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1、中级培训第二模块一,参 数,中国移动通信集团河南有限公司网优专家小组,课程时间,08:15开始12:45结束15:00开始17:30结束约二天时间。,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSContents,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSTime Slots and Frames,0,1,2,24,25,0,1,2,49,50,0,7,Hyperframe=2048 Superframes,Superframe=26x51 or 51x26 Multiframes,26 Multiframe=120 ms,51 Multiframe=235 ms,TDMA frame=4.6
2、15 ms,TCH,SIGN.,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSBurst Period,0,7,TDMA frame=4.615 ms=BURST PERIOD,0,0,0,f,s,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSLogical Channels,Downlink,BSS-MS,BCH,CCCH,FCCH,SCH,BCCH,PCH,AGCH,DCCH,TCH,SDCCH,SACCH,FACCH,TCH/F,TCH/H,COMMON CHANNELS,DEDICATED CHANNELS,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSLogical Channels,Up
3、link,MS-BSS,CCCH,RACH,DCCH,SDCCH,SACCH,FACCH,COMMON CHANNELS,DEDICATED CHANNELS,TCH,TCH/F,TCH/H,FCCH频率校正信道：给提供一个标志，使它们在若干之间发现包含广播传输的，移动台开机后，搜寻这个信号SCH同步信道:包含基站识别码BSIC和简化的TDMA帧号.BSIC用于识别不同的小区,TDMA帧号用于话间加密.BCCH广播控制信道:包含了详细的网络和小区信息,如:服务区和邻小区的频率.跳频序列,信道组合方式,COMBINE 等;寻呼组,通常一个小区有多个寻呼信道,为了防止移动台为了一个寻呼消息而侦听所
4、有的寻呼信道,寻呼信道以只有某一组移动台侦听某一特定的寻呼信道的方式分开;邻小区信息,MS必须知道目前小区的邻区是什么,以及它们广播频率.PCH寻呼信道:下行,寻呼用户时用,它是由位置区的所有BTS广播的.RACH随机接入信道:CCCH中唯一的上行链路.用于MS启动一事务,主叫,或作为PCH的应答.AGCH准许接入信道;为MS指派一个SDCCH,是下行的.SDCCH独立专用控制信道,用于呼叫建立,鉴权,位置更新,TCH分配,短消息.SACCH慢随路控制信道:SACCH伴随着SDCCH和TCH,用于发送测量报告,功率控制,时间校准,MS通话时发送短信.FACCH快随路控制信道:用于切换时,它与一
5、个TCH对应,代替20MS的话间,工作于偷帧模式.TCH业务信道:传送话音与数据,TCHF是全速13.3Kbit/s,TCHH是半速率5.6,EFR增加型全速率,13.3,但编码方式与全速率不同,在话音质量上有更一步提高.,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSConfiguration of Signalling Channels,0,7,Separated Configuration,Combined Configuration,0,7,ts0=bcch/pch/agch,ts1=sdcch/8,ts0=bcch/sdcch/4/pch/agch,CHANNEL CONFIGURAT
6、IONS Combined CCCH/SDCCH/4 Multiframe,f,s,b,b,b,b,c,f,c,f,c,s,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,c,f,s,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,f,f,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,f,s,f,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,t,t,t,t,r,r,s,f,s,s,s,s,s,s,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,s,f,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,f,r,r,r,r,t,r,t,t,t,r,f,t,t,t,r,t,r,t,t,t,Downlink,Uplink,CHANNELS f=FCCH b=BCCH r=RACH
7、i=idle s=SCH/SACCH c=CCCH t=SDCCH/4,51 TDMA frames=235 ms,t,0,50,1.,2.,3.,4.,i,f,s,b,b,b,b,c,f,c,f,c,s,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,c,f,s,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,f,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,s,f,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,s,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,f,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,f,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,f,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,f,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,r,Downl
8、ink,Uplink,CHANNELS f=FCCH b=BCCHr=RACH i=idle s=SCH c=CCCH=PCH/AGCH,51 TDMA frames=235 ms,r,0,50,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSBCCH/CCCH Multiframe,i,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS SDCCH/8 Multiframe,Downlink,Uplink,CHANNELS t=SDCCH/8 s=SACCH/8i=idle,51 TDMA frames=235 ms,1.,2.,3.,5.,6.,7.,8.,4.,CHANNEL CONFIGURAT
9、ION Number of Blocks for AGCH only,f,s,b,b,b,b,c,f,c,f,c,s,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,c,f,s,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,f,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,s,f,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,s,BCCH/CCCH,CHANNELS f=FCCH b=BCCHt=SDCCH/4i=idle s=SCH/SACCH c=CCCH=PCH/AGCH,51 TDMA frames=235 ms,f,s,b,b,b,b,c,f,c,f,c,s,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,c,f,s,t,t,t,t,t,t
