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1、散文翻译 2：落花生,作者：许地山,许地山（18931941），现代作家、学者。名赞堃，字地山，笔名落花生。祖籍广东揭阳，生于台湾台南一个爱国志士的家庭。回大陆后落籍福建龙溪。1910年中学毕业后曾任师范、中学教员。1917年考入燕京大学文学院，1920年毕业留校任教。期间与翟秋白、郑振铎等人联合主办新社会旬刊，积极宣传革命。“五四”前后从事文学活动，1921年1月，他和沈雁冰、叶圣陶、郑振铎等12人，在北平发起成立文学研究会，创办小说月报。1922年往美国入纽约哥伦比亚大学研究院哲学系，研究宗教史和宗教比较学，获文学硕士学位。后转入英国牛津大学曼斯菲尔学院研究宗教学、印度哲学、梵文、人类学、
2、民俗学等。1927年回国在燕京大学文学院和宗教学院任副教授、教授，同时致力于文学创作。,许地山一生创作的文学作品多以闽、台、粤和东南亚、印度为背景，主要著作有空山灵雨、缀网劳蛛、危巢坠筒、道学史、达衷集、印度文学；译著有二十夜问、太阳底下降、孟加拉民间故事等。,落花生,我们屋后有半亩隙地。母亲说：“让它荒芜着怪可惜，既然你们那么爱吃花生，就辟来做花生园罢。”我们几姐弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢买种的买种，动土的动土，灌园的灌园；过不了几个月，居然收获了!妈妈说：“今晚我们可以做一个收获节，也请你们爹爹来尝尝我们的新花生，如何？”我们都答应了。母亲把花生做成好几样的食品，还吩咐这节期要在园里的茅亭举行
3、。,那晚上的天色不太好，可是爹爹也到来，实在很难得！爹爹说：“你们爱吃花生么？”我们都争着答应：“爱！”“谁能把花生的好处说出来？”姐姐说：“花生的气味很美。”哥哥说：“花生可以制油。”我说：“无论何等人都可以用贱价买他来吃；都喜欢吃他。这就是他的好处。”,爹爹说：“花生的用处固然很多；但有一样是很可贵的。这小小的豆不像那好看的苹果、桃子、石榴，把它们的果实悬在枝上，鲜红嫩绿的颜色，令人一望而发生羡慕之心。他只把果子埋在地底，等到成熟，才容人把他挖出来。你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上，不能立刻辨出他有没有果实，非得等到你接触他才能知道。”,我们都说：“是的。”母亲也点点头。爹爹接下去说：“
4、所以你们要像花生，因为它是有用的，不是伟大、好看的东西。”我说：“那么，人要做有用的人，不要做伟大、体面的人了。”爹爹说：“这是我对于你们的希望。”我们谈到夜阑才散，所有花生食品虽然没有了，然而父亲的话现在还印在我心版上。,语体特征：,1.篇章：落花生是作者回忆自己童年时代的一个小片段。通过父母与孩子们的对话、作者借父亲之口以花生的平凡而有用作为类比，隐含做人的道理。2.句式：对话构成了语篇的主体，所以句式简洁，以简单句和并列句为主。2.语义：原文口语化倾向突出，语言普通，多为日常词汇；个别词语（比如“爹爹”）具有早期方言色彩；与助词“的”语义功能相同的“底”（de）的使用，使语篇流露出早期现
5、代汉语风格。,译文说明：,译文1为张培基译，选自张培基译注英译当代中国散文选（汉英对照），上海外语教育出版社，1999年。译文2为刘士聪译，选自乔萍等编著散文佳作108篇，译林出版社，1999年。,张培基教授：男，1921年生，福建省福州市人。1945年毕业于上海圣约翰大学英文系。同年任上海自由西报英文记者、中国评论周报（英文）特约撰稿人。翌年赴日本东京远东国际军事法庭任英文翻译，约两载半，随后赴美学习，1949年于美国印地安纳大学英国文学系肄业后回国。历任北京外文出版社编辑、中国人民解放军外国语学院教授、北京对外经贸大学教授。中国译协第一、三届理事，现任英语世界杂志顾问。,刘士聪教授:南开大
6、学外语学院博士生导师，多年从事文学作品汉英翻译的教学与实践，以及以语言和文本为基础的文学翻译研究。主要著作：汉英英汉美文翻译与鉴赏，在这本书里，他提出文学作品 的翻译是语言艺术，其最高境 界是再现原文韵味的思想。“韵味”主要体现在语言的“声响与节奏”、“意境与氛围”和“个性化的话语与方式”三个方面。,1.落花生 张培基（下称“张”）译：Peanuts刘士聪（下称“刘”）译：The Peanut,2.我们屋后有半亩隙地。张：Behind our house there lay half a mu of vacant land.刘：At the back of our house there wa
7、s half a mu of vacant land.改译：Behind our house lay a patch of vacant land.Or:There was a small piece of vacant land behind our house.,解析：将“半亩”译为“half a mu”不如将其虚化为“a small piece”.mu这个词虽说已存在于英语词汇中，但是英美的很多词典并没有收入，比如Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English及The American Heritage Dictionary.在翻译“亩”时，常用的方
8、法是转化为公顷(hectare)。,3.母亲说：“让它荒芜着怪可惜，既然你们那么爱吃花生就辟来做花生园罢。”张：Mother said,“Its a pity to let it lie waste.Since you all like to eat peanuts so much,why not have them planted here.”刘：“Its a pity to let it go to waste like that,”Mother said,“Since you all enjoy eating peanuts,let us open it up and make it a
9、 peanut garden.”试译：Mother said,“It is a kind of waste to leave it untilled.Since you like peanuts so much,why not till it and plant some peanuts?”,4.我们几姐弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢 买种的买种，动土的动土，灌园的灌园，过不了几个月，居然收获了！张：That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well,and soon we started buying seeds,ploughing
10、the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!刘：At that my brother,sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids.Some went to buy seeds,some dug the ground and others watered it and,in a couple of months,we had a harvest.,解析：因为许地山生于18
