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1、Lecture 1 考博英语写作概述,注意事项之一字数 注意事项之二字迹 注意事项之三考试做题的顺序 注意事项之四三段式结构 注意事项之五阅卷人的工作程序 注意事项之六对自己有明确定位 注意事项之七考前背诵模板，进行填充练习,困境一、滔滔不绝“意识流”对策：严格按照三点提纲来写困境二、无话可说真难受对策：由具体细小的、琐碎的、微不足道的事物所 引发思考困境三、真情流露没必要对策：关注书面表达能力困境四、英语表达憋得慌对策：要先学人家怎么表达,再学会自己表达困境五、处于被动危害大对策：主动把握,不能让自己陷人被动,Lecture 2 应用文写作,考研英语短文写作格式错误及纠错分析,题目的写法 文
2、章的格式 大小写方面的错误 标点符号错误及分析,句子语法形式上的错误,1、汉语式句子 误：My English spoken is not good.正：I am not good at spoken English.Or My spoken English is not good.2、主谓不一致 误：One of these houses need repairing.正：One of these houses needs repairing.3、平行结构误用,(1)名词(短语)平行结构 误：The speaker called attention to the beginning and
3、how it ended.正：The speaker called attention to the beginning and end of the movement(2)形容词平行结构 误：He was sympathetic,tolerant,and people respected him.正：He was sympathetic,tolerant,and respected by people.(3)分词平行结构 误：The boys were running,shouting and to laugh.正：The boys were running,shouting and lau
4、ghing.,(4)动名词平行结构 误：Jane prefers singing to dance.正：Jane prefers singing to dancing.(5)动词不定式平行结构 误：To know what is good and doing what is right is not the same thing.正：To know what is good and to do what is right is not the same thing.(6)副词平行结构 误：The work is handsome and skillfully done.正：The work i
5、s handsomely and skillfully done.(7)短语平行结构 误：Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and being able.正：Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.,4、断裂句 误:I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday,Trying to find a garage to repair my car.正:I spent almost three hours on the phone ye
6、sterday,trying to find a garage to repair my car.5、悬垂修饰语 误：My term paper was finished after sitting up half the night.正：After sitting up half the night,I finished my term paper.,主要存在问题：(1)不会审题，偏离主题。(2)用汉语思维，逐字翻译。(3)用词搭配不当。(4)词汇量小，表达困难，拼写错误。(5)句子逻辑关系混乱。例如：Our English class often told stories.应改为：We o
7、ften told stories in our English class.,(6)不会运用关联词转承上下句子和段落。例：People learn English to use it,some learn it to study or work abroad.Other learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为：People learn English for practical purpose:som
8、e learn it to study or work abroad,while others learn it to read or communicate in English.,(7)语法错误。语法错误主要表现为：l 分不清及物与不及物动词l 被动语态与主动语态的误用l 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词或动词误 作形容词用l 混淆可数名词与不可数名词l 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误,应用文写作,Writing Exercise 1(P12)You live in a room in college which you share with another studen
9、t.You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting.Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college to 1)ask for a new room next term2)explain your reasons,and 3)want a single room.,Writing Exercise 2Directions:You traveled by plane last week and y
10、our suitcase was lost.You have still heard nothing from the airline company.Write a letter to the airline to1)explain what happened,2)describe your suitcase,and3)find out what they are going to do about it.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the
11、 letter.Use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points),Writing Exercise 3 Directions:You saw an advertisement seeking tour guides for a local travel agency.Write a letter to the personnel department to state1)your interest in the job2)why you are qualified,3)when you can start
12、the job.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points),Writing Exercise 4Directions:You planned to attend your friends birthday party.However,something emergent happened and yo
13、u were not able to join the party.Write a letter to 1)explain the emergency you met,2)express your apology,3)tell how you will make up for it.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address
14、.(10 points),一、选词1多用近义词：I think/believe/argue/maintain/insist/deem/hold that,As I see it,In my opinion,From my standpoint,solve/cope with/deal with/put an end to/tacklethe problemis important/is of the utmost importancetake pride in/be proud ofThis product enjoys a good market in that market.(This p
15、roduct sells well in that market.),写作准备(P2026),2区分具体与抽象的词 抽象 具体good kind,honest,generous,warm-hearted,selfless,friendlylaughsmile,chuckle,sniggerscientistphysicist,biologist,chemistfishshark,salmon,perch,eeltreeshrub,bush,pollard,oak,plane,pine,willow,3善于使用代词A scientist draws conclusions by studying
16、 the facts he collects.Such symbols as are used to represent chemical elements should be firmly kept in mind.,二、造句1英文的基本句型1）主+系+表：I am a university student./I feel proud of myself./The leaves turn green when spring comes.2）主+动+（状）：I study very hard./I have prepared for the NETEM for a long time.3）主+
17、动+宾：I read English books./Ive memorized all the words in the word list.4）主+动+宾+宾：Prof.Kang gave me a lot of assignments every day./I wrote my teacher a letter yesterday.5）主+动+宾+补：The little boy found the box empty./Well make our country greener and more beautiful.,2英文句子的特性1）完整：English is a language,
18、language is something used to communicate with other people.2）统一：My trouble is that I cannot speak English fluently and I like English very much.3）多样：She felt nervous and frightened.She took out the key and unlocked the door.4）简洁：After five months of hard work,she finally returned back to her home.5
19、）有效：It is very interesting because it brings me peace,love and beauty.(It is like a magic paradise filled with peace,love and beauty.),三、段落1段落的特性1）单一：Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.Wherever we turn we find pollution:polluted air,polluted water,polluted food and polluted
20、environment.As we know,this is threatening the very survival of the human race.,2）连贯：In order to know what the weather will be,special people are hired to provide this information.These people are called weathermen.They work in a weather station every day.Some of them observe the weather;the others
21、analyze weather information;and still others make forecast about the weather.It is known that their work can save thousands of lives and millions of dollars in property damage.,3）过渡：The traditional husband is different form modern husband in certain aspects.First of all,the traditional husband usual
22、ly made the big decisions about spending money.However,the modern husband shares these decisions with his working wife.In addition,the traditional husband did not help with housework.In contrast,the modern husband helps his working wife at home.He may do some of the household jobs,and it is not unus
23、ual for him to cook.,2段落的构成1）开头段（1）开头段的表达方法主题句法（use of topic sentence）使用引语（use a quotation）使用具体详实的数字或数据（use figures or statistics）提出问题（ask a question）给出背景（offer relevant background）定义法（give definition）,2）中间段（1）展开方法 列举法(Listing)举例法(Exemplification)定义法(Definition)分类法(Classification)比较对比法(Comparison and Contrast)因果法(Cause and Effect)发展过程法,3）结尾段（1）写作方法 总结归纳 重申主题 预测展望 提出建议 提出问题 引用格言,
