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1、被动语态,东关实验中学外语组,语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。,主动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。如：Many students study English.(主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态),语态,1）不知道动作的执行者是谁,何时使用被动语态？,My bike was stolen yesterday.,2）没有必要指出动作的执行者,More trees must be planted every year.,3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者,Chi
2、nese is spoken by more and more people in the world.,被动语态的结构,助动词be+过去分词(be+done),一般现在时：am/is/are+done,一般过去时：was/were+done,一般将来时:will be/be going to be+done,情态动词：must/can/could/may+be+done,现在进行时:be(am/is/are)+being+done,现在完成时:have/has+been+done,被动语态的构成：be+done,各种时态的被动语态：,1.We are glad that the Shenzh
3、en Underground _ very soon.(2013深圳)A.will be completed B.will complete C.has completed D.has been completed2.The computer _ in Japan in 2003 and I have had it for only one week.(2013中考)A.was made B.can be made C.is made D.made,历届中考题,对被动语态句子时态的考核：由时间状语very soon 可以确定该句应该用一般将来时的被动语态。由时间状语in 2003(过去的时间)
4、，可以确定该句应该用一般过去时的被动语态。,3.He will go fishing if his work _.(2013河北)A.is done B.will be done C.has done D.have done4.Today,the forests have almost gone.People must _ down too many trees.(2013安徽)A.stop to cut B.stop from cutting C.be stopped to cut D.be stopped from cutting,历届中考题,被动语态知识点的综合考核：7.在条件状语从句中
5、，主句用一般将来时从句要用现在时，同时该句又应该用被动语态。8.对句式”stop sb.from doing sth.”被动语态的考核”sb.be stopped from doing sth.”B选项如果去掉“from”，成为另一句式”stop doing sth.”，也是对的。,Grade 3,主动语态如何变被动语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变介宾谓变be done时不变（be体现时态，人称和数的变化）,主动语态,被动语态,They play football on Sunday.L
6、ucy does the homework in the evening.They often help him with homework.We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,He is often helped with homework by them.,These machines are made in Beijing.,1.They bought a computer last ter
7、m,by them last term.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were+过去分词,last year.,2.We planted many trees last year.,Many trees,were planted,A computer,was bought,They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used the rooms for resting.,T
8、he tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,The rooms were used for resting by them.,3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：,be going to be/will be+过去分词,1.They will finish the work in ten days.,by them in ten days.,The w
9、ork,will be finished,2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.,The room,is going to be cleaned,by Tom tomorrow.,We will hold a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster is going to give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be held by u
10、s next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk is going to be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1.Amy can take good care of Gina,by Amy.,Gina,can be taken good care of,2.You should drink more water.,More water,shou
11、ld be drunk,by you.,1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,5.现在完
12、成时的被动语态的结构,have/has been 过去分词,We have made a key,by us.,A key,has been made,2.We have finished our compositions.,Our compositions,have been finished,by us.,被动语态的几种特殊类型,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）,如：1.He gave me a book.,give me a book,间,直,=give a book to me,直,间,I was given a book by him.,A
13、book was given to me by Tom.,2.I bought him a book.,He was bought a book by me.,A book was bought for him by me.,to:pass,give,show,bring，sell，send，tell，teach，return，lend for:make,buy,get，choose，cook,They take good care of my child.I turned off the radio.,2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,-My child is taken good care
14、 of.,-The radio was turned off(by me).,动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成的动词短语的介词和副词。,即hear,watch,see,make,let,这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.,1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday.,2.The boss makes him work for 10 hours.,He,is made,to work for 10 hours.,3.感
15、官动词和使役动词的被动语态,Pay attention to this:,1）像 happen,take place,不及物动词没有被动语态。,不用被动语态的情况,A traffic accident _(happen)just now.,happened,2）连系动词look,sound,taste,smell 等不用被动语态。,Moon cakes taste delicious.,The idea sounds great.,1）当表示主语质地,自身特征的动词open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive 与副词well或easil
16、y连用时，可用主动语态表被动意义，用作不及物动词。,This kind of pen writes smoothly.,This kind of shirt _well here.,这种样式的衬衣在这儿很好卖。,sells,主动形式表被动意义,2)在be worth doing 中，doing 表被动意义。,The book is worth reading.,3)need doing=need to be done to be done 表不定式的被动结构。,My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.,Try this!,1.