11、93年，由此推来“小丫头”应该是“小丫环”。比较：maidservants.“动土”：Plough:to break up or turn over(land)with a plough(Longman)以犁耕地Dig:to break up or move(earth)挖/掘（土）；译为：dig up the land/plot本段最后一句，张先生译文“a good harvest”意指“丰收”，与原文的”收获”有些出入。将“居然”译为actually相对较好。,5.妈妈说：“今晚我们可以做一个收获节，也请你们爹爹来尝尝我们底新花生，如何？”我们都答应了。张：Mother said,“How
12、 about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and invite your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?”刘：“Let us have a party tonight to celebrate,”Mother suggested,“and ask Dad to come for a taste of our fresh peanuts.What do you say?”We all agreed,of course.,解析：1)将“如何？”处
13、理为“How about”要比采用反义疑问句好。2)“收获节”译为party 则不是太好，因为party指社交聚会，一般有家庭之外的成员参与。试比较：feast;festivalMother said,“We will have a feast on peanuts tonight to celebrate our harvest,and invite your dad to have a taste of our new peanuts,wont we?”We all agreed.,6.母亲把花生做成好几样的食品，还吩咐这节要在园里底茅亭举行。张：Mother made quite a f
14、ew varieties of goodies out of the peanuts,and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot.刘：Mother cooked the peanuts in different styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration.解析：“花生做成好几样的食品”译为“goodies out of the peanuts”不如
15、“groundnut-based dishes”。goodies为一非正式用语,如果翻译过来，“好吃的东西”似乎比“食品”更为等效，且goodies多指甜食。,7.那晚上底天色不好，可是爹爹也到来，实在很难得！爹爹说：“你们爱吃花生么？”张：It looked like rain that evening,yet,to our great joy,Father came nevertheless.“Do you like peanuts?”asked Father.刘：The weather was not very good that night but,to our great delig
16、ht,Dad came all the same.“Do you like peanuts?”Dad asked.解析：1）“天色不好”译为“It looked like rain”，属于意译；“It was a gloomy night”可以说是直译。2）在译“实在很难得”时,的确费了不少思量。译为“great joy”则没有将原句的语气完全表达出来。3)张先生将“爹爹”全译为Father.通读原文，读者会发现,原文除最后一句话中使用了“父亲”一词外，其余均为“爹爹”。,8.我们都争着答应：“爱！”张：“Yes,we do!”We vied in giving the answer.刘：“Y
17、es!”we all answered eagerly.解析：“vie”一词很正式，指to compete(against someone)(for something)(Longman)。“vie”的搭配有5种：Vie with sb for sth;vie with sb in doing sth;Vie with sb to do sth;vie with sb;Vie for sth.,因此，张的译文 vied in giving the answer 是一种搭配误用，建议译文 改为：vied with each other in giving the answer.vied with
18、 each other to give the answer.vied for the answer.,9.“谁能把花生底好处说出来？”张：“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?”刘：“But who can tell me what the peanut is good for?解析：看到“the good things in peanuts”,读者首先想到的是fat，protein等成分，而不是花生的优点。,10.姊姊说：“花生的气味很美。”张：“Peanuts taste good,”said my elder siste
19、r.刘：“It is very delicious to eat,”my sister took the lead.解析：乍一看，taste good为误译，其实不然。想一想，没有加工过的花生气味能美到哪里去。另外，既然“sister”可以译为“姊姊”，为什么“姊姊”只能译为“elder sister”?,10.哥哥说：“花生可以制油。”张：“Peanuts produce edible oil,”said my elder brother.刘：“It is good for making cooking oil,”my brother followed.解析：“Peanuts produce
20、 edible oil”不如将其改作：“Peanuts can be used to produce edible oil.”“Peanuts yield edible oil.”“They can be made into oil.”,11.我说：“无论何等人都可以用贱价买它来吃；都喜欢吃它，这就是它底好处。”张：“Peanuts are so cheap,”said I,“that anyone can afford to eat them.Peanuts are everyones favorite.Thats why we call peanuts good.”刘：“It is ine