10、,t,t,f,f,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,f,s,f,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,BCCH/SDCCH/4,i,i,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS Full Rate Traffic Channel(TCH)Multiframe,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,f,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,f,t,t,t,t,t,Downlink and Uplink,CHANNELS t=TCH s=SACCH i=idle,t,s,26 TDMA frames=120 ms,0,25,i,CHANNEL CONFI
11、GURATIONS Half Rate Traffic Channel(TCH)Multiframe,Downlink and Uplink,CHANNELS t=TCH s=SACCH i=idle,26 TDMA frames=120 ms,0,25,Downlink and Uplink,CHANNELS t=TCH s=SACCH i=idle,26 TDMA frames=120 ms,0,25,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSSDCCH Capacity,Location updates,Short Message Service imsi attached/detac
12、hed,Call setup,SDCCH used in,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSSDCCH Capacity(a),Example(Call establishment and Location Update included)Call Establishment2 TRXs/Cell 8.11 Erl/Cell(1%Blocking probability)1,5 min/Subs/BH=25 mErl./Subs8,11 Erl/Cell/25 mErl./Subs=325 Subs/CellAuthentication and Ciphering=7 sec=1.9
13、4 mErl/Call(SDCCH reservation time)=325 Calls/Cell*1.94 mErl/Call=0.6305 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)Location UpdateLocation Updates once in 60 minutes(parameter timerPeriodicUpdateMS)325 Subs/CellSDCCH reservation time for Location Update=7 sec=1.94 mErl=325 Calls/Cell*1.94 mErl/Call=0.6305 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)Call
14、Establishment and Location Update together 0.632 Erl+0.632 Erl=1.261 Erl/CellWith 1%Blocking Probability(Erlang B table)=5 SDCCH/CellCombined BCCH/SDCCH channel structure is not possible in this case!Separate Configuration(1 BCCH/CCCH and 1 SDCCH/8)is needed!,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSErlang B Table,CHA
15、NNEL CONFIGURATIONSSDCCH Capacity(b),Example(Call establishment and Location Update included)Call Establishment2 TRXs/Cell 8.11 Erl/Cell(1%Blocking probability)1,5 min/Subs/BH=25 mErl./Subs8,11 Erl/Cell/25 mErl./Subs=325 Subs/CellAuthentication and Ciphering=7 sec=1.94 mErl/Call(SDCCH reservation ti
16、me)=325 Calls/Cell*1.94 mErl/Call=0.6305 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)Location UpdateLocation Updates once in 120 minutes(parameter timerPeriodicUpdateMS)325 Subs/CellSDCCH reservation time for Location Update=7 sec=1.94 mErl=325 Calls/Cell*1.94 mErl/Call*1/2=0.31525 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)Call Establishment and Location
17、 Update together 0.6305 Erl/Cell+0.31525 Erl/Cell=0.94575 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)With 1%Blocking Probability(Erlang B table)=4 SDCCH/CellCombined BCCH/SDCCH channel structure is possible in this case!,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSSDCCH Capacity(c),Example(Call establishment and Location Update included)Call Establ
18、ishment2 TRXs/Cell 8,11 Erl/Cell(1%Blocking probability)1,5 min/Subs/BH=25 mErl./Subs8,11 Erl/Cell/25 mErl./Subs=325 Subs/CellAuthentication and Ciphering=7 sec=1,94 mErl/Call(SDCCH reservation time)=325 Calls/Cell*1,94 mErl/Call=0,6305 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)Location UpdateLocation Updates once in 120 minu
