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1、,简单句基本句型,Basic Sentence Patterns,英语句子有长有短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）,1.主语+系动词+表语（S+Link.V+P）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语特征、类属
2、、状态、身份的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,最常见的是be动词，be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。,其 它系 动词,状态：seem,appear,prove-感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look-变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow-持续：remain,stay,keep,continue-,beautiful,surprised,to,are,seems,went,Correct mistakes:1.Her voice sounds beautifully.2.The
3、whole company was surprising at the news.3.To see is believe.4.It seem like a good idea.5.The lights still on.6.All the potatoes changed bad.7.Jim was remained a worker.,巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少保持安静。4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fif
4、teen,he became a famous pianist.,Children seldom keep quiet.,Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.,5他失业了。6树叶已经变黄了7这个报告听起来很有意思,He is out of work.,The leaves have turned yellow.,The report sounds interesting,1.As in China,the weather is different from area to area.,主系表句型的几个特例：,2.We are
5、 greatly surprised to meet him there.,3.It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.,4.It is kind of you to say so.,5.It is not easy for them to go there by bike.,6.Is it Tom who is playing the piano?,7.It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.,2.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi.),Our school lies in t
6、he center of Jinshi.,注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。,The car accident was happened yesterday.,The red sun rises.The large room on the second floor is Marys.,2.The red sun rises in the east.The manager had already left when I telephoned.,主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语,本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。,如：The sun rises.,翻译练习：,1.
7、你应当努力学习。2.她昨天回家很晚。3.那天早上我们谈了很多。4.会议将持续两个小时。5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,You should study hard.,She went home very late yesterday evening.,That morning we talked a great deal.,The meeting will last two hours.,Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,3.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O）,I li
8、ke my job very much.What do you want to be in the future?Each of you has a dream.,注：及物动词可用于被动语态,A great deal of water is used by people in that city.,People use a great deal of water in that city.（主动语态）,主谓宾结构 2 S十V十O句式2,此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。,1.含有away,out,forward,up 等副词的动词词组是可拆
9、分的。如，,They carried out the plan successfully.,（或They carried the plan out successfully.,但：As the plan was practical,they carried it out successfully.,动副词组都可以这样用，如，point out（指出）,carry out（执行）,put forward（提出）,work out（做出，算出）,find out（找出）,give up（放弃）,give away（赠送，分发）,pick up（拣起）,put up（挂上）,等。,2.而含有介词 a
10、t,for,from,into,of,with,to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。,如，look after（照顾）,look at（瞧）,look for（寻找）,belong to（属于）,refer to（参考，提及）,think of（考虑，评价）,send for（派人去请）,care for（喜欢）,suffer from（受之苦）,deal with(对付，应付),object to（反对）,pay for（付的钱）,等。,即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of.,3.in 在动词词组中用作副词，表示“在里面”，“往里进”，“在家”等意思。,如，get i
11、n(收割),hand in（提交，交进）。,用作介词，表示“在地点”，“在范围”，“在方面”。,如，persist in(坚持)，succeed in(在成功)。,4.Off在动词词组中 用作副词，表示“关闭”，“隔离，离开”，“去掉”，等意思。,如，turn off（关掉）,switch off（关掉）,ring off（挂断电话）,keep off（远离）,take off(脱掉）,kick off（踢脱）,carry off（运走）,put off（推迟）,pay off（付清）,give off（放出).,用作介词，表示“从下来”。,如，get off（下车）,fall off（从掉下
12、来）.,5.On 在动词词组中用作副词，表示“开”，“走开”，“传递”，“穿戴”。,如，turn on(开),move on（走开）,pass on（传递）,put on（穿上）,have on（穿着）.,1.表示“在上”，“在方面”。,如，work on（从事于）,operate on（在上动手术）,agree on（同意）。,2.表示“上车，上船，上”,如,get on（上车，上船）,ride on（骑上）。,3.表示“依靠”，“以为基础”，“按照”，,如，depend on（依靠）,base on（以为基础）,feed on（以为食）,live on（以为生计）.,用作介词,6.Over
13、在动词词组中用作副词，1）表示“翻转”，“翻倒”，,如，turn over（打翻，翻倒）,push over（推倒）.,2）表示“过一遍”，“仔细”，“遍及”，,如，think over（仔细考虑）,look over（仔细查看，研究）.,用作介词，1）表示“从上越过”，,如，fly over（从上飞过）,jump over（从上跳过）.go over(越过，横过)。,2）表示“为了”，“由于”，,如，quarrel over（为争吵）,cry over（因哭泣）.,3）表示“查看”，“复习”，“检查”，,go over,附：许多由及物动词+名词+介词构成的三词动词词组也要跟宾语，如：,pay
14、 attention to（注意）,catch hold of（抓住，握住）,catch sight of（看见，发现）,do harm to（对有害）,get rid of（排除，除去）,make fun of（取笑，嘲笑）,put(ones)heart into（专心于）,say hello to（打招呼）,sing praise for（赞扬，表扬）,take care of（照顾）,take part in（参加）,take pride in（以自豪，骄傲）。,1.Is this raincoat yours?No,mine_ there behind the door.is hang
15、ing B.is hung C.hangs D.was hung,Exercises:,2._ your head,and youll see the sun_ now.Raise;rising Raise;raising C.To raise,rising D.Lift;being risen,3.More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005年上海）A.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sent,4.The heros stor
16、y_ differently in the newspaper.（2005年全国I、II）A.was reported B.was reporting C.Reports D.reported,翻译练习：1.我不信任那个人。2.他指出了我的作文中的错误。3.圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。4.你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。,I dont believe in(介)that man.,He pointed out（副）the mistakes in my composition.,On Christmas Day,we will call on（介）our foreign teachers.,You
17、 must hand in（副）your exercise-books after class.,4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+Oi+Od),Who can find the eraser for me?,Pass the eraser to me.,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,sing,save等。,常跟双宾语的动词：,Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the er
18、aser.,翻译练习：Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。,Mr Johnson taught us German last year.,Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the ticket to the conductor.
19、,We saw him jump into the box.,We saw them dancing.,We saw him knocked down.,5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+C),注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。,Exercises:,Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth.（2004年天津）A.run B.running C.being run D.to run,2.You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve h
20、ad it_ often enough.（2005年天津）A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained,3.My daughter encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills.（2004年北京）A.for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take,4.Is Bob still performing?Im afraid not.He is said_ the stage already as he has becom
21、e an official.（2005年江苏）A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left,翻译练习1.我们叫她Alice.2.他的父母给他取名为John.3.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。4.他们把门推开了。5.他们把小偷释放了。6.我们要使学校变得更美丽。,We call her Alice.,His parents named him John.,All of us considered him honest.,They pushed the door open.,They have set the thief free.,We will make our school more beautiful.,Summary,Consolidation:Choose a topic and write a short passage:1.My Hometown 2.My Family 3.My School Life,
