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1、第二部分 语法专题专题四 介词和介词短语,精讲常考知识,考点五 介词 的固定搭配,考点一 表示时间的介词,考点二 表示空间的介词,考点三 表示方式、手段或工具的介词,考点四 表其他含义的介词及词组,介词用来表明名词、代词与句中其他词的关系。介词是虚词，不能重读，不能单独作句子成分，需要和它后面的词组合在一起共同充当句子成分。考点一 表时间的介词.基本用法at,in&on,since,for&from,by,until/till,during,after&before,.易混词辨析between强调在两者之间；from.to.意为“从到”，强调时间段。Tom does his homework
2、between 7:00 and 9:00.汤姆7点到9点之间做作业。（7点到9点之间的某个时间段在做，不一定一直在做）Tom does his homework from 7:00 to 9:00.汤姆从7点到9点做作业。(从7点到9点一直在做),【典例精析】1.Li Yuchun is my favorite singer.I once met her _ 2012 in Hunan.A.toB.onC.atD.in,解析：此处2012表年份，年份前用介词in。,2.The 2012 London Olympic Games will soon start _ the coming Jul
3、y.A.onB.inC.atD.To,答案：D。,解析：the coming July意为“即将到来的七月”。在月份前应用介词in。,答案：B。,解析：具体日期前用介词on。,3._ April 20th,2013,a terrible earthquake happened in Yaan city,Sichuan.(2013娄底)A.InB.OnC.At,答案：B。,4.Well hold a party in celebration of the 90th birthday of the CPC(中国共产党)_ Friday.(2011莆田)A.inB.onC.at,5.We can b
4、e thankful every day,not just _ Thanksgiving Day.(2012黔西南)A.inB.onC.toD.by,解析：星期前用介词on。,答案：B。,答案：B。,解析：节日前用介词on。,6.I usually get up _ 7:00 _ the morning.A.in;at B.at;inC.in;in D.at;on,解析：强调某一个具体时间点时用介词at；泛指的上午、下午或晚上前用介词in。,7.Lucy lived in Beijing from 2008 _ 2012.A.onB.toC.atD.of,解析：能与from搭配组合成短语的是t
5、o；from.to.意为“从到”。,答案：B。,答案：B。,8._ the time I got to the bus stop,the bus had already left.A.OnB.InC.ByD.With,解析：句子的时态为过去完成时。by只有在后面跟时间点时才与完成时连用，by the time意为“到时候为止”，常与完成时连用。另外三个词一般不与完成时连用。,9.A terrible earthquake hit Yaan.Sichuan Province _ the morning _ April 20.A.in;inB.at;onC.on;of,答案：C。,解析：指具体的某
6、个上午、下午或晚上用介词on；April 20与the morning是所属关系，应用of。,答案：C。,10.Welcome to our hotel!I hope youll have a good time _ your stay here.A.afterB.duringC.withD.since,解析：after意为“在之后”，其后跟一段时间时，句子用一般过去时；during意为“在期间”，强调在某一特定的时间段做的动作；with不与表时间的短语连用；since 后跟时间点或从句。your stay here表示的是一段时间，并且句子用的是一般将来时。因此用during最合适。,答案：
7、B。,11.I had too much work to do last night,I didnt go to bed _ 11 oclock.A.inB.untilC.for,解析：由句意可知，“我”到十一点钟才睡觉。until用于否定句时，表示动作到某个时刻为止，即“直到才”。,答案：B,12.You dont want to visit any other mountain if you have seen wu yue,but you wont wish to see even wu yue _ returning from Mount Huangshan.A.aboutB.befo
8、reC.sinceD.after,解析：about 大约；before在之前；since自从以来；after在之后。根据句意“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳”，用after最恰当。,13.Im looking after Tom today.Hes been in my house _ 8:00 this morning.A.atB.forC.sinceD.till,答案：D。,解析：since后跟过去的时间点，表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用。,答案：C。,考点二 表示空间的介词.基本用法at,on,in&to,【典例精析】1.There are four people _ my famil
9、y.A.onB.atC.inD.of,2.How can I get more information about the donation to Yaan?You can email Mr.Wang _.A.onB.inC.atD.by,解析：my family表示范围，用介词in表示在范围之内。,答案：C。,解析：邮箱地址前通常用介词at。,答案：C。,3.Excuse me.Could you tell Tae the way to the Peoples Hospital?Walk along this street _ the end and youll find it on you
10、r left.A.inB.toC.byD.at,解析：in在里面；to表示方向；by在旁边；at表示在某一时刻或小地方。此处为“走到路的尽头”，表示方向。,答案：B。,.同义词辨析over,above&on,注意：1.in有时也可以用来表示“在上”，但区别于on。,2.over表示“在正上方”的意思时，还有“覆盖”的意思。,under&below,注意：表示“温度在度以上用above，表示“温度在度以下”用below。,over,across&through,注意：over放在数词前时，意为“超过，大于，多于”。,on,in&to,between&among,in front of&in th