19、tes(parameter timerPeriodicUpdateMS)325 Subs/CellSDCCH reservation time for Location Update=7 sec=1,94 mErl=325 Calls/Cell*1,94 mErl/Call*1/2=0,31525 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)SMSSMS traffic estimation 1.0 mErl/subscriber=325 Calls/Cell*1 mErl/Call=0,325 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)Call Establishment,Location Update and SM
20、S together 0,6305 Erl/Cell+0,31525 Erl/Cell+0,325 Erl/Call=1,27075Erl/Cell(SDCCH)With 1%Blocking Probability(Erlang B table)=5 SDCCH/CellSeparated channel structure is possible in this case,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSPaging Capacity,ExampleCombined BCCH/SDCCH ConfigurationOne Block Reserved for AGCH=2 Bl
21、ocks for PCHPaged Mobile Stations per Paging_Request Message:From 2 to 4,in Average 3 In Average 2 Pages per Mobile Station 3 Pages/Blocks*2 Blocks=6 Pages every 51-frames Multiframe(235 ms.)2 Pages/Paged MS=3 Paged MS every 235 ms.(3600*1000)/235)*3=45957 Paged MS per Hour.Worst Case All Transactio
22、ns are Mobile TerminatingAll Cells in Location Area get the same PCH LoadCapacityWith one TRX 2.95 Erl.25 mErl./subs.=120 subscribers,Capacity of PCH calculated for a Location Area,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONNumber Of Blocks for Access Grant,f,s,b,b,b,b,c,f,c,f,c,s,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,c,f,s,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,
23、f,f,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,s,f,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,s,BCCH/CCCH,CHANNELS f=FCCH b=BCCH t=SDCCH/4 s=SCH/SACCH c=CCCH=PCH/AGCH,51 TDMA frames=235 ms,f,s,b,b,b,b,c,f,c,f,c,s,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,c,f,c,f,s,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,f,f,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,t,f,s,f,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,s,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1,2,3,BCCH/SDCCH/4,CHANNEL CONFIGURAT
24、IONS CCCH Improvements(1),numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant(AG)=0,settingPages used to have always priority in CCCH blocks no matter what numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant setting was.Now,If numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant=0 then AGCH messages would have priority over PCH messages.If numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant
25、 0 then PCH messages would have priority over AGCH messages.Thus capacity can be dynamically shared between PCH and AGCH=better throughput for PCH especially for combined-BCCH,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSNumber of Multiframes Between Paging(MFR),#of 51 TDMA frame multiframes(2.9)between transmissions of P
26、aging_Request messages to mobiles of the same paging group.#of paging groups=numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant*noOMultiframesBetweenPaging=Page/group every 2.9*235 ms=0.47.2.115 sMobile Station calculates its Paging Group based on IMSI and on the Number of Paging Groups.,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSNumber of M
27、ultiframes Between Paging,Affects of the#of the Paging GroupsBattery Consumption of the Mobile Station 手机省电Speed of Call Setups 呼叫速度根据CCCH、AG和MFR的定义，可以计算出每个小区寻呼子信道的个数：当CCCH与SDCCH共用一个物理信道时：（3AG）MFR。当CCCH不与SDCCH共用物理信道时：（9AG）MFR。当参数MFR越大，小区的寻呼子信道数也越多，相应属于每个寻呼子信道的用户数越少（参见GSM规范05.02寻呼组计算方式），因此寻呼信道的承载能力加强
28、,上述优点的获得是以牺牲寻呼消息在无线信道上的平均时延为代价的，即MFR越大使寻呼消息在空间段的时间延迟增大，系统的平均服务性能降低。,设置MFR时建议参考下列原则：MFR的选择以保证寻呼信道不发生过载为原则，在此前提下应使该参数尽可能小。一般建议：对寻呼信道负载很大的地区（通常指话务量很大的区域），MFR设置为8或9（即以8个或9个复帧作为寻呼组的循环）；对寻呼信道负载一般的地区（通常指话务量适中的区域），MFR设置为6或7（即以6个或7个复帧作为寻呼组的循环）；对寻呼信道负载较小的地区（通常指话务量较小的区域），MFR设置为4或5（即以4个或5个复帧作为寻呼组的循环）。在运行的网络中应定期
