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1、Grammar,the Infinitive,动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表,to be done,to have been done,不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。,1.It is good to help others.2.It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public b
2、uildings.3.My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.,辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分:,subject,subject,Predicative(表语),4.I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.5.I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.6.A big company has decided to buy it from me.7.My fellow stu
3、dents have begun to accept me for who I am.,attribute,attribute,object,object,8.I have had to work hard to live a normal life.9.Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.10.We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.,Adverbial(状语),adverbial,object complement,一.
4、不定式在句中的功能,1.作主语,用不定式或动名词作主语的特殊句型。熟记下列固定句式：It takes me about two hours to finish all my homework every day.我每天做完所有作业需要大约两小时。It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings.经常有人提醒我们自身的缺点是有必要的。,Its very kind of you to tell me the truth.你真好，告诉我真相。Its no use quarrelling about it.We a
5、re all in the same boat.为此事争吵是没有用的，我们处境相同。,只能接不定式的动词或短语动词。以下18条考的可能性最大，请根据汉语意思，用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记：,2.作宾语,decide,refuse,agree,hope,plan,intend,afford,happen,want,pretend,offer,manage,would love,get ready,cant wait,try ones best,make an attempt,make up ones mind,(3)只能接动名词的动词或短语动词。如真题再练第11和13题。以下22条考的可
6、能性最大，请根据汉语意思，用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记：,enjoy,finish,dislike,mind,practise,keep,permit/allow,admit,consider,suggest/advise,escape,risk,imagine,feel like,give up,put off,carry on,keep on,insist on,be busy,be worth,cant stand,3.作定语 要根据与逻辑主语的关系，是主动关系用现在分词(如真题再练第2题)，是被动关系就用过去分词(如真题再练第1、3题)。若是表示未来的情况(发生在谓语动词之后)
7、或表示“有要”用动词不定式，在最高级或“序数词(+名词)”后或在ability,chance,way等抽象名词后作定语也要用不定式。如：,I borrowed some books _(read)during my holiday.解析：因“阅读”在“借书”之后，即表示未来，故用不定式作定语，填to read。,to read,He told me that he had a composition _(write).解析：“有一篇作文要写”，即“有要”表示未来，故用不定式作定语，填to write。,to write,Jack,a hard-working student,is always
8、 the first _(come)to school and the last to leave.解析：序数词后用不定式作定语，故填to come。,to come,Tu Youyou,an 84-year-old female scientist,became the first Chinese citizen _(win)a Nobel Prize in science on Oct.5,2015.解析：在“序数词+名词”后用不定式作定语，故填to win。,to win,Happiness is the ability _(make)the most of what we have.解
9、析：在抽象名词ability后，表示“做某事的能力”，用不定式作定语，故填to make。If I were you,I should seize the chance _(practise)speaking English.解析：在抽象名词chance后，表示“做某事的机会”，用不定式作定语，故填to practise。,to make,to practise,We found a way _(solve)this problem.解析：在抽象名词way后，表示“做某事的方法”，用不定式作定语，故填to solve。,to solve,4.作状语(1)在形容词后作状语用不定式。如 真题再练第
10、5题(cold enough to do sth.)。又如:She wished that he was as easy _(please)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.(2009广东卷)解析：因句中已有谓语was easy(系动词加表语构成谓语)，动词please(使高兴)应为非谓语动词；在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填to please。,to please,(2)作目的状语也只能用不定式。如：Since the plants took a while to grow,he started cutting d
11、own trees _(sell)the wood.(2015广东卷)解析：因句中已有谓语started，而sell前没有并列连词，所以sell为非谓语动词；又因“卖木料”是“砍树”的目的，故用不定式to sell。,to sell,目的状语:常用的结构to do;in order to do,so as to do,so/such as to do,etc.I come here to say good-bye to you.(3)结果状语:常与only,enough 或too连用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough
12、to go to school.,(4)原因状语:一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.,用不定式作宾补的固定搭配很多，但最可能考的且在写作中很可能会用到的有以下22个，请用规范工整的英语完成搭配后，熟读牢记：,5.作补语,ask,beg,invite,tell,remind,encourage,inspire,urge,require/request,advise,convince/persuade,appoint,cause,force,promise,warn,would like/want,wait for,allow/p
13、ermit,forbid/prohibit,wish/desire/expect,call on,二.不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由“not+不定式”构成，否定副词 not,never,seldom,hardly 等要置于to前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Please tell your child not to play in the street.她检查名字为了不犯错误。She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.,三.不定式的时态：一般时表示的动作,有时与谓语动词表示的 动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之后。H
14、e seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。I hope to see you again.我希望再见到你。2.完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之前。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.,3.一般进行时表示的动作正在进行,与谓语 动词表示的动作同时发生。他好象正在吃什么东西。He seems to be eating something.4.完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续 至说话的时候。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。She is said to have been working on the
15、 problem for many years.,在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。1.I am writing this letter _(invite)you to come with us.,此处动词不定式作目的状语。,to invite,2.Whats worse,I find it quite hard _(take)notes in classes because I cant follow the teachers words.句中it 是形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。,to take,3.I want to live in the country becau
16、se the air there is so fresh _(breathe).在作表语或补语的形容词后，只能用不定式作状语，故填to breathe。,to breathe,4._(bring)up the family,my father works day and night.此处表示“为了抚养家庭”，因此用动词不定式作目的状语。,To bring,本题中，动词不定式作opportunity的后置定语。可以直接记住搭配：have an opportunity to do sth.(有做的机会)。,to explore,5.The students are looking forward
17、to having an opportunity _(explore)society of real-life experience.,6.Recently,we students planned _(go)to the nursing home _(learn)more about the old there.第一空plan后接动词不定式作宾语，第二空用动词不定式作目的状语。7.Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman _(win)the Nobel Prize in medicine.当the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。,to go,to learn,to win,
