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1、ZC 和CCS Zhongguo Chuanjian (ZC) and China Classification Society1. 定义：1. Definition:ZC中华人民共和国船舶检验局（海事局下属政府机构，主要负责国内沿海、内河的船舶法定检验，主要依据规范船舶与海上设施法定检验规则）Zhongguo Chuanjian (ZC) The Bureau of Ships Inspection/Certification of The Peoples Republic of China (A subsidiary government division of China Maritim
2、e Safety Administration (MSA), primarily in charge of domestic coastal, in-land river ships statutory inspection, mainly in accordance with the standards .CCS中国船级社（社会团体性质的船舶检验机构，经中国海事局或船舶检验局授权进行法定检验及船舶入级检验，主要依据规范船舶与海上设施法定检验规则和钢质海船入级规范及内河船入级规范等）CCS - China Classification Society (An organization of s
3、ocial group characteristic for ships Survey, who carries statutory survey and class survey on behalf of China MSA or ships inspection bureau, mainly in accordance with the standards , and .一、CCS的发展历程1. The history of CCS development中国船级社（简称CCS）成立于1956年，是中国唯一从事船舶入级检验业务的专业机构。中国船级社通过对船舶和海上设施提供入级标准，通过提供
4、独立、公正和诚实的入级及法定服务，为航运、造船、海上开发及相关的制造业和保险业服务，为促进和保障人命和财产的安全、防止水域环境污染服务。CCS was established in 1956, it is the only organization in China for ships classification inspection business. CCS provides services for industries of marine transportation, ship building, offshore exploration and related manufactu
5、ring and insurances, provides services for the safety of enhancement and protecting human lives and property, and sea water environment pollution prevention, by means of providing the services of classification standards for ships and offshore facilities, by means of providing the services for indep
6、endent, fair and honest classification.作为社会团体性质的验船机构，其建立的目的及意义在于：促使中国船舶制造业及航海与国际惯例一致。为提高我国在海上保险、船舶买卖、海上货物运输与国际接轨上做出巨大贡献。As an organization of social group characteristic ships inspection, the goal and significance of its establishment are: promoting China ships building industries and maritime indus
7、tries are in consistence with International usual practices. To make significant contributions in areas of enhancing our country in maritime insurances, ships buying and selling, sea water cargo transportations and in consistence with the International.2. ZC 和CCS 的比较Comparison between ZC and CCSZC是中
8、国船舶检验局的代号，国内船检机构现在除了CCS外,还有各省海事局下面的船检机构,他们一般被称为ZC，ZC的标准其实应该和CCS的国内标准是一致的，但在执行力度上存在差异。除了执行力度上的差异,还有：ZC is the code for China Ships inspection bureau, domestic ships inspection organization except for CCS, and subsidiary ships inspection organization under all provinces MSA, they all called ZC. The st
9、andards of ZC are truly in consistence with CCS domestic ships standards. But there are differences between their executions. Besides of the differences of their executions. 1. 机构体制差异（ZC 为海事局下属政府机构，CCS为社会团体性质的船舶检验机构，需经过中国海事局或船舶检验局授权进行法定检验及船舶入级检验），1. Difference of Organization hierarchy (ZC is the su
10、bsidiary organization under MSA, CCS is An organization of social group characteristic for ships inspection, is to be authorized by China MSA or ships inspection bureau for ships statutory inspection and classification inspection). 2. 检验范围的差异：从中华人民共和国船舶和海上设施检验条例第三条，第四条两条规定可以知道，船检局(ZC)与船级社(CCS)均可以实施法
11、定检验行为，但船级社的法定检验资质需要船检局授权。CCS除了法定检验，还能做入级检验。2. Difference of inspection scope: From the requirements under rules 3 and 4 in , ZC and CCS can all execute the statutory inspection, but the statutory inspection certification for CCS needs to be authorized by Ship Inspection Bureau (ZC). Besides of the s
