捐。归纳拓展collect /raise money 集资，募捐典型例句They collected money to help needy children.他们集资帮助贫穷的孩子。We began this club as a way of raising money.我们办这个俱乐部作为集资的一种途径。We began this club as a way of raising money.我们办这个俱乐部作为集资的一种途径。We began this club as
28、a way of raising money.我们办这个俱乐部作为集资的一种途径。We began this club as a way of raising money.我们办这个俱乐部作为集资的一种途径。针对练习（1）我们在为贫困儿童募捐。We _ _ _for children in need. （2）We are working in association with a number of local companies to _ _ _ the homeless.我们与本地一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。学点2. Explain to Student B why he / she
29、should give money.向学生B解释他/她为什么应该捐钱。归纳拓展explain v.说明,解释 n. explanationexplain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事典型例句He go to great pain to explain the problem to us. 他费了很大劲向我们解释那个问题。Can you explain the meaning of these foreign words? 你能解释这些外文词的意思吗？针对练习（1）请向我说明从哪里开始以及怎样做。Please _ _ _ where to begin and how to do it.
30、 （2）让我解释迟到的理由。Let me _ why I was late. 学点3. Though I need money for myself, Im still willing to help. 尽管我自己也需要钱,但是我愿意帮忙。归纳拓展willing adj.愿意的;自愿的 unwilling adj.不愿意的be willing(to do sth.)愿意干典型例句The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足。Are you willing to help? 你愿意帮忙吗？针对练习（1） 如果你愿意卖的话，我想买你的房子
31、。Id like to buy your house if you _ _ _ sell it.（2）成功的人都是那些肯努力的人。Successful are those who _ _ _ take pains. 学点4. Which word is connected with building.哪个单词与建筑物有关？归纳拓展connect v.连接,接通,联系be connected with与 . 有关, 与 . 相连典型例句The lake and the canal are connected by a river.这个湖与运河之间由一条小河相连。The lake and the
32、canal are connected by a river.这个湖与运河之间由一条小河相连。The lake and the canal are connected by a river.这个湖与运河之间由一条小河相连。The lake and the canal are connected by a river.这个湖与运河之间由一条小河相连。The lake and the canal are connected by a river.这个湖与运河之间由一条小河相连。The lake and the canal are connected by a river.这个湖与运河之间由一条小河
33、相连。The lake and the canal are connected by a river.这个湖与运河之间由一条小河相连。She was connected with the crime.她被认为与犯罪事件有关。针对练习（1）英国给我的最初印象和食物有关。My first impressions of England _ _ _ food.（2）你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？Will you _ this wire to the television?学点5. Beijing doesnt have as many freeways as Sydney does.北京没有悉尼那么多
34、的高速公路。Beijing doesnt have as much pollution as Sydney.北京的人口不如悉尼的人口多。归纳拓展as manyas “和一样多,有之多”(修饰可数名词)。as muchas 和一样多,有之多 (修饰不可数名词) 典型例句He has learned as many English words as his brother has.他已学了和他哥哥同样多的英文单词。She spread as much butter on her bread as Jane usually does.她在面包上涂的黄油与珍通常涂的一样多针对练习（1）He has c
35、ollected more than three times _ _ _ _ I (have).他收集的邮票是我的三倍还不止。（2）I dont have _ _ _ you .我的家庭作业没有你的多。二 语法语法知识树 同等关系 转折关系 并列连词 选择关系连词 因果关系 从属连词语法讲解. 什么是连词？连词是一种虚词，用于连接_、_ 或_，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词根据其在句中的功能可以分为 _ 连词和_ 连词。并列连词：用来连接属于同一层次并具有同等句法功能的词、词组或分句。如and, but, or, for等。如：She tried hard but she was unsuc
36、cessful. 她努力了，但没有成功。Come either today or tomorrow. 今天或明天来。从属连词：主要引出_从句和_从句。例如:I will come if you want me.如果你让我来我就来。Take the medicine before you go to bed. 觉前服药。. 连词的用法:表示转折关系的并列连词: but, however;引导让步状语从句的从属连词: while, although。1.but的用法but可以连接两个并列的分句，意为“但是，可是”。表示下列意义：表示意义转折。如：I was going to write you a
37、 letter, _ I lost your address.我想给你写信，但是我弄丢了你的地址。表示对比或对照。如：He scarcely knows French, _ he speaks English perfectly.他几乎不懂法语，但是英语说得很棒。在表示歉意的词后，引起句子，可不译出。如：Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the library?打扰一下，您能告诉我去图书馆的路吗？Im sorry,_ I cant offer a holiday this summer.很抱歉，今年夏天我没有时间休假了。2. however的用
38、法 表示“然而，不过，但是”，可用在句首、句中和句末。He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.他感觉不舒服。但他仍然去上班，并且努力集中精神工作。We thought the figures were correct ._ ,we have now discovered some errors.我们原以为这些数据正确。不过现在我们发现了一些错误。用作连接副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意为“不管怎样，无论如何”。However rich people are, the
39、y are always anxious to get more money.无论人们多富有，他们总是渴望挣到更多的钱。_ _ he thinks, he cant work out the puzzle.无论怎样苦思冥想，他都做不出这道难题。3. although的用法although意为“尽管，虽然”，用作从属连词引导让步状语从句时，与though语意相同，但although语气更强。although引导的从句不能与并列连词but,and,so等连用。如：Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.尽管这本书很旧，我们还是决定买。Ther
40、e is air all around us, _ we cannot see it.虽然我们看不见空气，它却存在于我们的周围。4. while的用法引导时间状语从句。如：_ she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.她听着收音机睡着了。引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”（多位于句首）。如：_ he loves his students, he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。如：_there is life there is hope.只要活着，就有
41、希望。用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表对比。如：Some people waste food _ others havent enough.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。学案三WRITINGTASK知识框图WordsSimilar, share, exchange,Phrasesclose to, as a result, such asPatternsHow do you find it？核心词汇学点1. How are Oxford in the UK and Grenoblein France similar?英国的剑桥和法国的格雷诺布尔有什么相似之处？归纳拓展similar a
42、dj.类似的，相似的，同样的be similar to与相似be similar in在方面类似典型例句The way I learn is similar to his.我的学习方式和他的有许多相似之处。The twin sisters are similar in appearance, but not in personality.这对双胞胎姐妹在相貌上相似，但在性格上不一样。针对练习（1）汉语和日语在写法上有相似的地方。Chinese _ _ Japanese in writing.（2）Your new cellphone is _ the one I lost last week.
43、A. similar to B. same toC. similar as D. similar with学点2. Tourism is important to both of them, andthey are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region.旅游业对它们两个都很重要，在地域上，它们离最美的乡村景区很近。归纳拓展be close to靠近；接近注意：to是介词，后跟名词或动名词stand close to靠近站着；接近，几乎典型例句Our school is close to the river.我们学校靠近那条河流。The children are close to each other in age.孩子们彼此的年龄很接近。 针对练习（1）I live _ _the shops.我住得离商店很近。 （2）她说的情况非常接近事实。What she said was very_ _ _ . （3）He came _his temper at the bad news.Aclose to loseB.close to losingC.closely to lose