17、Last year,Li Hua,a college student,_ to work for the Olympic Games.(2008,河北）A is choosing B is C was choosing D was chosen2.-Whos the little baby in the photo,Susan?-Its me,this photo _ ten years ago.(2008,北京）A takes B is taken C took D was taken3.Its reported that the Underground Lines No.3 _ in ou
18、r city in 2010.(2008,南京）A will build B has build C will be built D has been built4.-Look at the sign on the right.-Ok,parking _ here.(2008，河南）A doesnt allow B isnt allowed C didnt allow D wasnt allowed,5.-What should we do first if we want to develop our village?-A lot of new roads _,I think.(2008,呼
19、尔浩特）A must be built B have to build C must build D have built6.-Do you believe there are aliens?-Im afraid not.I dont think aliens _ in space.(2008,黄冈）A can find B can be found C can be founded D cant be found7.-Alice,You _ on the phone.-Im coming.Thanks.(2008,辽宁）A want B are wanted C are wanting D
20、have wanted 8.The thief _ by the policeman already.（2008,杭州）A is caught B caught C has caught D has been caught9.Mary _ the song at a party.(2008,广东）A heard sing B was heard sung C was heard to sing D was heard sing,10.-What do you think of the football match yesterday?-Well,its surprising.The stron
21、gest team of our school_.(2008,大连）A was beaten B won C scored D was failed11.-Did you have anyone _ the goldfish?-Yes,I had the goldfish _.(2007,烟台）A feed,feed B to feed,fed C feed,to be fed D feed,fed12.-Do you often see William _ on the playground?-No,he is often seen _ Chinese kungfu in the park.
22、A run,play B run,to play C running,play D running,to play.(2007,潍坊）13.-Will you come to join us this Sunday?-I wont come unless Bob _.(2007,烟台）A is invited B will be invited C can invited D invites,14.Today,the forests have almost gone.People must _ down too many trees.(2006,重庆）A stop to cut B stop
23、from cutting C be kept cutting D be stopped from cutting 15.-Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?-Yes,every student _ about it.(2007,宁波）A have told B have been told C has told D has been told16.This kind of clothes _ well.And it _.(2007,陕西）A sells,has bee
24、n sold out B is sold,has been sold out C was sold,sold out D sells,sold out,填空（完成被动语态填空）1.They often clean their classroom after school.（改为被动语态）Their classroom _ often _ by them after school.2.Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week.（同上）A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week.,is,cleaned,was given by,Practice,3.A
25、 lot of people in China can speak English now.（同上）English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now.4.I have learned English for about two years.（同上）English _ _ _ for about two years.5.They will read these story-books next month.（同上）These story-books _ _ _ next month.,can be spoken,has been learned,will
26、 be read,5.Do you like the skirt?It _ soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt6.Are you still here?You were here an hour ago.Who _ for?A.are you waiting B.did you wait C.were you waiting D.do you wait,7._ to know Professor Zhang.A.He said B.I said C.He is said D.It says 8.I want to sit at the tabl
27、e near the window.Sorry,_ already.A.it took B.it takes C.it is taking D.it has been taken,9.The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday.A.had post,had arrived B.was posted,arrivedC.posted,arrived D.had been posted,was arrived10.He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday.A.is given B.wil
28、l be given C.would have given D.would be given,11.Water _ into ice.A.will changed B.must be changed C.should change D.can be changed12.The birds _ fly away last Saturday.A.let to B.is let to C.was let D.were let to,13.A strange sound _ yesterday evening.A.was heard B.hears C.heard D.is heard 14.A be
29、autiful bike _ him by his classmates.A.sent to B.will sent to C.was sent to D.will be sent for,15.Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting.A.has been asked B.has been asked C.Have been asked D.have been asked16.Meat _ out in this shop.We can _ now.A.have been sold,get nothing B.has been sold,get n
30、othing C.has been sold,get some D.have been sold,get some,17.The new play _ in theatre now.Why dont you go in and see it?A.is being shown B.is showing C.is shown D.shows18.Can you tell _?A.when did it happen B.when was it happened C.when it happened D.when it was happened,19._ the job _ by Lucy or by John?A.Has finished B.Has being finished C.Is finish D.Has been finished,
