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1、Unit 3 Life in the future,基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出单词。1._ krid n.四轮马车,车厢2._ praivit a.私人的 n.士兵3._ impren n.印象4._ rimaind v.提醒 vt.提醒5._ pri:vjs a.在.之前,以前的6._ lk n.缺乏,v.缺乏,不足7._ bend v.弯曲,屈服8._ pres n.新闻界,压力 v.按,压9._ swift a.快的ad.快速地10._m:st n.主人a.主人的v.征服,master,carriage,private,impression,remind,pre
2、vious,lack,bend,press,swift,11._ sait n.景观,眼界 v.看见12._ le n.长度13._ sist n.帮助,协助 v.协助14._ rikwai v.需要,要求15._ setlmnt n.解决,殖民(地),居留地16._ lukein n.地点,位置17._ knstnt a.经常的n.常数18._ sraundi a.周围的 n.环境19._ ikstr:dinri a.非常的,特别的20._ swit n.开关,转换 v.转变,摆动,switch,sight,length,assist,require,settlement,location,
3、constant,surrounding,extraordinary,二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Due to an unexpected emergency,we had to_(length)our stay in Beijing by three days.2.How exciting it is to work in a space station which is divided into zones with _(extraordinary)different atmospheres and gravitie
4、s!3.These hovering carriages float above the ground and by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly one can move_(swift).,lengthen,extraordinarily,swiftly,4.As is well known,the key to protecting the wildlife is to protect the natural _(surround)in which they live.5.I have to_(constan
5、t)rub my eyes to remind myself that I have traveled to the year AD 3005.6.The hotel reminded me_ the one where we stayed last winter.7.The new teacher made good impression _the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.,surroundings,constantly,of,on,8.I think father would like to know _Ive be
6、en up to so far,so I decide to send him a quick note.9.Having recovered from the terrible car accident with the devoted care of the nurse,she is_(bend)on returning to work as soon as possible.10.With all gifts_(wrap)beautifully and_(place)under the Christmas tree,Mother and father smiled with satisf
7、action at each other.,what,bent,placed,wrapped,三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Our car broke down half way down the highway,but thanks to the_(assist)of an unknown truck driver we were not delayed too long.2.The path becomes very_(mud)on rainy days and makes it difficult for people to go in or out.3.The com
8、pany is under increasing _(press)to improve pay and working conditions.,assistance,muddy,pressure,4.A strike was called because labor and management could not agree upon a_(settle).5.Believing that I met the_(require)listed in the advertisement,I wrote a letter to apply for an interview.6.With eight
9、 students living in one small dormitory room,you dont have too much _(private).7.Youll have direct access to all available hotels,including detailed descriptions;photos and _(locate)information.,settlement,requirements,privacy,location,8.You may want to say what _(impress)the book left you with,or e
10、mphasize what you want your reader to know about it.9.A Bluetooth wireless connection for an MP3 headset（头戴式耳机）is very _(believe).10.People around him are usually infected by his_(optimistic).,impression,believable,optimism,四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1._占据（空间、时间）；从事2._看不见3._给某人留下好印象4._朝各个方向5._结果；由于6._横扫
11、，掠过；扫掉7._加速8._遭受9._ 瞥见,catch sight of,take up,lose sight of,make a good impression on sb.,in all directions,as a result(of),sweep up/away,speed up,suffer from,10.get back on ones feet_11.assist sb.in doing sth._12.remind sb.of sth._13.under repair_14.have an opportunity to do sth._15.in no time_,完全恢
12、复，振作起来,帮助某人做某事,使某人想起,在维修中,有机会做某事,立刻，马上,五、词组运用 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。1.The flight,intended to have arrived at 8 oclock,was delayed for two hours _ fog.2.It took him 3 years to_after his mothers death,during which time he did nothing but work and bury himself in his memories of her.3.The
13、story _me _my own childhood when I had to_ a number of odd jobs to_ my mother_ keeping the whole family together.Luckily,with the financial support of a distant relative,I finally_ to enter a teachers college and later found a job in a primary school.,had an opportunity,as a result of,get back on on
14、es feet,reminded,of,take up,assist,in,4.His calmness and wisdom_ _his teammates so they chose him to be the team leader.5.The child _his mother in the supper market,worried,crying bitterly.6.Please dont rush me again and again;Ill finish it_.7.As the Spring Festival was drawing near,the factory_ pro