29、测量寻呼信道的过载情况，并以此为根据适当调整 MFR的数值。,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSRACH Controlling,RET:Number of retransmission=maxNumberRetransmission(1,2,4,7)当对信道请求无响应时，允许手机重发请求的最大次数,SLO:window=numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans(3.12,14,16,20,25,32,50),0,0,1 RACH(Re)transmission during the window,=Total time for RACH=maxNumberRetransmi
30、ssion*numberOfSLotsSpreadTrans+.,TDMA-frames,三个参数，即：发送分布时隙数SLO、最大重发次数RET和与参数SLO及信道组合有关的参数S。,参数SLO越大，移动台发送信道请求消息之间的间隔的变化范围越大，RACH冲突的次数相应减少。参数S越大，移动台发送信道请求消息之间的间隔越大，RACH信道上的冲突减少，然而，参数SLO和S的增大却会延长移动台的接入时间，从而导致整个网络的接入性能下降，因此必须选择合适的SLO和S。,CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSParameters Related to Signalling,noOfMultifr
31、amesBetweenPaging(MFR)2.9,numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant(AG)0.7(if BCCH/CCCH used)0.2(if combined BCCH/SDCCH used),maxNumberRetransmission(RET)1,2,4,7(RACH control),numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans(SLO)3.12,14,16,20,25,32,50(RACH control),Parameters,Value,IDLE MODE,什么是手机开机没有专用连接会选择一个最适合的小区接入以收听下行上的系统信息，需要时可发起
32、呼叫，当被叫时可被网络定位的三个任务：选网小区选择和小区重选位置更新,locationAreaId,ncc(Network Colour Code)0 7 bcc(BTS Colour Code)0 7,bsIdentityCode,cell-ID0 65535,Parameter,Value,trainingSequenceCode0 7,IDLE MODE OPERATION IDs and ID Codes,mcc(Mobile Country Code)0 999 mnc(Mobile Network Code)0 99 lac(Location Area Code)0 65535,C
33、ell Global Identity(CGI)MCC+MNC+LAC+CI,IDLE MODE OPERATIONBaseStation Identity Code(BSIC),BSIC is a combination of NCC and BCC Reported in Measurement Results to BSC Can be listed in Hex or Decimal,IDLE MODE OPERATIONBase Station Colour Code,MNC=Operator,MCC=Country e.g Finland,LAC 1=Helsinki,LAC 2,
34、LAC 3,LAC 4,f1,f2,f3,f1,f1,bcc=1,bcc=2,bcc=3,Neighbour list of f3:f1f2.,Location Area Code,BSC,BTS,BTS,BTS,1,2,n,initialFrequency 1.124 GSM 900 512 885 GSM 1800 512 810 GSM 1900,Parameter,Value,bCCHAllocation-ID 1.128(660)in GSMbCCHAllocationList 1.124 in GSM(max.32 freq.for all bands),(IDLE)idleSta
35、teBCCHAllocation(空闲模式)0(BCCH list is taken from the adjacent cell)1.128(660)(number of the BCCH list used)(ACT)measurementBCCHAllocation(占用模式)ADJ(BCCH frequency list taken from adj.cell)IDLE(active MS uses the same list as MS in IDLE mode),IDLE MODE OPERATION Frequencies,plmnpermitted(PLMN)0.7,Param
36、eter Value,IDLE MODE OPERATION PLMN Selection,Two Modes（手机设置，自动还是手动设置PLMN的选择）AutomaticManual,该参数的设置不当可能是引起掉话的主要原因之一。,IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Selection in Idle Mode,Two methods:a)Normal cell selectionb)Stored list cell selection(opt),If no suitable cell found with with method b)then a)is tried.b)搜寻上
37、次关机时,手机中存的那个频点,如果没有进行a)所有频点全听,找一个最好的。,IDLE MODE OPERATION Suitable cell to camp on,Cell is in the selected PLMN Cell is not barred It is not in a forbidden location area for national roaming 位置区是允许的 C1 0,IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Barred,Existing Layer Barred,No,New Microcell Layer Barred,Yes,Call set
38、up on macro,GPS-satellite,Measurement System,cellBarQualify(QUA)Y cell bar can be overridden不考虑CELLBAR N cell bar can not be overridden 要听CELLBAR,Example,cellBarred(BAR)Y cell is barred N cell is not barred,IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Selection in Idle Mode-Implementation,Radio CriteriaC1=(A-Max(B,0)A=
39、Received Level Average-p1B=p2-Maximum RF Output Power of the Mobile Stationp1=rxLevelAccessMin Min.received level at the MS required for access to the systemp2=msTxPowerMaxCCHMax.Tx power level an MS may use when accessing the system,rxLevelAccessMin(RXP)-110.-47msTxPowerMaxCCH(TXP1)5 39,Parameter V