21、xpensive,”I said,“Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it.I think this is what it is good for.”解析：将“都喜欢吃它”译为“everyones favorite”应属于误译。另外，张先生将文章中的三个“说”全译为said有些欠当。,12.爹爹说：“花生底用处固然很多；但有一样是很可贵的。张：“Its true that peanuts have many uses,”said Father,“but theyre most beloved in one resp
22、ect.刘：“Peanuts is good for many things,”Dad said,“but there is one thing that is particularly good about it.,13.这小小的豆不像那好看的苹果、桃子、石榴，把它们底果实悬在枝上，鲜红嫩绿 的颜色，令人一望而发生羡慕的心。它只把果子埋在地底，等到成熟，才容人把它挖出来。张：Unlike nice-looking apples,peaches and pomegranates,which hang their fruit on branches and win peoples instant
23、 admiration with their brilliant colors,tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain unearthed until theyre ripe.,刘：Unlike apples,peaches or pomegranates that display their fruits up in the air,attracting you with their beautiful colors,peanuts buries its fruit in the earth.It does not
24、 show itself until you dig it out when it is ripe and,Yet,it has one valuable quality.This small nut is not like those good-looking apples,peaches and pomegranates,which hang their colorful fruits on the branches and invite admiration.It buries its fruit under the ground,and lets itself be dug out o
25、nly when it is ripe.解析：将“令人一望而发生羡慕的心”译为invite admiration(招摇)，虽意义有些出入，但因其简洁，仍愿保留。“等到成熟，才容人把它挖出来”张先生的译文要好得多。,13.你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触它才能知道。”张：When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground,you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you touch
26、 them.”刘：unless you dig out,you cant tell whether it bears fruit or not just by its frail stems above ground.”比较：If you happen to see a peanut plant crouching there,you cannot decide at once whether it has fruit or not.You can only know this by getting into touch with it.”,14.我们都说：“是的。”母亲也点点头。爹爹接下去说
27、：“所以你们要像花生因为它是可用的，不是伟大、好看的东西。”张：“Thats true,”we said in unison.Mother also nodded.“So you must take after peanuts,”Father continued,“because theyre useful though not great and nice-looking.”刘：“Thats true,”we all said and Mother nodded her assent.“So you should try to be like the peanut,”Dad went on,
28、“because it is useful,though not great or attractive.”,解析：1）“in unison”意指in complete agreement,在程度上有些过了。2）“take after”意指resemble somebody;而原文“要像花生”指向花生学习。故不当。建议修改为：“我们都说”We all agreed.“爹爹接下去说”Daddy went on.“爹爹说”Daddy concluded.,15.我说：“那么，人要做有用的人，不要做伟大、体面的人了。”爹爹说：“这是我对于你们底希望。”张：“Then you mean one sho
29、uld be useful rather than great and nice-looking,”I said.“Thats what I expect of you,”Father concluded.刘：“Do you mean,”I asked,“we should learn to be useful but not seek to be great or attractive?”“Yes,”Dad said.“This is what I wish you to be.”,16.我们谈到夜阑才散，所有花生食品虽然没有了，然而父亲的话现在还印在我心版上。张：We kept chatt
30、ing until the party broke up late at night.Today,though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts,Fathers words remain engraved in my mind.刘：We stayed up late that night,eating all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us.But Fathers words remained vivid in my memory till this day.,解析：Longman:The terrible memory was engraved on his mind/in his memory.Mind:keep/bear something in mind=not to forget somethingOn ones mind:trouble ones thoughts;causing anxiety,unhappiness,etc 担心建议修改为：my fathers words still remain engraved in my memory.,
