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1、The Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时,一)构成:,have/has+动词过去分词,三、过去分词的构成,travelled,moved,stayed,owned,learned,visited,stopped,finished,shopped,repaired,A 规则动词的过去分词,规则动词的过去分词的变化规律1 一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work-worked play-playedwant-wanted act-acted2、以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live-lived move-movedtaste-tasted hope-hoped
2、3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：study-studied copy-copiedcry-cried carry-carried4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped,动词过去分词记忆口诀：一加ed，二加d三要双写，四注意：y变成ied.1.work-worked open-opened answer-answered2.hope-hoped3.drop-dropped stop-stopped4.study-studied,B 不规则动词的过去分词,thought,caught,given,made,wr
3、itten,put,cost,grown,hurt,run,felt,fallen,flown,had,drunk,brought,worn,sung,forgotten,kept,不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式：,1）AAA型(三种都一样)如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同)如:bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led,3）ABC型(三种都不一样)如：begin-began-be
4、gun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同)如:come-came-come become became become run ran run,写出下列动词的过去分词形式.wake _ 2.teach _ 3.sell _4.see _ 5.ride _ 6.pay _7.choose _ 8.throw _ 9.think _10.eat _ 11.drive _ 12.catch _13.bring _ 14.break _15.give _16.get _17.know _ 18.open
5、_19.write _ 20.forget _,Woken taughtSold seenRidden paid Chosen thrownThought eaten Driven caught Brought brokenGiven gotten Known openedWritten forgotten,二)含义:,(一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already,yet,ever,never,just,before等.,(定义二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since
6、引导的时间状语连用.,句式构成,1.肯定句:,S(主语）+have/has(助动词）+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。,2.否定句:,S(语)+have/has+not+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。,3.一般疑问句,Have/has+S(主语)+PP(过去分词)?Yes,S+have/has.No,S+have/hasnt.,（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答)I have seen him since his wedding day.,I havent seen him since his wedding day.,Have you seen him since his wedding day?
7、,He has written to me since I have been ill.(改为一般疑问句),Has he written to you since you have been ill?,He hasnt written to me since I have been ill,1.现在完成时中标志词的用法区别,1.Already肯定句:句中(助后实前)/句末“己经”,一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”,Eg.Ive already had breakfast.(更常见)=Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调)Have you had breakf
8、ast already?,注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg.Shes already eighty years old.It was already very late.,2.yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末“还(没)”,疑问句:句末“己经”,Eg.I havent had breakfast yet.Have you had breakfast yet?,注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.,Eg.I have already done my homework.否定句:
9、一般疑问句:,I havent done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,3.ever在现在完成时中的用法,肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”,Eg.Ive ever been to Beijing.Have you ever been to Beijing?,4.never在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句中“从来没有”Eg.Ive never been to Beijing.,注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”,Eg.He has ever m
10、ade dumplings.否定句:,Have they ever travelled by train?No,never.,He has never made dumplings.,5.just在现在完成时中的用法,用于句中,表示“刚刚”Eg.Ive just had breakfast.What have they just done?,6.before在现在完成时中的用法,用于句末,表示“以前”Eg.Ive seen it before.Has she ridden a bike before?,(定义二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或si
11、nce引导的时间状语连用.,1.for+,Eg.I have been here for 5 weeks.Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2.since+,从句(一般过去时),词组,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg.I have been here since 2000.I have been here since 5 years ago.I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long,决不能用when.,Eg.I have lived
12、here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注3):短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中.Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,5.短暂动词和延续动词转换,be,be over,be back,be away(
13、from),be open/be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,瞬间动词 vs延续动词,wear/be on,be up,be awake,be asleep,be in=be a member of,be in/at,练习,判断：他到达车站半个小时了He has arrived at the station for half an hour(),He has been at the station for half an hour.or He arrived at the statio
14、n half an hour ago,He _the League since two years ago Joined B.has joined C.has been in翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了-,The film has been on for fifteen minutes.,have/has been to，have/has gone to，have/has been in的用法区别,1“Have/has been to+地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。2“have/has gone to+地名”表示
15、去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。3“have/has been in+地名”表示“在某地”。指一种存在状态巧记：been to，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要记清；have/has been to+地名，曾经到过某地行；have/has gone to+地点，到某地去了已走远。have/has been in+地名，已经在某地了。,用have/has been to和have/has gone to填空1.Hi，Lucy，you ever Beijing？No，I.2.What about your sister，Lily？Oh，she Chengdu，she wi
16、ll come back next week.Ok，thanks.Youre welcome.,have been to,havent,has gone to,四)It is+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+has passed+since+句子(一般过去时),Eg.It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.,练习,自从我来到这正好两天,It is just two days since I came here,Two days has pa
17、ssed since I came here,It_(be)ten years since I _(finish)middle school.,ishas been finished,（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,He has lived in Beijing since 1999.自1999年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in
18、 1999.在1999年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）,Translation,1.他昨天去北京了。2.他去北京两天了。,He went to Beijing yesterday.（现在是否住在北京不知道）,He has been in Beijing for two days.（说明他现在仍然在北京。）,用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）,1.-_ you _your pen?(mend)-Yes,I _.-When_ you _ it?-I _ it yesterday.2.-How do you like the film?-I _(not see)such a movin
19、g film before.3.Millies sister _(join)the club last week.So she _(be)in the club for nearly one week.,Have,mended,have,did,mend,mended,havent seen,joined,has been,4.My father_(give)up _(smoke).He doesnt _(smoke)now.5.The Green family_(not come)back yet from the cinema.They_(go)to see a film one hour
20、 ago.6.You_(not visit)your son for a long time.,has given,smoking,smoke,havent come,went,havent visited,6.She has known Sam_ nine years.(for,never,since)7.They have_arrived.(ever,just,yet)8.Have you_ ridden a horse?(ever,for,yet)9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school.(already,just,since)1
21、0.We have not completed the project_.(already,for,yet),for,just,ever,since,yet,II.将下列句子中的动词改为现在完成时.John is drawing a picture.I write my name on the4 card.Tom blows out the light.The cat drinks its milk.The tree falls across the road.My parents give me a present.,John has drawn a picture.I have writt
22、en my name on the card.Tom has blown out the light.The cat has drunk its milk.The tree has fallen across the road.My parents have given me a present.,单项选择He _ working.A.have just started B.has just startedC.Has just stars 2._ you _ your suitcase yet?Do,pack B.did,pack C.Have,packD.Have,packed3.I _ m
23、y room already.have tidied B.had tidied C.will tidy,4.I _ my plane ticket,but I cant find it.will buy B.would buy C.have boughtD.have buyed5.-What has Denis done?-He _ over a vase.has knocked B.had knocked C.knockedD.is knocking6.They cant buy a computer because they _ all their money.are spending B
24、.have spent C.spendD.will spend,Homework,1.我已经离开那所学校两年了。2.这个小孩已经生病两天了。3.这本书小明已经借了一周了。4.这家书店已经开业五年了。5.我妈妈去超市了。她很快就回来了。,Thank you!,用have/has been to,have/has been in或have/has gone to填空-Where is your brother?-He _ the shop.Hell be back soon.2.-_ you ever _ America?-Yes,I _ New York twice.3.-Here you are at last!Where _ you _?-I _ London for two months.-When did you come back,then?-I came back only this morning.,4.We _ this class since last week.5.-How long _ you _ China?-Two years.6.-David _ Australia.-Im sure hes already arrived.,