40、alue,IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Re-selection in Idle Mode,Cell re-selection is needed if Path Loss criterion C1 最大重传次数,MS will calculate the C1 and C2 for the serving cell,every 5 sMS will calculate the C1 and C2 for the neighbour cells,every 5 s,cellReselectParamInd(PI)Y C2 reselection parameters are
41、 broadcast N C2 reselection parameters are not broadcast,cellReselectOffset(REO)0.126(dB)2 dB steppenaltyTime(PET)20.640(s)20 s steptemporaryOffset(TEO)0.70(dB)10 dB step(the value is negative),Parameter Value,C1+cellReselectOffset-temporaryOffset*H(penaltyTime-T)penaltyTime,IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell
42、 Re-selection with C2,continues,IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Re-selection,cellReselectHysteresis(HYS)(0 14 dB)(mentioned in RR Management in IDLE mode Control).,A=4 dB,B=6 dB,C=8 dB,A,B,C,1,2,1,2,MS Moving,A,B,C,LA1,LA2,IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Re-selection,cellReselectHysteresis(0 14 dB),cellReselectHy
43、steresis,The nominal LA border,The real LA border,L1,L2,timerPeriodicUpdateMS(PER)0.0.25.5(hours)allowIMSIAttachDetach(ATT)Yes/No,Parameter Value,IDLE MODE OPERATION Location Update,MS=MSC/VLRMobile Station switched ONNo IMSI Attach/DetachSame Location Area=No Location UpdateDifferent Location Area=
44、Location UpdateChange of the Location AreaLocation Area under the same MSC/VLRLocation Area under another MSC/VLR=HLR will be updatedService is rejected(MS unknown in VLR)Time Periodic(MS-MSC/VLR),GSM系统中发生位置更新的原因主要有两类，一种是移动台发现其所在的位置区发生变化（LAC不同）；另一种是网络规定移动台周期地进行位置更新。周期位置更新的频度是由网络控制的，周期长度由参数PER确定。PER的
45、取值范围为6分钟25小时30分，以6分钟为步长。PER设置为0表示小区中不用周期的位置更新。周期位置更新是网络与移动用户保持紧密联系的一种重要手段，因此周期时间越短，网络的总体服务性能越好。但频繁的周期更新有两个负作用：一是网络的信令流量大大增加，对无线资源的利用率降低，在严重时会直接影响系统中各个实体的处理能力（包括MSC、BSC和BTS）；另一方面则使移动台的功耗增大，使系统中移动台的平均待机时间大大缩短。因此PER的设置需权衡网络各方面的资源利用情况而定。,IMSI分离过程是指移动台向网络通告它正从工作状态进入非工作状态（通常指关机过程），或SIM卡已从移动台中取出的过程。网络在收到移动
46、台的通告后将指示该IMSI用户处于非工作状态，因此以该用户作为被叫的接续请求将被拒绝。与分离过程相应的是IMSI结合过程，它是指移动台向网络通告它已进入工作状态（通常指开机过程），或SIM卡再次被插入移动台。移动台重新进入工作状态后将检测当前所在位置区（LAI）是否和最后记录在移动台中的LAI相同，若相同则移动台启动IMSI结合过程，否则移动台启动位置更新过程（代替IMSI结合过程）。网络接收到位置更新或IMSI结合过程后，将指示该IMSI用户正处于工作状态。参数ATT用于通知移动台，在本小区内是否允许进行IMSI结合和分离过程。ATT的取值有2种，即是或否（YES/NO）。NO表示不允许移动
47、台启动IMSI结合和分离过程；YES则表示移动台必须启用结合和分离过程。ATT标志通常应设置为YES，以便在移动台关机后网络不再处理以该用户为被叫的接续过程，这样不仅节约了网络各个实体的处理时间，还可以大大节约网络的许多资源（如寻呼信道等）。ATT的设置必须注意：在同一位置区的不同小区其ATT设置必须相同。因为，移动台在ATT为YES的小区中关机时启动IMSI分离过程，网络将记录该用户处于非工作状态并拒绝所有以该用户为被叫的接续请求。若移动台再次开机时处于它关机时的同一位置区（因此不启动位置更新过程）但不同的小区，而该小区ATT设置为NO，因此移动台也不启动IMSI结合过程。在这种情况下，该用
48、户将无法正常成为被叫直到它启动位置更新过程。,MEASUREMENTS Contents,1.Coding Level and Quality 2.MS Measurements in Idle Mode3.MS Measurements in Dedicated Mode,MEASUREMENTSCoding of Level and Quality,LEVEL,QUALITY,P(dBm)FS(dBuV/m)LEV-110 27 0-109 28 1-108 29 2.-49 88 61-48 89 62-47 90 63,BER(%)BER(%)QUALRANGE MEAN 12.8 1
49、8.1 7,900 MHz,P=PowerFS=Field StrengthLEV=Level,BSC,BSC,MEASUREMENTSMS Measurements in IDLE Mode(GSM Specs),MS has to decode BCCH of serving(camped)cell every 30 sMS has to decode BCCH of adjacent cells at least every 5 minPre-synchronization（预同步）and BSIC-decoding of neighbours Once in 30 sList of 6
50、 best neighbours is updated every 60 s New neighbour BCCH decoding in 30 s,MEASUREMENTSMS Measurements in DEDICATED Mode(1),Measures the Lev and Qual of the Server,Detects whether DTX is used,26-FRAME MULTIFRAME 120 ms,TDMA FRAMES:,TCH,SACCH,IDLE,Measures the BA frequencies(System Info 5),BSIC decod