11、e front of,after&behind,【典例精析】1.Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays _ zero.(2013无锡)A.upB.down C.above D.below,答案：C。,解析：表示“温度在度以上用above，表示“温度在度以下”用below。根据常识可知，零度以上才见不到冰，故选above。,2.Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker?Only if you are _ eighteen.A.overB.onC.under D.below,解析：
12、几个选项中，只有over可以和数词连用，表示“超过，大于”，over eighteen意为“超过18岁”。,3.Sam likes trekking _ the jungle,because he thinks its exciting.A.overB.underC.acrossD.through,解析：根据句意可知，Sam喜欢穿越丛林。across和through 都有“穿过”的意思，但across指的是从物体表面穿过；而through指的是从立体空间内部穿过。故此处应用through。,答案：A。,答案：D。,4.The workers will build a new railroad
13、_ the two cities.A.sinceB.between C.asD.during,解析：句中的the two cities表示的是“两个城市”，两者之间用介词between。,5.Mrs.King put a coat _ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.A.overB.withC.behindD.beside,解析：根据句意可知，句子要表达“盖上一件外套”，几个介词中，只有over有“在上”的意思。,答案：B。,答案：A。,考点三 表示方式、手段或工具的介词by,in&on(表交通方式),by,in&with(表手段或工具),【典例精析】Yo
14、u can improve your English _ practicing more.A.byB.withC.ofD.in,解析：由句意可知，多练习是提高英语的方式，by表示方式。,答案：A。,考点四 表其他含义的介词及词组,【典例精析】1.Whos that man _ sunglasses?Hes Jack Ding.Ive just got an autograph from him.A.on B.for C.of D.with,解析：表示“戴眼镜、假发等”用介词with。,答案：D。,2.We are planning to have a surprise party _ her
15、fifteenth birthday.A.at B.in C.for D.with,解析：根据句意可知，聚会是为了她的15岁生日而办的，只有for有“为了”的意思。,答案：C。,3.Students shouldnt go to school _ breakfast.Its bad for their health.A.with B.without C.for D.by,解析：根据第二句的句意“对身体有害”可知，设空处要表达的意思是“没有”。只有without最合适。,答案：B。,4._ her husband,she has now become a famous film star.A.B
16、ecause B.Thanks toC.Thanks for D.With the help,答案：B。,解析：根据句意“幸亏/因为/由于她的丈夫，她现在才成了著名影星。”可以排除C和D两个选项，而because后面需要跟从句，也被排除，所以选thanks to（由于；幸亏）最恰当。,考点五 介词的固定搭配.介词与名词的常见搭配after school 放学后at first 首先at least 至少at home 在家at work 在上班at school 在上学at last 最后at times 有时at the age of 在岁时at once 立刻，马上at the momen
17、t 在那时at the same time 同时at this time 此时at the foot of 在脚下at the end of 在末端，在终点by accident 偶然by the lake 在湖边by the way 顺便问(说)一下by the end of 在末尾by car/bus/taxi/plane/train 乘坐汽车/公共汽车/出租车/飞机/火车,by bike 骑自行车for some reason 由于原因in common 共同的in the end 最后in class 在课堂上in time 及时in the daytime 在白天in danger
18、处在危险中in style 时髦的in fact 事实上in general 一般来说on duty 值日，值班on foot 步行on show 展出，展览on time 按时on the phone 打电话on the weekends/weekdays 在周末/工作日on the left/right(side)在左边/右边out of style 过时的thanks to多亏了thanks for为而感谢the key/answer to 的答案,【典例精析】1.Do you know Mo Yan?Of course,He won the 2012 Nobel Prize four
19、Literature _ the age of 57.A.inB.atC.onD.to,解析：at(the)age of为固定短语，意为“在岁时”。,2.Did you go to the exhibition on May 18th?Of course.There were many kinds of Taiwan fruits _.A.on showB.on dutyC.on business,答案：B。,解析：on show展出；on duty值班；on business出差。根据句意“有许多种台湾水果在展出”可知，选on show最恰当。,答案：A。,3.Dont ask him to
20、 study too late into the night._,he is only a small child.As a result B.After allC.Best of all D.For example,解析：as a result 结果；after all毕竟；best of all最好的；for example例如。第二句话的两个分句之间为让步关系，因此用after all。,4.Maybe you should call him up.But I dont want to talk with him _ the phone.A.onB.atC.inD.with,答案：B。,
21、解析：on the phone是固定搭配，意为“通过电话”。,答案：A。,.动词与介词的常见搭配agree with 同意ask for 向要arrive at/in 到达be made in 在某地制造be/come from 来自borrow from 从借care for 照顾get on/off 上/下车compare.with 与比较complain about 抱怨dance to 随着跳舞depend on 依靠，依赖do business 经商get ready for 为准备get on well with 与相处得好hear of/about 听说hear from 收到的
22、来信help with 帮助做laugh at 嘲笑lend to 借给look forward to 盼望,learn from 向学习look like 看起来像look after 照顾talk with 和交谈make of 由制成（能看出原材料）make from 由制成（看不出原材料）provide with 提供给run out of 用完remind.of 使想起suffer from 忍受的痛苦succeed in doing 成功做某事take care of 照顾think about 考虑think of 认为，想到，考虑talk about 讨论talk to 对说t
23、ake pride in 以而自豪turn on/off 打开/关掉worry about 担心write to 写信给,【典例精析】1.The charity provides homeless people _ food and clothes.A.withB.forC.as,解析：provide sb.with sth.为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供/供给某物”。,2.Catherine got married _ a policeman twenty years ago.A.withB.forC.to,解析：get married to sb.为固定短语，意为“嫁给某人；跟某人结婚”。,
24、答案：A。,答案：C。,3.Id like a cup of black coffee.What about you,Maggie?I prefer coffee _ sugar.A.thanB.forC.withD.to,解析：prefer.to.为固定短语，意为“和相比，更喜欢”，但答话者并非想说自己更喜欢糖，而是说自己喜欢加糖的咖啡，表示“有，伴随”用with最恰当。,4.They arrived _ Shanghai _ a cold morning.A.in;inB.in;onC.at;onD.at;in,解析：arrive in和arrive at都可表示“到达”。到达大的地方用a
25、rrive in，到达小的地方用arrive at。表示“在具体的某天或某个特定的上午、下午或晚上”时，要用介词on。,答案：C。,答案：B。,5.Mr.Wang is strongly _ keeping animals in the zoo,because he thinks animals should also enjoy freedom.A.upB.forC.againstD.down,解析：be up向上；be for赞成；be against反对；down向下。由后半句话的句意可知，王先生“反对”把动物放在动物园里。,6.Ann often helps me _ maths af
26、ter school.A.forB.withC.onD.by,解析：help sb.with sth.为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”。,答案：C。,答案：B。,7.John often asks his teacher _ help.A.toB.withC.forD.on,解析：“ask sb.for.”为固定搭配，意为“向某人要”。,8.Mary,does your brother get _ work by bus?No,he rides a bike.Sometimes he walks.A.inB.onC.toD.for,解析：get to为固定搭配，意为“到达”。,9.Sandy
27、 is a real book lover and she often brings home many books to read _ the library.A.inB.forC.byD.from,解析：固定短语bring.from.意为“从带到”。,答案：C。,答案：C。,答案：D。,.介词与形容词的常见搭配be angry with 生的气be afraid of 害怕be absent from 缺席，不在be bad for 对有害be good for 对有好处be good to 对有好处be good at 擅长be friendly with 对友好be famous as
28、 作为而出名be famous for 以著名be interested in 对感兴趣be filled with 被充满be full of 充满be kind to 对亲切be late for 迟到be mad at 生的气be pleased with 对满意,be proud of 对感到骄傲be popular with 受某人欢迎be polite to 对有礼貌be strict with 对要求严格be sure of 确信，肯定different from 不同于the same as 和一样,【典例精析】1.If you read a lot,your life wil
29、l be full _ pleasure.A.byB.ofC.forD.with,解析：be full of 为固定短语，意为“充满”，等同于be filled with。,答案：B。,2.Not only the young but also the old are getting interested _ WeChat(微信).They can communicate more freely.A.byB.aboutC.inD.for,解析：be/get interested in为固定短语，意为“对感兴趣”。,3.Sanya is famous _ its beautiful beache
30、s.A.ofB.forC.as,解析：be famous for为固定短语，意为“以著名”，介词宾语是主语的特点或一部分；be famous as意为“作为而出名”，主语和介词后面的内容指的是同一人或物。根据句意“三亚因其美丽的海滩而著名。”可知，此处用be famous for更恰当。,答案：C。,答案：B。,4.Whats your teacher like?She is always strict _ us.A.inB.withC.to,解析：be strict with sb.表示“对某人要求严格”；be strict in sth.表示“对某事要求严格”。由空后的us可知其前的介词应用with。,5.The chemicals in the vegetables and fruit are bad _ our health.A.fromB.withC.ofD.for,解析：be bad for为固定搭配，意为“对有害处”。,答案：B。,答案：D。,