15、duction,requiring all the workers to work overtime,in the hope of fulfilling the orders before the holiday.,sped up,made a good impression on,lost sight of,in no time,8.I got lost when we reached what looked like a large market because of the people flying by_.9.With a sigh,she bent down,picked up t
16、he toys on the floor,and then _all the rubbish.10.Traffic will be diverted while the road is_.,under repair,in all directions,swept up,Language Data Bank,First impressions.,第一印象.,impressions:n.c 印象;感想 impress vt.我对他的印象很好.,I had a very good impression of him.,give sb.a favourable impressionmake an im
17、pression on sb.,给某人以好印象给某人留下印象这演说给我们留下了深刻的印象.,The speech made a strong impression on us.,The teacher impressed us with his sense of humour.,I still cannot believe that I am taking up.,(1)接受(建议或挑战),(2)对.产生兴趣Tom has taken up pottery(陶艺).,(3)开始从事,开始承担,(4)着手处理,着手进行,(5)占去(时间或空间),He took up challenge with
18、 courage.,He decided to photograph as his career.,Im going to take this matter up with my lawyer.,Writing the paper took up most of the weekend.,take offtake ontake outtake over take downtake intake hold of take sth by surprisetake sth for sth take back,脱下,起飞,成功,雇佣,呈现,接受,拿出,去掉,扣除,接管,接任,占据,取下,记下,拆卸,接
19、纳,吸收;领会,理解;欺骗,I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008,(1)constantly adv.经常地，反复地 constant adj.经常的，不变的，忠贞的老人的手不停的颤抖.,The old mans hands shook constantly.,He is constantly disturbing me.,I am Jays constant fan and supporter.,He has been constant in his scientific research.,(2)rem
20、ind vt.使记住,提醒;使想起;使记起,使某人想起某人/某事提醒某人做某事提醒某人.,请提醒他迟些吃药这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切.,Please remind him to take this medicine later.,The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.,He ed me that I hadnt written to Mother.,remind sb.of sb./sth.remind sb.to do sth.remind sb.that/what/how,As a result,I suffered
21、 from“time lag”.,(1)as a result 因此,结果as a result ofresult fromresult in,由于起因于导致(=lead to),天下雪,因此她迟到了.,It snowed,as a result,she was late.,(2)suffer from患(病)因.受困扰她为贫困所扰.,She suffers from poverty.,She suffers from headache,This is similar to the“jet lag”you get from flying,but it seems you keep gettin
22、g flashbacks from your previous time period.这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似，所不同的是，在你的脑子里似乎不断地闪现以前的时光。,flashback 闪回；倒叙。,The events in his happy family life were shown in flashback.他幸福的家庭生活是用倒叙法来表现的。,“jet lag”喷气机飞行时差综合症。,tolerate 容忍，忍受.,(2)surroundings专指自然环境,从周围的事物这一客体着眼.用复数.environment可指自然环境,也可指精神环境,均从环境对人的感受,道德观念
23、的影响着眼.用单数.,eg:The boy grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment.,At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.,We simply cannot tolerate cheating in exams.我们就是不能容许考试作弊行为,(3)lack n.缺乏,不足,没有,他擅长于自己的工作,但似乎缺乏信心.,He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence
24、.,I havent finished the painting for _ of time.A.lack B.short C.need D.want,A,short of 是形容词短语.,They ed the money to send him to university.,v.缺乏,不足,没有,I s words with which to express my thanks.,Hit by a lack of fresh air,my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。,lack for lack of be lacking in have no lack of,He
25、 lacks courage=He is lacking in courage.,The plants died for lack of water.,They lacked for nothing,but money.,ache vi.&n.疼痛爬山以后,他全身疼痛.我的背有点疼.,After climbing the mountain,he ached all over.,I have a bit of an ache in my back.,辨析:,ache 指较轻微,局部的持续疼痛;pain 泛指各种程度的疼痛,并常用来指精神上的痛苦.,My body is all aches and
26、 pains.,I felt better in no time.,in no time at no time,他们马上就回来.,They will be back in no time.,at once not at all,all the time at all timesat times for a time for the time beingat a time at one time,一直随时,永远有时暂且,短时间内暂且依次,逐一,每次从前,Soon I was back on my feet again,be back on ones feet 东山再起,Im back on my
27、 feet.我已经好了（痊愈了）。He cant wait to get back on his feet.他实在按耐不住了，想重振旗鼓。Is she back on her feet?她好了吗？,These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat,you can move swiftly.,(1)by doing 常表方式,方法或手段.她靠卖报纸挣钱.,She earned money by selling newspapers.,(2)bend使弯曲,屈身,她弯下腰捡起一块石
28、头,She bent down and picked up a stone.,Touch your toes without bending your knees.,集中(全力)于她专心致志于这项工作.,She bent her mind to the job.,(3)press v./n.按,压,挤;新闻;逼迫,His head was bent over a book.,I pressed the button but nobody answered the door.,The shoe is pressing my toe.,Time presses.Make up your mind.