12、tatutory inspection, CCS could also provide classification inspection.3. 检验权限上的很大差别：3. The difference of inspection authority:一般来讲，沿海、内河船舶的检验规范为船舶与海上设施法定检验规则，检验合格的船舶，由船检局（ZC）签发船舶检验证书簿；Normally, coastal, in land water ships inspection standards are , ships passed the inspection, will be issued by ZC
13、a ; 从事国际航行的中国籍船舶的检验规范为钢质海船入级规范，检验合格的船舶，由船级社(CCS)签发船体入级证书、轮机入级证书等相关入级证书。The inspection standards for China classed ships engaging international navigation are , ships passed the inspection, will be issued by CCS related classification certificates such as and , etc., 后者（CCS）要求较前者高，与国际上其他各船级社的规范较为一致，容
14、易被国内外各大保险人接受，船舶的安全性更有保证。The later (CCS) is with higher requirements than the earlier (ZC), it is in consistence with the requirements of the most other International classes, easier to be accepted by national and foreign insurer, ships safety is further guaranteed. 3ZC 及CCS目前发展情况3. The present devel
15、opment status of ZC and CCS:1. 二者巨大的技术差距。船级社（简称CCS）作为交通部直属事业单位，成立于1956年，当初从中国船舶检验局（ZC）抽掉业务骨干成立，基本上把的技术力量都抽空了,加上招聘和人才拔选等人事上面的权力全部下放到了地方交通管理部门，后继无人,所以造成了今天这种ZC技术的匮乏，而CCS机构分工比较细,人员设备技术都比较全面，从成立开始得到政策的大力支撑（把大型造船厂/修船造企业统统纳入其管辖范围），只剩下小船厂留给ZC管理，导致ZC要人没人,要技术没技术。There is a vast technical gap between these tw
16、o. CCS was established in 1956 directly under the MOC (Ministry of Communication). Originally, CCS was established by elites extracted from ZC, generally the technical elites from ZC were removed near empty, and the authority of recruiting and human resource selection was delegated to the local tran
17、sportation department, there are no new joiners for personnel complement, which is why it becomes todays status of lacking of techniques. However, there are more detailed job delegations in CCS, human resource, facilities and techniques are comparably completed. From the beginning of its establishme
18、nt, CCS gained the governments strong support (Included large shipyard/ships repairing/manufacturing to CCS domination scope), only left the smaller shipyard to ZC, so that there are not reserved human resources and techniques left in ZC.2. 二者法规规范的差距。CCS有专门的法规人员，编写法规规范，ZC由于人员较少，没有相应的法规支持部门，只能参照CCS的法
19、规。由于ZC常期面对的客户为个体船东，其法规的执行能力，相应的技术能力，同CCS面对的国际其他船级社的竞争相比，二者的差距越来越大。2. The differences between their Regulations/Standards.There are designated persons inside CCS, who are in charge of regulations/standards updating. Due to persons in ZC is less, without related regulation support department, it can o
20、nly be in accordance with CCS requirements. And because of ZC is often facing the private ship owners as its clients, its regulation execution, limited technique capabilities, compared with CCS who is facing competitions with other International classes, the gap between these two is getting bigger a
21、nd bigger. 2. CCS和LR（劳合氏船级社） 、DNV、 ABS等是IACS（国际船级社协会）的会员，与IMO（国际海事组织）沟通交流很频繁，IACS的UR（统一规范）体现了IMO的要求，这是ZC无法做到的。CCS and Lloyds Register (LR), Det Norske Veritas (DNV), American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), etc., are members of International Association of Class Societies (IACS), who are frequently in com
22、munication/facilitation with International Maritime Organization (IMO), United Regulations (UR) in IACS are in accordance with IMO requirements, this is not even for ZC to attempt.4CCS为液货海船的发展方向：交通部规定从2007年9月以后建成的1000总吨以上液货海船必须要求是CCS。CCS is the developing direction for liquefied oil/chemical/gas tankers: MOC (Ministry of Communication) regulated that liquefied oil/chemical/gas tankers built after September 2007 with gross tonnage over 1000 must be classed as CCS.Please refer the link about the requirement:
