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1、对 Oracle 数据库进行容灾(Veritas Volume Replicator(VVR)2008-08-13 07:12:08标签：数据库容灾推送到技术圈随着全球信息化时代的到来，信息数据越来越成为企业关注的焦点，即在各种自然灾害或者 人为破坏的情况下，如何保证生产数据的安全和关键业务的不中断运行。传统的保护方法离 线备份、备份介质异地保存在一定程度上可以解决上述问题，但为了能够对业务系统提供更 高的实时性和可靠性，保证关键业务7x24不中断，应对激烈的市场竞争和提高客户满意度， 企业必须在IT系统围绕连续(BC)主题进行构建，实施业务连续/容灾备份计划，包括业务 连续性、高可用性管理、
2、容灾、数据复制和恢复方案、安全等，下面就对数据复制技术做一 个简单的介绍。根据数据复制运行的位置，可以将数据复制方式分为以下四种：基于存储(Storage-Based)：代表厂商有 EMC SRDF、IBM PPRC/GDPS、HP Bu sinessCopy、HDS TrueCopy等，特点对主机透明，对应用系统的影响较小，技术成熟， 有较多的成功案例，但是投资较大，对网络连接的要求也较高。基于服务器(Host-based):代表厂商主要是Symantec公司的Veritas Volume Re plicator (VVR)，是存储卷的复制技术。需要占用主机一定的系统资源。基于存储交换机(S
3、AN- Based)：运行于挂接在存储网络上的专用设备中，代表厂商有C ISCO 的 SANTap，FalconStor IPStor，Topio SANsafe，DataCore SANsymphony, Asynchronous Internet Mirroring (AIM)等。基于数据库/软件应用：代表厂商有Oracle DataGuard，Quest SharePlex，IBM- DB2的远程Q复制，SYBASE的复制服务器(Replication Server)等，这些技术都是对 数据逻辑操作的复制，属于逻辑数据复制，而其它3种复制的是数据卷中的数据变化，属于 物理数据复制。典型的
4、逻辑数据复制是通过数据库日志实现的，优点是硬件投资小，对生产 系统的影响比较小，对主、备用系统的硬件平台没有选择性；可以在广域网范围内使用。但它 对数据库系统有严格的要求，并且主、备用系统必须使用相同的数据库版本。上面介绍的主要的各厂商方案和产品可以参见下图：Primary SiteOi 日加 CiHM GJiaid IBM DB2HA.MIhl牌DdijIjJi* Tai蛔Lcgalo 迎/0口!(EMKJVelums Replicator FNinsnuftpK i-jjiic 血仙漩(FIWC3tit! bum本文主要介绍基于主机和逻辑卷的数据复制VVR。VERITAS的VVR(Veri
5、tas Volume Replicator)是用于有效的灾难恢复的数据复制软 件，可以连续对应用数据进行一个或者多个的拷贝保护。具有的优点主要有：高性能，距离 不限，支持异构的存储和操作系统，对数据的连续保护，支持同步和异步复制。VVR系统架构如下图：ApplicationFile SystemDatabaseVxVM y WRDa 怡 VolumesData VolumesVVR具有的系统特性如下：(1) 最高支持32个远程节点，可以通过基于IP的LAN或者WAN网络；(2) 通过对逻辑卷的同步和异步复制模式，保证数据的完整性和一致性；(3) 确保备用节点和主节点的数据具有相同的写入顺序；(
6、4) 支持对网络带宽的管理和定义，支持多链路的连接；(5) 支持对备用节点的脱机操作，以便在备用节点进行查询(例如DSS决策支持系统) 或者数据备份；(6) 易管理：同时支持命令行和图形界面(VEA);(7) 主备节点之间支持多种异构存储；(8) 支持不同操作系统平台之间的复制；(注：在本文中，因为设计到Oracle数据库的 复制，所以主备操作系统必须同一类型，比如必须都是Solaris平台，版本完全相同的Ora cle版本)(9) 支持主流关系数据库系统，包括Oracle,DB2,Sybase和Informix，数据文件的 存放格式包括逻辑卷(裸设备)或者文件系统;(10) 支持共享的集群环
7、境中的逻辑卷复制，比如 Oracle RAC (Real Application C lusters)(注：本文中采用的是单节点Oracle复制)；(11) 支持 Veritas volume set;(12) 支持 PDC (Portable Data Container)环境的数据复制；VVR数据复制系统主要由下面五个组件组成： Replicated Volume Group (RVG)复制卷组RVG是位于VxVM磁盘组(DG)内的一组逻辑卷，RVG隶属于磁盘组的一部分，通过 定义这些逻辑卷，应用对逻辑卷的写操作都可以保持以主节点上同样的顺序，来写到备用节点上。对于多数数据库系统来说，都是
8、由一些特定的进程完成对磁盘的写操作，比如Oracle 系统中的LOWR和DBWR进程，而这些写操作总是依照着一定顺序，从而来保证实例恢复中数据的一 致和完整。比如数据库变化通常在写入日志文件后才会写入数据文件，所以当日志文件和数据文件属于 要复制的不同逻辑卷的时候，它们必须被定义到同一组RVG中。每组RVG最多可以包括2048个数据卷。下面介绍SRL和RLINK，它们也包括在RVG中。 Storage Replicator Log (SRL)SRL用于记录RVG中数据写操作的日志，并循环被使用。每个RVG包括一个SRL。 数据在写入RVG中的卷之前，首先要写到主节点的SRL中。从VxVM的角度
9、来看，SRL是一个单独的卷，因为所有的写操作首先要写到SRL中， 这个卷需要有较好的写性能，所以多数情况下需要对这个卷进行条带化，并且在不同的盘上 mirror以保护数据，同时数据卷和SRL卷最好分布在不同的物理磁盘上以得到更好的性能。不允许人工直接对SRL进行访问。 Replication Link RLINK用于连接主RVG和备用RVG之间的一个链接，一个主的RVG最多可以有32个RL INK。可以定义RLINK的多个属性来调整数据复制的参数，比如指定复制的网络。 Data Change Map (DCM) Replicated Data Set (RDS)一个RDS包括了所有的主节点和备
10、用节点的复制卷组(RVG)。RDS不是一个具体存在 的对象，而是一个VVR复制技术中的一个概念。在异步模式下VVR的数据复制和数据流向ApplicationPrirrifir/Set&ndarvIhtfiCAE&i *i加Mi己h 昭ing 能i心m白4 eirtflultihS&iiSly. Inwmi ng WriteVVR Wril-e CompleteSend to Secondary刊已 mork: Acknowl edgcmcnlWrite toSRL 7Primary Data Vcnlunries Wrii&to Data Volumeo Secondary Dataalurn
11、esData Acknaledge-mntWrite to Data Volume在同步模式下VVR的数据复制和数据流向PrimarySecondaryApfMitati&nIncomingWriteWriteComplete(3)S(i!n(J to SccpntJaryVVR(TjNeiwnrk AcknowledgenifintVVR Gala Acknowledge menfwntnto SRLWrite tdData VolurnEWrite toData VolumeSRL PfirnsryData Volumes Indicates operalion being perform
12、ed simullaneously.SecondaryData Volumes另外，VVR 是 Veritas Volume Manager (VxVM)的一个单独的 option，需要单独 的 license。Veritas Volume Replicator 的安装主备节点硬件和软件配置和版本如下：主节点机器名：lxsfrac01Sun Microsystems Sun Fire X4100 Server操作系统 solaris10u4 x86_64VVR 版本：Veritas Volume Replicator 5.0 GAOracle 版本： Oracle 10gR2 Enterpri
13、se Edition磁盘阵列：SAN/ HDS AMS 1000Public网卡：e1000g0私有(复制)网卡：e1000g1备用节点机器名：lxsfrac02软硬件环境与主节点相同两个节点分别安装VVR和vxfs，安装方法相同，以lxsfrac02为例：放入安装介质，一般Solaris都由vold进程自动mount CD如果需要手工mount: mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s2 /cdromrootlxsfrac02 # cd ./volume_replicator/rootlxsfrac02 # lscopyright docs installv
14、vr pkgs release_notes scripts tools uninstallvvr rootlxsfrac02 # ls -l total 24-rw-r-r- 1 root root 476 Dec 15 2006 copyrightdrwxrwxr-x 2 root root 512 Jun 21 10:13 docs-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2283 Apr 14 2007 installvvrdrwxrwxr-x 3 root root 1024 Jun 21 10:13 pkgsdrwxrwxr-x 2 root root 512 Jun 21 10
15、:13 release_notesdrwxrwxr-x 3 root root 512 Jun 21 10:13 scriptsdrwxrwxr-x 3 root root 512 Jun 21 10:13 tools-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2283 Apr 14 2007 uninstallvvr rootlxsfrac02 # ./installvvr lxsfrac02Veritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation ProgramCopyright (c) 2007 Symantec Corporation. All right
16、s reserved. Symantec, the Symantec Logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Symantec Corporation or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. Other names may be trademarks of their respective o wners.The Licensed Software and Documentation are deemed to be commercial computer sof tware
17、and commercial computer software documentation as defined in FAR Sections 12.212 and DFARS Section 227.7202.Logs for installvvr are being created in /var/tmp/installvvr-mrk46Y.Initial system check:Checking VVR installation on lxsfrac02notinstalledChecking architecture on lxsfrac02i386Veritas Volume
18、Replicator 5.0 Installation Program Checking system licensingInstalling licensing packagesVVR is not licensed on lxsfrac02Enter a VVR license key for lxsfrac02: * * successfully registered on lxsfrac02 Permanent VVR license registered on lxsfrac02Do you want to enter another license key for lxsfrac0
19、2? y,n,q (n) Veritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation Program Checking installed packages on lxsfrac02Veritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation ProgramVVR can be installed without optional packages to conserve disk space. Additional packages are typically installed to simplify future upgrades.1)
20、Required Veritas Volume Replicator packages - 855 MB required2) All Veritas Volume Replicator packages - 861 MB required3) Storage Foundation Enterprise packages - 911 MB required Select the packages to be installed on all systems? 1-3,q,? (3) 2 Veritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation ProgramThe
21、following VVR packages will be installed:VRTSperl Veritas Perl 5.8.8 RedistributionVRTSvlic Veritas LicensingVRTSicsco Symantec Common Infrastructure VRTSpbx Symantec Private Branch Exchange VRTSsmf Symantec Service Management Framework VRTSat Symantec Product Authentication Service VRTSobc33 Verita
22、s Enterprise Administrator Core Service VRTSob Veritas Enterprise Administrator Service VRTSobgui Veritas Enterprise AdministratorVRTSccg Veritas Enterprise Administrator Central Control Grid VRTSmh Veritas Storage Foundation Managed Host by Symantec VRTSaa Veritas Enterprise Administrator Action Ag
23、ent VRTSspt Veritas Software Support Tools SYMClma Symantec License Inventory Agent VRTSvxvm Veritas Volume Manager BinariesVRTSdsa Veritas Datacenter Storage AgentVRTSfspro Veritas File System Management Services Provider VRTSvmman Veritas Volume Manager Manual Pages VRTSvmdoc Veritas Volume Manage
24、r Documentation Press Return to continue: .continued:VRTSdcli Veritas Distributed Command Line InterfaceVRTSalloc Veritas Volume Manager Intelligent Storage Provisioning VRTSvmpro Veritas Volume Manager Management Services Provider VRTSddlpr Veritas Device Discovery Layer Services Provider VRTSvrpro
25、 Veritas Volume Replicator Client Extension and Provider forVeritas Enterprise AdministratorVRTSvcsvr Veritas Cluster Server Agents for VVRVRTSjre Veritas Java Runtime Environment RedistributionVRTSjre15 Veritas Java Runtime Environment RedistributionVRTSweb Veritas Java Web ServerVRTSvrw Veritas Vo
26、lume Replicator Web ConsoleVRTSvrdoc Veritas Volume Replicator DocumentationPress Return to continue:Checking for any AP driver issues on lxsfrac02NoneA copy of a previous VxVM configuration is present on the system lxsfrac02.Do you want to restore and reuse the previous VxVM configuration of system
27、 lxsfrac02 y,n,q,? (y) nVeritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation ProgramInstalling VVR: 100% Installation completed successfully on all systemsIt is optional to configure VVR now. If you choose to configure VVR later, you can either do so manually, or run the installvvr -configure command. The pro
28、duct installation scri pts can be found in /opt/VRTS/install directoryAre you ready to configure VVR? y,n,q (y)The enclosure-based naming scheme is a feature of Veritas Volume Manager. It allows one to reference disks using a symbolic name that is more meaningful than the operati ng systems normal d
29、evice access name. This symbolic name is typically derived from t he array name.Do you want to set up the enclosure-based naming scheme? y,n,q,? (n) yVeritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation ProgramVeritas Volume Manager default disk group name configuration:Many Veritas Volume Manager commands af
30、fect the contents or configuration of a disk group. Such commands require that the user specify a disk group. This is accomplished by using the -g option of a command or setting the VXVM_DEFAULTDG environment va riable. An alternative to these two methods for some commands is to configure the na me
31、of the default disk group of a system.Note: The default disk group feature is not available with the DCLI vxadm(1M) and vxq uery(1M) commands. When using these commands, a required disk group must be expl icitly identified using the -g option.Do you want to set up a default disk group for each syste
32、m? y,n,q,? (y) nVeritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation ProgramFollowing are the default ports that will be used by VVR on lxsfrac02 :Port for VVR heartbeat communication: 4145Port for vradmind daemon: 8199Port for vxrsyncd daemon: 8989Ports for data replication: Anonymous-PortsThe ports indicate
33、d for VVR heartbeats and vradmind are IANA assigned.The port settings should be identical for systems that will be part of the same Replicate d Data Set. They should also be identical for all the systems in a cluster.Do you want to change any of the VVR ports on lxsfrac02? y,n,q (n) Veritas Volume R
34、eplicator 5.0 Installation Program VVR Statistics Collection ToolThe VVR administrative daemon vradmind can collect and maintain various statistics which are helpful in solving VVR performance issues. This collection can be tuned using a few tunables like the frequency for gathering the statistics a
35、nd the number of days for which the collected statistics should be preserved, after which the earlier statistics are automatically deleted.The frequency of VVR statistics collection on lxsfrac02 is set to per 10 seconds.Do you want to change the frequency of VVR statistics collection on lxsfrac02 ?
