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1、1,各种类型化合物的红外光谱,2010-09-20,2,alkanes,CH3,3,CH2,nas:2925(ms),75(e)ns:2850(m),45(e),ds:1470(s)dip:725(n4);775(CH2CH3),CH,n:2890,alkanes,4,正辛烷的红外光谱图,2960,2925,2870,2850;1465;III.1380;IV.725,直链烷烃,5,饱和烃CH伸缩振动吸收,p54,图2.45,上:正丁烷(2个CH2);中:正辛烷(6个CH2);下:正二十烷(18个CH2),6,叔丁基、异丙基的甲基弯曲振动吸收带,p56,图2.47,上:叔丁基,在1395和13
2、70有两个强度不等的吸收带,低波数大约是高波数的2倍;下:异丙基,在1385和1375有两个强度近似相等的吸收带。,7,Cyclic Alkanes,8,C8H18,2960,2925,2870,2853,1465(weak),1460,1395,1380,1365,1250,1210,775,9,解析归属,nCH:2960,2870(CH3)nCH:2925,2853(CH2)dCH2:1465(CH2)dCH3:1460(CH3)dCH2:1395,1365-C(CH3)2 dCH2:1380(CH3)nCC:1250,1210-C(CH3)2 dCH2:775(CH2),2,2,3-tr
3、imethyl pentane,2960,2925,2870,2853,1465(weak),1460,1395,1380,1365,1250,1210,775,10,烷烃中只有 C-H,C-C 两种键 and 29602850 cm-1(CH)1200800 cm-1(C-C骨架伸缩振动区)异丙基和叔丁基的特殊性异丙基:11701140(nCH(CH3)2)叔丁基:12601250 122012003.720 cm-1(drock)n=1 时吸收峰在775 cm-1;n4 时吸收峰在725 cm-1。,Summary,11,4.1470-1370 cm-1(CH 弯曲振动)1)dasCH3与
4、dsCH2重叠,后者较弱;2)CH(CH3)2和C(CH3)3的特殊性异丙基:1385,1375(dCH(CH3)2)叔丁基:1395,1370(dC(CH3)3)骨架吸收:1210、,Summary,12,Alkenes,13,Alkenes,14,I.n=C-H:3090;II.nC=C:1640;III.d=C-H:990,910(乙烯型);IV.(泛音)1820n-C-H:2960,2920,2850,d-C-H(CH2):1470,d-C-H(CH3):1380,d-C-H(rock):775,3-甲基1-戊烯的红外光谱图,C8H16,15,乙烯基型和亚乙烯基型面外弯曲振动比较,上:
5、3,4二甲基1己烯,p64,图2.57,16,X-CH=CH2中X对=C-H的影响,17,X-CH=CH2中X对=C-H的影响,18,Cyclo Alkene,19,张力增加,nC=C增加,环张力对CC的伸缩振动吸收带的影响,p63,图2.56,上:六元环;中:五元环;下:四元环,20,累积烯烃,21,Alkynes,三种振动:三CH、C三C、三CH1.三CH 33403270(s)CCH 吸收强而尖锐。R较少,受影响小,波数和强度相对稳定,22,2 C三C:22602100(w)C三CCC CC 干扰少,特征性强 对称性3 三CH:630(s,b)R能极化电子云为双带,23,1-已炔的红外光
6、谱,I.3330;II.2270;III.630,IV.1250,2920,2850,1465,1380,730,C6H10,24,C14H10,1600,1500,1450,745,690U10,对称性叁键不在分子端头,没有氢,所以,既没有高波数区的伸缩振动,也没有低波数区的弯曲振动,25,异丙苯的红外光谱图,3010,3030,3090;,IV.19601740;,III.760,695;,II.1600,1500,1450;,V.1225954,V,C9H12,26,3090,3070,3030(n=C-H)1960-1750(d=C-H,overtone)1600,1580,1500,
7、1450(n=C-C)760,700(d=C-H),Aromatic hydrocarbons,27,面外弯曲振动(dCH):900650,1.孤立芳氢 9008602.芳环骨架 7256803.三个相邻芳氢 810750,吸收强度与氢原子数有关,H数目多,吸收强,1,3,5三取代,1,2,3,4,5五取代,28,各种取代苯的特征吸收,29,30,1900 1800 1700,800 700 600 500 400,各种取代苯的特征吸收(续),31,32,各取代苯泛音区和900650区特征吸收,1900 1800 1700,800 700 600 500 400,33,邻、间和对二取代苯衍生物
8、的红外光谱图,上:邻乙基苯胺,740(单峰);中:间甲基苯甲腈,850(w,1H),780,690(3H);下:对甲氧基溴苯,810(单峰),p71,图2.68,34,C6H11N,3400,3330,3070,2960,2850,1600,1580,1500,1450,740,35,C7H7BrO,3030,2960,2870,2830,1600,1580,1500,1450,810,36,C8H7NO,3010,2830,2330,1600,1580,1450,850,780,690,37,(2)稠环,CH 3050骨架振动 16501450CH 900-6751)单取代,1.孤立H:8628352.两个相邻H:8358053.四个相邻H:760735,2)单取代:三个H 810785,38,-乙萘的红外光谱图,:760(四个氢),795(三个氢),