29、,The English-Chinese Dictionary is in now.,(4)swiftly adv.迅速的,敏捷的 swift adj.,他沿着黑暗的街道迅速地走回家去.,辨析:swift侧重动作的轻快,顺利;rapid 侧重事物的进展迅速,表示动作快可与 swift 互换;quick侧重动作的快,与swift可互换;fast 侧重速度的快.,He walked swiftly towards home down the dark street.,I lose sight of Wang Pingin all directions,lose sight of:看不见,忽视,失去
30、联系,我和他完全失掉了联系.,I have lost sight of him entirely.,catch sight of at first sight out of sight in/within sightat the sight of,看见乍一看看不到,在视野外看的见,在视野内一看见.,I caught sight of her getting on the bus when I came out of the bookstore.,我从书店出来时看见她上了公共汽车.,(2)in all directions 向四面八方敌人向四面八方逃窜.,The enemies fled in
31、all directions.,He was swept up into.,sweep up 扫除,清扫,横扫,She was left to sweep up after the party.,The strong wind swept up the leaves into the air.,12.Exhausted,I slid into bed and.,exhausted此处是形容词,作状语,表原因.,slide v.偷偷地移动;潜行;(使)滑动,船滑入水中.,The ship slid(down)into the water.,1.This kind of plant will di
32、e in continuously rainy _.condition B.surrounding C.environments D.surroundings2.I saw people coming _ all directions to attend the Kite Flying Festival.to B.of C.in D.out3.The secretary reminded me _ there was a meeting that afternoon.A.of B.about C.that D.on,D,C,C,Choose the best answer,4.They wil
33、l be as tall as you soon if they _.keep on growing like that B.keep to grow like itC.keep growing like that D.will keep growing like that 5.Farmers can increase their corn crops three times simply _ watering their fields.through B.with C.by D.in6.There must be no life on the Mars for _ of air there.
34、lack B.lacking C.short D.empty,C,C,A,8.Catching _ sight of their headteacher coming,the students fell silence in _ flash.the;the B./;a C.the;/D./;/9.He gives people the impression _ all his life abroad.of having spent B.to have spentC.of being spent D.to spend,B,A,7.As there are cars and buses passi
35、ng by,I couldnt _ my mind to my study.A.bend B.put C.fix D.concentrate,A,Grammar,Past participle(3)used as Adverbial&Attribute,过去分词,过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。,过去分词与现在分词作状语 过去分词表完成、被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行,主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。,attention,过去分词表完成、被动,
36、作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间,原因,让步,结果,方式,条件等。,观察下列的句子:,Once published,his works(=Once his works was published,)became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.,PP作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。,过去分词作时间状语,1.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.W
37、hen heated,ice will be changed into water.,2.When it is seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.Seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.,过去分词作原因状语,1.Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afra
38、id.Given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.,2.Because it was done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.Done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.,过去分词作条件或者假设状语,If they had been given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.Given more atten
39、tion,the cabbages could have grown better.,2.If I am compared with you,we still have a long way to go.Compared with you,we still have a long way to go.,作方式或伴随情况状语,The hunter left his house,followed by his dog.The hunter left his house,and he was followed by his dog.,2.She sat by the window,lost in t
40、hought.She sat by the window,and she was lost in thought.lost 表示一种迷失心理状态,1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。,Summary,过去分词作状语:,过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作,因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系被动,例如:,Rewrite with proper conjunctions,1.United we stand,divided we fail.If we
41、are united,we will stand,but if we are divided,we will fail.,Example:,2.Asked what had happened,he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened,he told us about it.3.Well known for his expert advice,he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice
42、,he received many invitations to give lectures.,4.Given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.If we were given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.5.Once translated into Chinese,the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.Once it was translated into Chinese
43、,the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.,6.Deeply interested in medicine,she decided to become a doctor.Because she was deeply interested in medicine,she decided to become a doctor.7.Left alone at home,Sam did not feel afraid at all.Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel a
44、fraid at all.,用过去分词作状语来改写句子。,As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days._,I was unsettled for the first few days.,Worried about the journey,2.If he is given time,hell make a first-class tennis player._,hell make a first-class tennis player.3)As I was confused by the ne
45、w surroundings,I was hit by the lack of fresh air._,I was hit by the lack of fresh air.,Given time,Confused by the new surroundings,4)When he was questioned by the police about the fire,he became tense._ _,he became tense.,Questioned by the police about the fire,Find out the sentences with same mean
46、ing.,1.As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.,2.While I was confused by the new surroundings,I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Confused by the new surrounding,I was hit by the lack of fresh air.3.As
47、 I was exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.,1.Following the old man,we went upstairs.we followed(跟着那个老人,我们上去了)2.Followed by the old man,we went upstairs.(we were)(被那个老人跟着,我们上去了),Compare,3.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top,the stadium looks like a
48、 bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen4.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.Seen,Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_for a long time,the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧._ the book,I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用._ at her,he ju
49、mped with joy._at by her,he jumped with joy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb.,1)_ by noises in the night,the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room.2)The lady returned home,_ by
50、 two policemen.,frighten trap follow shoot,Frightened,followed,3)If _ in a burning building,you should send for help.4)Although _in the leg,he continued firing at the police.,trapped,shot,过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰的词的前面,而分词短语作定语,则须置于被修饰词的后面。,1.Last Sunday we we