36、y,n,q (n)The maximum number of days for which VVR statistics can be retained is set to 3 on lxs frac02Do you want to change the maximum number of days for retaining VVR statistics on lxs frac02 ? y,n,q (n)Veritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation Program Configuration of VVR tunables (For the advan
37、ced user) Do you want to view or modify VVR tunables on lxsfrac02 ? y,n,q,? (n) Veritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation Program Verify the install systems Fully Qualified Hostnames.Querying fully qualified domain name of host lxsfrac02failPress Return to continue:Unable to find FQHN for lxsfrac02
38、!Enter the fully qualified hostname of lxsfrac02 or QUIT to quit install.Enter the fully qualified host name: lxsfrac02Veritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation Program Choose how this install will be managed.This product can configured one of the two following ways:* Storage Foundation Management
39、Server managed host (Recommended)* Standalone hostPre-requisites for Storage Foundation Management Server managed host:* A Storage Foundation Management Server (SFMS) is configured* SFMS should be currently running and fully operational.* Authentication Broker that is used by SFMS should be running.
40、The following information would be requested during configuration:* The host name of the SFMS* Previously set SFMS agent account passwordThere are no pre-requisites for deploying as a standalone host.Enabling Storage Foundation Management Server management simplifies and improves management of the c
41、omplex data centerresources, reducing planned and unplanned down time.Enable Storage Foundation Management Server Management? y,n,q (y) nVeritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation ProgramVerify the install systems Fully Qualified Hostnames.Configuring VEA in STANDALONE mode on lxsfrac02okConfiguring
42、 gridnode on lxsfrac02okRegistering gridnode on lxsfrac02okConfiguring actionagent on lxsfrac02okRegistering actionagent on lxsfrac02okRegistering StorageAgent on lxsfrac02okDo you want to start Veritas Volume Replicator processes now? y,n,q (y)Veritas Volume Replicator 5.0 Installation ProgramStart
43、ing VVR: 100% Startup completed successfully on all systemsYou declined to set up the name of the default disk group for lxsfrac02.Installation log files, summary file, and response file are saved at: /opt/VRTS/install/logs/installvvr-mrk46YTo enable Dynamic Multi-Pathing (DMP), MPxIO must be disabl
44、ed. Refer to the Storage Foundation Release Notes for further details on disabling MPxIO.检查 vradmin deamon:rootlxsfrac02 # ps -ef| grep vrad|grep -v grep root 9808 1 0 16:24:47 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/vradmind安装Veritas File System :安装过程略rootlxsfrac02 # cd file_system/rootlxsfrac02 # ls -ltotal 22-rw-r-r- 1
45、 root root 476 Dec 15 2006 copyrightdrwxrwxr-x 2 root root 512 Jun 21 10:12 docs-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2283 Apr 14 2007 installfsdrwxrwxr-x 3 root root 1024 Jun 21 10:12 pkgsdrwxrwxr-x 2 root root 512 Jun 21 10:12 release_notesdrwxrwxr-x 3 root root 512 Jun 21 10:12 scripts-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 228
46、3 Apr 14 2007 uninstallfsrootlxsfrac02 # ./installfs lxsfrac02Veritas Volume Replicator VVR 的配置1. 两个节点上都需要做：修改两个节点的/etc/hosts10.198.90.12210.198.90.139192.168.0.122lxsfrac01lxsfrac02lxsfrac01-privlxsfrac02-priv分别创建私有网络（专有），建议数据复制使用专用网络。rootlxsfrac0155.255.0 uprootlxsfrac02 55.255.0 uprootlxsfrac0119
47、2.168.0.139# ifconfig e1000g1 plumb 192.168.0.122 netmask 255.2# ifconfig e1000g1 plumb 192.168.0.139 netmask 255.2# ping 192.168.0.139 is alive192.168.0.139创建相同名称的磁盘组（含有最少两个磁盘），相同名称数据卷oravol，创建复制日志卷 （SRL），分别在本地安装Oracle 10gR2.（安装Oracle过程略。）vxdg init oradg AMS_WMS0_2 AMS_WMS0_3 vxassist -g oradg make oravol 10gvxedit -g oradg set user=oracle group=dba mode=64rootlxsfrac01rootlxsfrac01vxassist -g oradg make srl 800m
