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1、非谓语动词,连平县附城中学 黄引腾,非谓语,不定式（to do),分词,动名词(-ing),过去分词(-ed),现在分词(-ing),-ing 分词,-ed 分词,顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。在语法填空、完形填空和学作中一定要分清谓语动词和非谓语动词。,在同一个位置上通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓语动词。,一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别,1.I have something _(say),to say,2.China is a _(develope)country.,developing,3.He was then a teacher _(respec
2、t)by all hisstudents.,respected,4.The boy _(pick)up the book and _(give)it to the gilr_(cry)on the fround.,picked,gave,crying,5._(climb)to the top of the mountain _(take)us a lot of time.,To climb,took,6.When_(drive)to work,he _(have)an accident.,driving,had,1)Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.2)It is n
3、ot very good for you to smoke so much.3)Collecting information is very important to business men.4)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.,二、考查非谓语动词作主语,能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。,二者的 区别是：,动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。,表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。,1).To make a plan first is a goo
4、d idea.,It is a good idea to make a plan first.,=It takes three hours to walk there.,How relaxing it is to bathe in the sun on the sand!,Tip1:在感叹句中常常把to do 用it替代放在句首,2).To walk there takes three hours.,To work with them is a pleasure.,To bathe in the sun on the sand is relaxing,What a pleasure it is
5、 to work with them!,把下列句子改为感叹句,2.动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。,It is/was,no use/good,not any use/good,of little use/good,useless,+doing sth.,It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of little good staying up too late every day.,若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式 上的一致。Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.,
6、如want,wish,hope,manage,demand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect等。,三、考查非谓语动词作宾语,to sound,I dont want _(sound)like Im speaking ill of anybody,but the managers plan is unfair.,They promise _(come),but they didnt appear.,to come,They left the factory,with the machine_(run)all night.,
7、running,He told us we should practise_(speak)English as often as possible.,speaking,不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。,1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,1)I cant stand _(work)with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _(stop)talking while she works.2)He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _(lose)the good
8、opportunity.,working,to stop,losing,如：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,deny.,2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，,4.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,但不定 式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是 一表物的名词或代词。,Your watch needs _(repair)2)The w
9、indows need_(paint)again.,repairing to be repaired.,painting to be painted,这类动词主要有：want、need、require,1.Walking along the river,we heard someone _(shout)for help.2.When she returned home,she found thewindow open and something _(steal).3.My teacher told me not_(be)so careless.,to be,stolen,shouting,四、
10、考查非谓语动词作宾补,-ed,-ing和to do 都可以做宾补,但表达的意思有所不同,-ing的逻辑主语是宾语本身,和宾语为主动关系(/主动进行),-ed的逻辑主语也是宾语,但和宾语为动宾关系(被动/完成),to do和宾语有时是主动关系,有时是动宾关系,(将来),不定式和分词作宾语补足语表达的意义不同。1.I heard her _(sing)an English song just now.2.I heard her _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.3.I heard the English song
11、_(sing)many times.4.I was surprised to find my hometown_(change)so much.,sing,singing,sung,接过去分词时，表被动或完成。,changed,接不定式时，表示动作发生的全过程；,接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行，或正要做分词表示的动作；,1.Children should be allowed _(make)their own decisions.,to make,2.My advisor encouraged me_ _(take)a summer course to improve my writin
12、g skills.,to take,3.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.,to learn,4.The boss made the workers_(work)13 hours a day.,work,使役动词，感官动词能接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语,常见的使役动词有make,let,have等,感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel 以及look at,listen to等,注意:在以上动词用于被动语态时,要还原to,使役动词，感官动词+O+C(to do),3.Please t
13、ell the children _(play)outside not to make so much noise.,不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。,五.考查非谓语动词作定语,1.Their decision_(give)up the experiment surprised us.2.He was the last one _(leave)school yesterday.,to give,to leave,playing,4.They lived in a room_(face)the south.,facing,5._(bark)dogs sel
14、dom bite.,Barking,6.Some of the experiments _(describe)in the book are easy to perform.,described,7.There have been several new events _(add)to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.,added,现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关系”,过去分词作定语和被修饰的名词是动宾关系,不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作,能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们
15、的位置和在句中的意义。,六、考查非谓语动词作状语,1.Hehurriedhomeonly_(find)hismoneystolen.,tofind,2.Allofusaresurprised_(see)hisrapidprogress.,tosee,3._(give)a chance,I can surprise the world.,Given,4._(come)intotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.,Coming,5.Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,_(look)ratherpleased.,looking,分
16、词作状语时的逻辑主语问题,分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致,现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果,-ing做状语时和逻辑主语是主动关系,-ed做状语时和逻辑主语是被动关系,七、考查非谓语动词作表语,能作表语的有不定式、动名词和分词。,1.Tom sounds very much _(interest)in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it.,interested,2.The purpose of new technologies
17、is_(make)life easier.,to make,一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。,动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。,3.Our work is_(serve)the people,serving,4.We are_(amaze)at the news that the singer suicided.,amazed,-ing和-ed做表语的区别,-ing表示令人.,-ed表示感到,(动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可),(动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格),八.动名词的复合结构,1
18、)LiPings/My _(help)her moved her deeply.,helping,2.I appreciate your/you/LiPings/LiPing _(come)to see me.,coming,3)Is there any hope of our team_(win)the match?4)What made me angry was that many students_(fail)in the exam.,动名词的复合结构由物主代词、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。,winning,failing,1.When _(heat)water will be ch
19、anged into vapour.While _(heat)water,we can change it into vapour.2._(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful._(see)from the hill,you will find the city beautiful.3.Generally speaking,when _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.4.If _(take)the drug according to the directi
20、ons,you will be better soon.,heated,heating,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,1.The question _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.,smelling,discussed,2.They should understand the traffic rule by now.youve had it _(explain)often enough.,explained,3.There are hundreds of visitors _(wait)in
21、 front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.,waiting,4.The disc,digitally _(record)in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.,recorded,5.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _(form)in your mind instead of before your eyes.,for
22、ming,6.The flowers _(smell)sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.,7.As he was an orphan,the nurse_(treat)him kindly.,treated,8.He sent me an E-mail,_(hope)to get further information.,hoping,9._(make)this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.,To make,10.
23、No matter how frequently _(perform),the works of Beethoven will still attract people all over the world.,performed,11.When _(compair)different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.,comparing,12.When _(compair)to the people,those living in the country have more flesh air.,compared,13.When _(complete),the museum will be open to the public next year,completed,14.All the thing _(consider)，his proposal is of greater value than yours.,considered,15.The murder was brought in,with his hands _(tie)behind his back.,tied,
